How to write an educational paper on the sense of responsibility of criminals?

With the increase of social violent crimes, the proportion of violent criminals in prisons is increasing day by day. The aggression of violent criminals in the reform has increasingly become the main hidden danger affecting the safety of supervision. The quality of education and reform of violent criminals directly affects whether the supervision and reform work can be carried out smoothly, and it is also related to social stability and long-term stability of the country. Psychological correction plays a leading and decisive role in the reform of violent criminals. Therefore, to reform violent criminals more effectively, we must first correct their psychology. Criminal psychology refers to the psychology of criminals who have been found guilty and sentenced by the people's court after a series of criminal proceedings and delivered to prisons, reeducation-through-labor places and juvenile delinquents' reformatories for execution of punishment. Strengthening the psychological reform of violent criminals is of great significance for ensuring the smooth progress of prison reform and social stability, enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of educational reform and improving the quality of reform. First, the psychological characteristics of the criminals who cling to the reform (1) Stubborn, extreme and resistant. Because violent criminals have long been dominated by unhealthy psychology, they are dissatisfied with the real society, especially the social system. They are opinionated in thought, contradictory, suspicious and negative in behavior, so their sense of repentance and repentance is poor in the transformation. Because of the low cognitive level, we can't correctly grasp and understand the whole and essence of things, and our ability to distinguish right from wrong is poor. Treat and look at things, often only look at a little, regardless of the rest. Under the control of their mistakes and extreme thoughts, most violent criminals take a positive attitude towards negative social phenomena. After being punished for violating the criminal law, they not only didn't realize the harm their criminal behavior caused to society, family and others, but mistakenly thought that society was unfair to them. In the process of reform, refusing and contradicting the policy of prison reform, refusing to obey the discipline of thousands of prisons, and even opposing all prison supervision activities led to serious anti-reform behavior. Communicating with people is prone to alienation, hostility and psychological distance. (2) Pessimism and world-weariness are prominent. Violent crimes generally have long sentences because of their great social harm. After being put into reform, most criminals show despair because of deep guilt and long sentences, which leads to distrust, rejection or inferiority. Some people feel that the sentence is long, the future is hopeless, and they are unhappy all day. Some criminals are complacent and backward, lacking a positive attitude towards self-reform, and their reputation is ruined and confused. Other criminals lock themselves up and refuse to contact with others, showing the symptoms of "mental illness" of stupidity, stupidity and stupidity. (3) The consciousness of reform is weak, the utilitarian thought highlights violent criminals, and the consciousness of reform is weak. In the process of reform, people often just want to get by, and the tendency of not making big mistakes and making small mistakes is obvious. In the process of transformation, utilitarian consciousness is prominent, and they only enjoy rights and do not fulfill their obligations. Some criminals even bargain with prisoners. Without benefits, without material benefits, we will passively transform. These criminals have completely forgotten their identity and obligations as criminals. (d) Emotional uncertainty, excitability, impulsiveness and great danger. Among violent criminals, most of them are young and middle-aged. A considerable number of these criminals are too excited about their nervous system, lack a sense of responsibility for society, collectives, families and others, have a weak sense of the rule of law, are impulsive, have poor self-control, and are reckless, sudden and dangerous. Many times, they may cause drastic changes in their mood because of very small things. Two. Countermeasures for Psychological Correction of Violent Criminals (I) Choosing a Suitable Psychological Correction Mode In practice, there are four main psychological correction modes for prison criminals in China: development mode, medical mode, reform mode and off-the-job training mode. The development model is health-oriented, and professional correctional workers treat criminals from the perspective of developing health, paying attention to tapping their psychological potential and improving their self-awareness and quality of life. In the medical model, professional orthodontists regard criminals as patients in the role of doctors and experts, pay attention to the diagnosis and analysis of criminals' psychological diseases, and make treatment plans. Reform mode is the most common psychological correction mode for prison criminals. It integrates psychological consultation, legal education and ideological education, takes psychological consultation and ideological education as the leading factor, and finds out the psychological status and ideological pulse of criminals through consultation, heart-to-heart talk and teaching, so as to promote the pertinence of reform. The main body of this reform model is relatively extensive. The last one is the all-staff training mode, which is not limited to professional psychological correction personnel. It means that all prison people participate in the psychological correction of criminals, focusing on the psychological training and development guidance of criminals, and asking them to improve the psychological strategy level of the reform of all staff. During the period of serving a sentence and in all reform occasions, we should fully assume the responsibility of psychological training for all prisoners, and scientifically incorporate psychological training and development guidance activities into daily reform work. Looking at the contents and characteristics of these four psychological correction modes, combined with the psychological characteristics of climbing criminals, the author thinks that the psychological reform of violent criminals should adopt the combination of development mode and reform mode. Violent criminals are stubborn and extreme, with a negative attitude towards life, pessimism, strong resistance and extremely unstable mood. These main psychological characteristics determine that in the reform of violent criminals, violence cannot be countered with violence. On the basis of finding problems, treating problems with the concept of equal development has stronger patience, tolerance