The role of genes in the human body

Genes and Health Genetic Testing Modern medical research has proved that, except for trauma, almost all diseases are related to genes. Like blood is divided into different blood types, the normal genes in the human body are also divided into different genotypes, that is, gene polymorphism. Different genotypes have different sensitivities to environmental factors, and sensitive genotypes can cause diseases under the action of environmental factors. In addition, abnormal genes can directly cause diseases, and the diseases occurring in this case are genetic diseases.　It can be said that there are three underlying causes of disease: (1) acquired mutations in genes; (2) interaction between normal genes and the environment; (3) inherited genetic defects.　In the vast majority of diseases, the cause can be found in the genes.　Genes, through their guidance of protein synthesis, determine how efficiently we absorb food, remove poisons from our bodies, and respond to infections.　The first group of genetically related diseases, of which there are more than four thousand, are acquired through genes inherited from either the father or the mother.　The second group of diseases, which are common, such as heart disease, diabetes, and many types of cancer, are the result of the interaction of multiple genes and multiple environmental factors.　Genes are the chemical carriers of human hereditary information that determine our similarities and dissimilarities with previous generations. When genes "work" properly, our bodies develop and function normally. If a gene is not working properly, even a very small piece of a gene, it can cause developmental abnormalities, disease, and even death.　A healthy body relies on the constant renewal of the body to ensure the normal quantity and quality of proteins, which work in conjunction with each other to ensure the normal execution of the various functions of the body. Each protein is the product of a corresponding gene.　Genes can change, some changes do not cause changes in the quantity or quality of proteins, others do. Such changes in genes are called mutations. Changes in the quantity or quality of proteins can cause abnormalities in the body's functioning that can lead to disease. Genetic Testing Concepts Genetic testing is a technique that tests DNA through blood, other body fluids, or cells.　Genetic testing can be used to diagnose disease and can also be used to predict disease risk. Disease diagnosis is the use of genetic testing techniques to detect mutated genes that cause inherited diseases. The most widely used genetic tests are for the detection of hereditary diseases in newborns, the diagnosis of hereditary diseases, and the adjunctive diagnosis of certain common diseases. Currently there are more than 1,000 hereditary diseases that can be diagnosed by genetic testing techniques.　What is very exciting in recent years is the development of predictive genetic testing. Genetic testing technology is utilized to detect the risk of diseases before they occur and to prevent them earlier or take effective interventions. There are already more than 20 diseases that can be predicted using genetic testing.　For testing, the genes of the subject are first extracted from the blood or other cells. Then this part of the gene is copied many times with primers and PCR technology that can identify genes that may have mutations, and the mutant gene probe method with special markers, enzyme digestion method, gene sequence detection method, etc. are used to determine whether there is a mutation in this part of the gene or whether there is a sensitive genotype.　Currently, the main methods of genetic testing are: fluorescence quantitative PCR, gene chip, liquid biochip and microfluidic technology. Difference between traditional testing Our usual medical testing methods are aimed at the specific symptoms of disease or existing lesions for testing. The development of modern science has facilitated the continuous development of medical testing methods, which can penetrate into the nuances of the disease for vertical or horizontal analysis.　As we all know, the basic components of the human body is the cell, if the cell can develop a substantive analysis, you can find the root cause of the disease. For example, cancer is the result of mutation and mass replication of human cells. In general, medical tests are designed to see if there are already cancer cells in your body, but there is no way to know the risk of cancerous cells that have not produced cancerous mutations but are already at risk. This is not the case with genetic testing, which can tell you exactly if there is a possibility or chance of a disease occurring at a future time in your life, and give you an early warning so that you can take effective measures to prevent it. gene gene-test gene-sequencing physical examination gene gene-test Difference between gene-test and routine physical examination?　Disease susceptibility gene testing and routine medical checkups can both play a preventive role, but they reflect different stages. A disease can take a long time to develop. Genetic testing is a person in the absence of disease, to prevent what diseases will occur in the future, belongs to the first stage of the test; and routine testing is the occurrence of disease, the disease to what extent. Such as: early, medium and so on, which belongs to the second stage of detection, is the scope of clinical medicine. Therefore, genetic testing is the initiative to prevent the occurrence of disease, while the traditional means of physical examination can not play such a preventive role.　The traditional physical examination mainly focuses on the diagnosis and examination of the clinical lesions that have already appeared in the human body, and its main task is to cooperate with the treatment of the disease, and it is unable to predict the lesions before they occur, and draw more and deeper conclusions. In other words, in the prevention of disease, the traditional medical examination is very passive and lagging behind. The reality is that many diseases do not have obvious signs, and once the onset of the disease, modern medicine is often helpless, patients and their families may be a lifetime of pain and trouble. Edit Accuracy The genetic history of disease families is caused by the inheritance of disease susceptibility genes, so genetic testing can detect these inherited susceptibility genotypes, and the testing accuracy rate reaches 99.9999%. Types of diseases tested (1) 34 types of D: Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic hepatitis B, chronic severe hepatitis B, autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver after hepatitis B, primary biliary cirrhosis, type I diabetes mellitus, Vogt-Oyanagi Harada Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, uremia, Iga systemic nephropathy, non-Iga systemic valvulopathy, Iga systemic nephropathy, Iga systemic nephropathy, non-Iga systemic nephropathy. Iga-system nephropathy, non-Iga-system membranous accretive nephritis, anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis, hormone-sensitive nephropathy, renal cancer, episodic somnolence, asthma, osteoarticular tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, aplastic anemia, Hiv infection and AIDS, allergic rhinitis, periodontitis, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, leukocytosis, chronic urticaria, and optic neuritis ．　