China's agriculture current cultivation status

China is the world's leading agricultural country, but also a relatively backward country in agriculture. In recent years, China's lagging agricultural development has also attracted the active attention of the state, to farmers in the policy, funding and technology have invested more support. But recently some of the agricultural aspects of a series of unfavorable news, can not help but let people once again seriously think about China's agricultural problems in which in the end, the way out and in what way? I have also made some thoughts on this issue, and finally summarized the following personal views.

One of the problems facing Chinese agriculture

First of all, from the agricultural business model

China's current most of the places are still intensive small farming business model, especially in some underdeveloped areas. This is a policy that was formulated in China in the last century and has been extended to the present day. Undeniably, this policy has played a great role in promoting the development of agriculture for a long period of time after it was formulated. But with the deep development of the market economy, especially after China's accession to the WTO, this model because of its lack of flexibility and inefficiency has become increasingly unable to adapt to the fierce competition in the market, the operation of the difficulties.

The market economy is characterized by the influence of the law of value on prices. This requires the agricultural business strategy to consider the overall situation, to develop a reasonable production structure, and according to changes in the market and timely changes in the variety and quantity of production, to withstand the ups and downs of the market. In contrast, operators in the smallholder economy business model often focus only on immediate benefits, deciding what to produce based on the current market conditions, and the products are very homogeneous and structurally very irrational. This may be in the short term gains will be more obvious, but because of the blind mass production, the product market quickly saturated, prices are falling rapidly, the harvest is not a good return after the operators can only then invest a lot of money to operate a new market on the current popular products, once again on the chase - & gt; lost - & gt; the strange circle of transfer (in fact, the transfer to the business model), the market is not the same. The strange circle of transferring (in fact, transferring is not necessarily get a good return, because the agricultural production cycle is usually longer, until after the transfer of product output is when that may be a completely different market). This seriously affects the competitiveness of the country's agricultural market, and in the long term will also affect the incentives of producers. This year, the emergence of Guangdong's lychee harvest but to sell cheaply, a large number of winter melon stagnation, the phenomenon of increased production without increasing income is largely due to this reason.

Secondly, from the production process

Most of China's current agricultural production is still stuck in the rough low-level stage, science and technology investment is very limited, resulting in China's agriculture is facing the following embarrassing situation.

First of all, the output of agricultural products is unstable, and operators depend on the weather. The yield of agricultural products is greatly affected by the weather and climate, and the current operator's technology is not enough to avoid the harm so as to achieve a stable yield, it is often the wind and rain is a good year yield, the income is relatively high, otherwise. The above mentioned: the big year when all operators get a bumper harvest, but supply exceeds demand, the price does not go up. Small year when the harvest is not good, so the operators work hard all year down, after removing a lot of fertilizer, pesticides and other inputs, the money that can end up in the pockets of the operators will not be much.

Secondly, low productivity, poor product quality and weak market competitiveness. Many parts of China's current agricultural production mechanization, automation is still very low, especially in some areas of the western region that is even more so, the productivity of natural and those developed agricultural countries is difficult to compare. The problem brought about by low productivity is that it is difficult to form economies of scale. Also, due to rough production techniques, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, the excessive use of our agricultural products in the quality of the quality can not be guaranteed, from the agricultural products of pesticides exceeded the frequency of reports can be seen. Under the premise of market economy, the product cost-effective to a large extent determines how much of the market share of the product. According to the survey: China's fruit quality fruit only accounted for about 40% of the total output, can reach the standard of gift fruit products only accounted for about 5% of the total output, a large number of lower and medium fruit, especially the appearance of the worse. Also according to the survey: the average CIF price of imported apples is about 3.90 yuan / kg, citrus for 4.00 yuan / kg, bananas for 1.90 yuan / kg, with similar fruit wholesale price level in China is comparable to the overall quality of the overall quality of the obviously higher. The price is almost the same, the quality is not as good as others, in order to survive our products must be sold at a lower price. In fact, the current market retail price of imported fruits is similar to domestic fruits two times or even higher.

Lastly, there is the technical problem of storage and preservation of agricultural products. This affects the development of the market for our products, and it is difficult to make new breakthroughs in sales.

Finally, from the marketing strategy

Traditional agricultural producers tend to focus on a large number of blind production, but not involved in the completion of the production of the sales problem, resulting in production and marketing disconnect. This producers will not be able to grasp the market information in a timely manner, according to subtle changes in the market to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Sometimes the product stagnation is not because of the imbalance between supply and demand, but the problem of marketing strategy.

Traditional operators ignore the brand image is to establish. A good brand image is a huge intangible asset, is a good guarantee of sales. However, the agricultural market is still difficult to find very popular in the minds of consumers have a certain position in the local agricultural brand, even if there is, it is likely to appear in the product production process did not put a good quality, which led to a decline in brand image, their own smashed their own signboard situation.

Another problem is that most of China's agricultural products are traded on the market as primary products, with no focus on the value of the products to be further explored - the lack of deep processing of the products. The deep processing of the product can not only enhance the added value of the product itself, but also increase the diversity of the product, broaden the market, improve the competitiveness of the market and adaptability.

Second, my proposal

From the above, it seems that China is currently facing a lot of problems. To achieve the modernization of agriculture there is still a long way to go. To speed up the pace of agricultural development I think the most important and effective way is to actively build township enterprises and encourage the development of agricultural product processing industry. This will, on the one hand, introduce an active market competition mechanism for our agricultural production, increase the sales of agricultural products and market competitiveness, and, on the other hand, absorb a large number of surplus labor in the countryside and promote the reform and progress of the agricultural business model.

In addition, the government's increased technical support for agriculture (including increasing the supply of production materials such as inexpensive production machinery and good varieties, sending senior technical instructors, and offering training courses) and the formulation of preferential policies for agricultural production, marketing and transportation will all have a positive effect on the progress of agriculture.

What is the current situation of agricultural fertilization in China?

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According to the National Soil Fertilizer Technology Division of the Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, China's arable land accounts for about 9% of the world's area, the average annual use of fertilizers is about 50 million tons (equivalent to the amount of pure fertilizer), accounting for about 35% of the world's fertilizer consumption, the use of different regions of the efficiency of the existence of a large difference, especially in the eastern coastal areas of the phenomenon of excessive fertilizer application, which not only leads to a waste of fertilizer resources, but also brings serious pollution of arable land The problem is not only the waste of fertilizer resources, but also the serious pollution of arable land.

In recent years, under the support of the national agricultural policy, farmers planted grain enthusiasm greatly improved, fertilizer demand has been to maintain a rapid growth trend. Driven by the strong market demand, China's total fertilizer production also increased year by year. Although China is a large producer of fertilizer, but also the world's largest consumer of fertilizer, in addition to excessive production of nitrogen fertilizer, but also need to import a large number of phosphate and potash to make up for the shortfall. Since 2005, under the objective conditions of rising fertilizer prices due to increased production costs, over-fertilization, low fertilizer utilization and other factors directly lead to an increase in the cost of fertilizer per acre of land more than ten yuan.

In a long period of time in the future, China will be through the promotion of soil testing and formulation of fertilizer technology, measurement, adjustment of land nutrient composition, improve the structure of the use of fertilizers, and promote the use of high-concentration composite fertilizers, and gradually improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and the productivity of the land.