and affinity than other criminals. Violent criminals generally have a bad personality and serve a long sentence, so it is impossible to correct their psychology at once. It should be carried out in stages according to the different characteristics of different periods. In the initial stage of putting violent criminals in prison, the reform mode should be the main mode, because at this stage, criminals have just entered prison and prison staff have not mastered their psychological characteristics in detail. Only after a period of observation can we find out the psychological characteristics that these criminals generally have and the individual characteristics of each criminal, so as to enhance the pertinence of correction work in the future. The reform model integrates psychological consultation, legal education and ideological education. In this correction model, the professional quality of correction workers is relatively low. The purpose of this correction mode is to find out the psychological status and ideological context of criminals and lay the foundation for targeted reform and correction in the future. During this period, violent criminals were initially reformed through legal education and ideological education. However, due to the low professional level of this correction model, some problems will be encountered in the actual correction process. For example, when talking with violent criminals, especially those who are negative, pessimistic and excitable, prison staff sometimes ignore their feelings. There will also be contradictions, and it is impossible to listen patiently and carefully to criminals. This is a common mistake in the actual operation of the reform model. Therefore, it is not enough to adopt this model only in the correction of violent criminals, which will make the correction work lose its pertinence. After the implementation of the reform model for a period of time, correctional workers have initially understood the overall and individual psychological characteristics of violent criminals. At this time, if the reform model is adopted again, the reform effect will never be achieved. Therefore, the reform model should be changed and the development model should be changed. This development reform model is very professional, and the main body of implementation is professional psychological counselors. In the process of correction, under the guidance of healthy psychology, we should tap the psychological potential of criminals and improve their self-awareness. In this reform mode, the correctional officers can grasp the psychological characteristics and personality characteristics of the clingy criminals, establish a good consultation relationship with the criminals in an equal capacity, pay great attention to respecting the criminals' personality and listen to their confidences, and will not label the criminals as "some kind of disease" at will, thus reducing the psychological burden of the criminals, reducing their resistance and letting them open their hearts in the conversation. Showing their true inner world, giving them advice as equal friends, giving them a deep sense of belonging, weakening their resistance and resistance, is conducive to further transformation. The biggest feature of this correction model is to fully respect the personality of violent criminals and communicate with them as equals. Correctors will not pretend to be experts, doctors, teachers and parents, and forcibly instill their own theories, viewpoints and values into criminals. This psychological correction mode is the best choice for psychological correction of violent criminals, and it is a suitable correction mode. (2) The combination of active punishment and passive correction, mainly active correction. Through the psychological characteristics of basic prisoners during prison reform, it can be seen that under the drive of these four main psychology, violent prisoners rarely take the initiative to go to the psychological counseling room of the prison to seek psychological counseling help. Pessimism and world-weariness make them treat everything in the outside world negatively, weak sense of reform makes them muddle along in prison, and strong resistance makes them unable to communicate with prison staff. Therefore, in this case, the psychological counseling room is useless to them. Some violent criminals may take the initiative to seek help, consultation or get good results while serving their sentences. But this is a minority after all. The increasing number of violent crimes and criminals has increased the difficulty of prison reform, and the difficulty of violent criminals has become a major obstacle to prison safety. Therefore, the reform of violent criminals should adopt appropriate psychological correction methods according to their psychological characteristics different from other criminals. Anti-social life attitude contrary to social norms is the essential feature of violent criminals, which is manifested in poor ideological quality and lack of serious life attitude and social responsibility. In dealing with the relationship between individuals and society, individuals and others, they pursue egoistic individualism, behave bohemian, ignore social norms and laws, and have a weak sense of obeying the law. When some criminals who are serving their sentences enter the special environment of prison, their anti-social consciousness does not disappear immediately, but will temporarily lurk. If they are not corrected in time, their anti-social psychological attitude may change to a malignant aspect and gradually expand. . Therefore, in the initial stage of the reform of violent criminals, prison corrections personnel should give full play to the initiative of reform, change the psychological correction mode of "violent criminals entering the clinic" instead of "consultants leaving the clinic", and let prison professional corrections personnel take the initiative to play a leading role in the initial stage of criminal correction. Correctors group criminals with similar or identical psychological characteristics according to the collective psychological characteristics and personality tendencies of basic criminals summarized in the early stage of reform, and make corresponding correction plans according to the psychological characteristics of each group of criminals. Correctors can be grouped into criminals, actively talk with them, and tap their inner goodness, so as to facilitate the smooth progress of the next reform work. In the process of communication, correctional officers should pay attention to the tone and intonation of conversation with them, carefully observe the emotional fluctuations of criminals, control their violent emotions, avoid conflicts with others, and maintain full patience and affinity. At this time, it is not suitable for correctional workers to adopt the medical model for correction, because labeling them as "some kind of disease" will intensify the