(2) 9 types of E: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease susceptibility testing (including primary hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension combined with left ventricular hypertrophy) (3) 5 types of F: diabetes mellitus and its complications susceptibility testing (including type II diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic ophthalmology, diabetes mellitus cardiovascular complications, type II diabetic neuropathy, type II diabetic neuropathy, type II diabetic neuropathy) (4) 13 types of Gc: male tumor susceptibility testing (including lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colon cancer, rectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric ulcers, nasopharyngeal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, etc.) (5) 15 types of Hc: female tumor susceptibility testing (including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer (including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, primary liver cancer, gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, bladder cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, etc.) (6) 5 types of Hc: Pancreatic Cancer, Diabetic Foot Type II, Anaphylactic Purpura Nephritis, Age-Related Cataracts, Chronic Bronchitis.　(7) 5 types of Y: endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia, dietary intervention sensitivity in hyperlipidemic population (8) Beauty I M1 - health and beauty gene detection (9) Beauty II M2 - Obesity susceptibility gene testing Genetic paternity testing The testing and analysis of genetic markers to determine whether a parent and child are related by parentage is called a paternity test or paternity test.DNA is the basic carrier of human heredity, and human chromosomes are made up of DNA.Each human cell has 23 pairs (46) of paired chromosomes, which come from the father and the mother, respectively. The 23 chromosomes provided by each spouse are paired with each other after fertilization, constituting 23 pairs (46) of the child's chromosomes. This cycle constitutes the continuation of life.　Since there are approximately 3 billion nucleotides that make up the entire chromosome system in the human body, and since the interchanges and combinations are randomized before the formation of germ cells, no two people in the world have the exact same sequence of 3 billion nucleotides that make up a human being, which is called a human genetic polymorphism. Despite the existence of genetic polymorphisms, each person's chromosomes must and can only come from his or her parents, and this is the theoretical basis of DNA paternity testing.　Traditional serum methods can detect erythrocyte blood group, leukocyte blood group, serotype and erythrocyte enzyme type, etc. These genetic markers are proteins (including glycoproteins) or peptides, which are easy to be inactivated and lead to the samples not getting the desired test results. In addition, these genetic markers are the products of gene coding, polymorphic information content (PIC) is limited, can not reflect the polymorphism of the DNA coding region, and these genetic markers have physiological and pathological variations (such as A, O blood type people infected with Escherichia coli, the B antigen may be positive. Therefore, its application value is limited.　DNA testing can make up for the shortcomings of serological methods, so by the forensic forensics workers pay great attention to the progress of human genome research in recent years, and molecular biology technology is also improving, with the genome research to the continuous penetration of various disciplines, the progress of these disciplines reached an unprecedented height. In forensic science, STR locus and single nucleotide (SNP) locus detection are the core of the second and third generations of DNA analysis techniques, respectively, and are detection techniques developed following the study of RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) VNTRs (variable number of tandem repeat sequence polymorphisms). As the most cutting-edge criminal biotechnology, DNA analysis for forensic physical evidence testing provides a scientific, reliable and fast means of identification of physical evidence from individual exclusion transition to the level of the same determination can be made, DNA testing can be directly identified as a crime, for the murder, rape and murder, broken bodies, rape and pregnancy cases and other major cases of difficult to provide an accurate and reliable basis for the detection. With the development and application of DNA technology, the detection of DNA marking system will become an important means and way to solve the case. This method as paternity testing is already very mature and internationally recognized as one of the best.　Accuracy of Paternity Testing DNA paternity testing is the most accurate method of paternity testing at present. If the child's genetic loci do not match the loci (at least 1) of the tested man, the man is 100% excluded from the blood relationship, i.e., he can never be the father of the child. If the loci of the child and its parents match, we can conclude that there is a greater than 99.99% probability of parentage, i.e., a proof of consanguineous parentage. Know whether you have family disease-causing genes People with a family history of cancer or polygenic genetic diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, high blood pressure, etc.) are the most important targets for genetic checkups. Through genetic checkups, these high-risk groups can find out whether they are genetically predisposed to diseases, so that they can be detected and prevented at an early stage, and make good adjustments to dietary health care and living habits to avoid the possibility of diseases. Correct choice of drugs to avoid wastage and adverse drug reactions Due to individual genetic differences, different people may have different reactions to foreign substances (e.g. drugs). Therefore, some patients may experience drug allergy, redness, swelling and rashes when using normal dosage of drugs, or when taking the same drug, some people may feel that it works wonders, while some others not only feel ineffective but also suffer from side-effects. Genetic checkups help to understand genetic fitness and assist in predicting possible drug reactions through the measurement of genes related to drug reactions. Provide the best basis for health risk management Many current adverse environmental factors, such as air, water and pesticide pollution, coupled with poor lifestyle habits such as smoking and drinking, can easily damage the body's genes and cause disease. People who have been exposed to these highly polluted environments for a long time or have bad living habits, as well as those who are currently in good health, can learn about their tendency to develop different diseases through genetic checkups, and make comprehensive life adjustments or interventions, with a view to reducing the risk of delaying the onset of diseases, thus achieving the goal of "personalized medical care, decoding health" advocated by Kikkoman. The aim is to reduce the risk and delay the occurrence of diseases, so as to achieve the "personalized medical treatment, decoding health" advocated by Kikang. Jiaozuo Aide Health Management Co., Ltd. announced that genetic testing to prevent disease