The development trend of tea set (interpreting the evolution of tea culture from the change of tea set)

In recent years, tea culture fever has arisen, and the team of tea culture scholars is also booming. Many historical truths about tea are naturally inseparable from textual research in various ways. In the long history of 5,000 years, the development of tea culture has been constantly innovating, and many unearthed cultural relics have given the most powerful evidence for the study of tea industry. So far, the cultural relics related to tea have been found, including tea leaves, tea seeds and tea sets. Tea set is the most important and important part. Many experts explore and understand the development of tea culture and all aspects of society through different tea sets in different periods. There is a tea set when drinking tea. Today's research results of tea culture can not be separated from the comprehensive presentation and in-depth study of tea culture relics.

Tea culture is an important part of China traditional culture, and tea set is an important part of tea culture. The development of tea culture has promoted the development of tea sets, and tea sets in different periods have been branded in different times, which makes tea sets show different characteristics. The evolution of the material, variety, modeling and style of tea set is closely related to the characteristics of the times, national customs and aesthetic taste. Whether rough or exquisite, to some extent, the function of tea set is not only to hold tea, but also to contain contemporary culture, provide aesthetic objects, enhance tea interest and help tea flourish.

As a cultural art, tea ceremony pays attention to fine tea, real water, living fire and exquisite utensils. As the saying goes, famous tea and exquisite utensils complement each other.

When did the tea set start? At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Bao's Yue Yue said that "all teas are ripe". It is not clear whether there is a special tea set. There is a saying in the biography of the old man in Guangling: "In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, an old woman went to the market with a teapot every morning, and all the people in the city came to bid. From Dan to Xi, its utensils have not decreased. " The tea mentioned by the old woman is probably a container for food and used as a tea set. There are two lines in Zuo Si's poem "Nv Jiao": "Stop for tea and brag about the tripod", and "tripod" was also a food container at that time, not a tea set. Jin Dynasty football player "Four Kings Uprising" recorded that Jin Huidi fled after being killed and returned to Luoyang. There was a servant who "served tea in a pottery bowl at dusk, and the supreme drink was better." Tea is served in an earthenware bowl, that is, an earthenware bowl for food. Obviously, before the Tang Dynasty, tea sets and utensils were mixed together.

There is no doubt that the development of tea art in Han and Jin dynasties is still relatively slow, and it has been moving along a curve of earthenware, hard pottery and glazed pottery. The earliest tea set was used with wine vessels and tableware, and it was a kind of pottery pot with a small mouth and a big belly.

Glazed pottery

In recent years, a batch of Eastern Han porcelain was unearthed in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, including bowls, cups, pots and other tea sets. Archaeologists believe that this is the earliest porcelain tea set in the world. Tea in this period includes celadon bowls, pottery stoves, copper pots, celadon pots, pottery mortar and so on. Celadon bowls are used for drinking tea, pottery stoves are used for cooking tea, copper pots are used for holding tea soup, celadon pots are used for storing tea, and pottery mortars are used for grinding tea. The porcelain industry in the Jin Dynasty developed further, mainly firing celadon, with porcelain tea sets accounting for the main share.

The main tea leaves are celadon pots (utensils for holding tea soup), celadon perforated pots (utensils for baking tea leaves) and celadon cover boxes (boxes for storing tea leaves). The methods of drinking tea in this period are similar, and the tea drinking utensils in different places are similar.

In the Han Dynasty, tea spread from Bashu to the vast areas of the Central Plains, and the tea-producing areas continued to expand. Tea drinking has gradually developed from the upper class to the folk, and tea drinking is more common. From the beginning of drinking tea, there was the etiquette of offering tea to guests, and it became a common etiquette in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. As an important material carrier of tea culture, tea set is an important gestation stage in this period. The cultural roots of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism and the social background of national integration provide rich nutrition for the development of tea set art, which makes tea culture have the characteristics of unity of utensil civilization and Chinese cultural inheritance from the beginning.

The Tang Dynasty was the most prosperous period of economy and culture in the history of China. With the harmonious coexistence of all ethnic groups, social stability and economic prosperity, the wind of drinking tea is also surging. Under the influence of this social atmosphere, China tea set was separated from food containers and wine containers for the first time and became a system of its own, which laid a solid foundation for the further development of tea tasting culture.

Tang Wenhua is extensive and profound, and the cultures of all classes have been fully developed, which can also be reflected in the development of tea sets in this period. Because the custom of drinking tea is spread all over the country, tea drinking utensils are highly valued, and specialized tea drinking utensils manufacturing industry has also emerged. Besides the tea set used by the literati, the court tea set and folk tea set also contributed to the development of tea culture in China. Palace tea, tea set luxury, extremely sophisticated materials, production is quite sophisticated. Every tea set is a rare artistic treasure in the world.

The styles of folk tea set and court tea set are in sharp contrast, simple and practical. As a status symbol, tea set is more meaningful than as a tool.

In the Tang Dynasty, tea sets were separated from food containers and wine containers and formed their own system. The special use of tea set began in Tang Dynasty, and Lu Yu made great contribution to the finalization and serialization of tea set. Lu Yu listed 28 kinds of tea-cooking, tea-drinking and moxibustion instruments in the Book of Tea, including five kinds of air stoves, grey bowls, pots, charcoal cans and fire clips for internal fire, and two kinds of tea-cooking instruments: clips, paper bags, grinders and beds. From the perspective of modern people, it seems difficult to understand that there are so many complicated utensils for drinking a cup of tea.

But in the eyes of the ancients, it is an inevitable process to complete certain etiquette and make tea drinking better and more exquisite. It can be seen that the ancients paid attention to drinking tea. Drinking tea is not only a material enjoyment, but also a spiritual mood. It shows that people not only drink tea, but also taste tea, including the evaluation of tea sets. Tea sets in the Tang Dynasty are rich and colorful, including Yue porcelain as ice as jade, Xing porcelain as silver as snow, yellow glaze, black glaze and colored glaze porcelain.

The most typical and representative tea set in Tang Dynasty is undoubtedly a set of royal gold and silver tea sets with extremely high specifications and exquisite craftsmanship, which was unearthed in Famen Temple in Famen Town, north of Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province 17 km. According to research, this tea set was made in Xian Tong between nine and twelve years, and it is a real furniture. Very well preserved, it is the earliest, most perfect and exquisite tea set cultural relic found in the world so far.