contradiction between violent criminals and prison reform workers, deepen their rebellious psychology and enhance the difficulty of reform. After the prison staff actively communicate with violent criminals for a period of time, the psychology of some criminals may be improved. At this time, it is necessary to grasp their psychological characteristics that are easy to shake during this period, encourage them to communicate with others, and let them walk into the psychological counseling room themselves. At this stage, we should actively reform violent criminals, and professional corrections personnel should play the role of cooperation and help, so that criminals can give full play to their subjective initiative and take the initiative to reform themselves. In the process of actively reforming criminals, psychological correction workers supervise them to prevent their ideological and behavioral deviations in the process of correction. This stage should be the main stage of reform, with criminals as the center and human subjective initiative and humanity as the center. In this stage of education, prisoners and psychological correction workers no longer play the role of forming and preaching moral rights, but play the role of managers, organizers, directors, helpers and promoters. Criminals are the subject of information processing and the active constructors of meaning, not the passive recipients and indoctrinated objects of external stimuli. (3) The combination of criminal psychological correction and criminal habit correction highlights that the correction of violent criminals in prison by psychological correction is the correction of criminal habits of violent criminals through criminal psychological correction and criminal habit correction, and it is also a very important work criminal habit in the process of criminal reform, and it is a dynamic stereotype formed by long-term or repeated crimes. Often manifested as the behavior characteristics of recidivists and recidivists. Violent criminals with criminal habits are committing crimes. There is no need for external stimulation and other criminal incentives, and there is no obvious process of will selection, which is also an important reason for the increasing number of violent crimes and the rising recidivism rate. Once this habit is formed, violent criminals can easily keep the impulse to commit crimes, their criminal mode will always be dominant, and their guilt and sympathy will never be mobilized. Therefore, for violent criminals, psychological correction should be organically combined with criminal habit correction, mainly psychological correction, because if criminals are not psychologically corrected, it will be difficult to change their criminal habits. Through psychological correction, violent criminals can be psychologically reformed, forming a psychological mechanism of no longer committing crimes and self-awakening, changing incorrect social attitudes, reshaping and perfecting personality, establishing correct values, and forming their sense of guilt and sympathy for society. On the basis that criminals' psychology can be corrected, it is an objective result to change the dominant position of criminal behavior and make their guilt and sympathy dominate. Judging from the closed characteristics of imprisonment, it is a legal fact that criminals are deprived of their freedom, and most of them will return to society. Therefore, it requires violent criminals to correct their criminal habits and conduct new behavior training in prisons, such as strict discipline training, healthy collective life training and spiritual civilization training, in order to encourage violent criminals to cultivate appropriate motivation stereotypes to adapt to social life. Third, the problems and prospects of psychological correction of prisoners in China (1) At present, the psychological correction of basic prisoners in China ignores the differences among individuals. In theory and practice, it is basically at the level of introducing and imitating western models. In the practice of educating and reforming criminals, it is a common phenomenon to attach importance to group education and ignore individual differences. Although we also attach importance to individual education, this kind of individual education does not seriously and systematically study the personality characteristics, individual needs and value orientation of criminals, and lacks targeted educational measures. Most individual education is a mere formality. Therefore, in the process of psychological reform of criminals in the future, the pertinence of corrective measures will continue to increase. At present, the theory and practice of criminal psychological correction in China are basically at the level of introducing and imitating western theories and models. This kind of introduction and imitation is important, but we should pay attention to localization on the basis of introduction and imitation. The so-called "localization" means that while introducing foreign theories and methods of psychological correction, we should consider China's social background, traditional culture, social value orientation and China people's personality characteristics, and consider the successful experience and reality of China's criminal reform work to build a theoretical and methodological system suitable for China's national conditions. Therefore, on the basis of inheriting the traditional psychological correction methods, combined with the personality characteristics and psychological contradictions of violent criminals in China, the western theories and methods of psychological correction are appropriately reformed and adjusted, and the successful experience of reforming criminals in prisons in China for decades is summarized and applied to establish a unique psychological correction system and model for criminals in China. (2) There is still a lack of a high-quality professional team in China to carry out psychological correction for prisoners. At present, there is a lack of psychological professionals in the psychological correction of violent prisoners in prisons in China, and a few cadres correct a few criminals. Psychological counseling is limited to professional training rooms and consulting rooms. The above-mentioned all-staff training mode is put forward under this situation. All-staff training mode advocates the combination of traditional experience and psychological training, which affects climbing criminals in daily life and trivial matters and gradually changes criminals' positions and viewpoints. This mode of psychological correction of criminals is an ideal mode of criminal education and reform in China. The premise of this model is that every prison staff is a psychological professional, but also a manager and educator. However, at present, the overall quality of prison hard work and the number of prison psychological professionals in China are not suitable for establishing this reform model.