Introducing the Hakka culture in Guidong

Guidong Hakka culture is charming (a) Guidong area has more than 400,000 Hakka people, Hakka people in Guidong counties, due to the natural environment of life, social experience and other aspects of the different, in the customs and culture also reflects both **** sex also has the characteristics of the individuality. We are trying to Guidong Hakka people's customs and culture to make a brief description, for Hakka research experts and scholars to provide some survey material, to promote Hakka research in-depth contribution to the effort.

North-South integration of holiday customs

Gui Dong, Guangxi Hakka people have long lived with Yao, Zhuang and other brother ethnic groups, the formation of colorful festival culture. Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Ching Ming, June 6, Mid-Yuan, Mid-Autumn, Winter Solstice, send Zao Wang and other festivals, is the traditional Hakka festivals, Hakka living in Gui Dong all over the world also has their own characteristics.

(a) Cow King Festival. Gui Dong Hakka people have always been agriculture-based, farming-based, have special feelings for cattle, Zhaoping, Mengshan Hakka people around the area, the annual lunar April 8 as the "Cow King Festival". Zhaoping Hakka people on the eighth day of April, every family kills chickens and ducks, brewing glutinous rice sweet wine, men and women in red and green young people singing and dancing to celebrate the festival. On this day, all the oxen are "on vacation", exempt from all farming, and are honored by their owners. Mengshan Hakka families in this day to the cattle to the river side of the clean, cut the grass to eat a full meal, but also prepared three sacrificial offerings to the cattle King She, praying to the cattle King God of the cattle shelter, do not descend on the cattle disaster and disease. Zhaoping Hakka families bring fish, meat, wine, fruits and other offerings to the cattle pen in the afternoon to pay homage and "invoke the soul of the cattle". After the worship, some of the offerings are fed to the cows. Legend has it that in ancient times, the ancestors of cows were born on the eighth day of the fourth month. April 8th over the "Cow King Festival", Guidong region, Fuchuan, Zhongshan, Cenxi, Fuji County Hakka people have this custom.

(2) Spring Festival. This is the grandest festival of the year Guidong Hakka people, during the festival with chicken, duck, fish and meat to entertain guests, dragon dance, lion dance singing opera, visiting friends and relatives lively. And the first day of the year is all over the Hakka *** with the taboo meat day. Mengshan Hakka people on the first day of the year, to the south of the powder, fungus, cauliflower three flavors for vegetarian dishes, are not allowed to eat zongzi, it is said that peeled zongzi leaves to eat zongzi, this year's chickens will not grow hair. Hexian Hakka also stipulates that the first day of the year can not enter the vegetable garden picking vegetables, or vegetable garden will cause insects. Zhaoping Hakka people are not only not allowed to kill the chicken on the first day of the year to eat chicken, but also not allowed to curse the chicken. Mengshan Hakka people on the first day of the speech but also pay attention to the "colorful", such as "used up" to say "with the happy", small children accidentally broken dishes can not be scolded, to say "The ground is blooming" or "peace year after year", Hakka daughter-in-law to pick the first water to bring paper money to buy New Year's water. Hexian Hakka people there is the first day of the year shall not scratch matches fire taboo, can only be retained on the thirtieth night in the stove in the ashes of the fire, the thirtieth night to save kindling, said "stay kind of", to stay kindling fire said the continuation of the auspicious incense and fire. Hexian area Hakka people are also part of the beginning of the second year to avoid meat.

(C) Lantern Festival. Mengshan, Buchuan Hakka people also called the Lantern Festival. Bucheon Lantern Festival from the first ten to fifteen, lasting six days. The tenth for the upper lamp day, fifteen for the lower lamp day. In addition to watching dragon and lion dances and theater, the main thing is to see the lanterns. Mengshan Hakka people are called hanging lanterns, the 15th day of the first month in the hall in the center of the hanging, only when the family added a male family can be in the hall hanging lanterns, called "add lights", to thank the gods to give the child and ask the gods to bless the child, but also to show that the family is thriving and the glory of the ancestors. In recent years, Buchuan Hakka and the local ethnic groups have broken the rule that only boys can be on the lamp, then, each of them in the street belonging to the God building hanging signed with the "virtuous child XX", "virtuous daughter XX" of the horse lanterns, lotus lanterns, octagonal lanterns, carp lanterns. All kinds of lanterns competing, colorful, extremely spectacular, showing the civilization of the Hakka people on the concept of childbearing and childrearing.

(4) February 2nd. Gui Dong area Hakka people called "February 2" for the Land Festival, the Hakka people migrated and settled in the village side of the construction of land temples. Every year on the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar, the Hakka people prepare boiled three sacrificial offerings, bring incense and candles, paper money and other offerings to the village side of the land temple offerings. The offerers pay homage to the Land Temple, and the scene is solemn. The Land Festival is a festival of worshiping the gods in order to seek protection from the gods of the land and to live and work in peace and contentment. Hexian Hakka people in the Land Festival to do patties to put Tong Li Ye, the legend is that eating is not afraid of Lei Gong called.

(E) Qingming Festival. This is a larger festival of the Hakka people, one to visit the graves of the deceased ancestors, and the second to the distant ancestors. This is the traditional festival of all ethnic groups. Hakka people in Hexian must make mochi and hair cake for the Qingming Festival. Fat cake means prosperity and development, and add Ding hair wealth; mochi has a "booming" meaning, Mengshan Hakka Qingming graves, favorite new friends to, called "do Ya".

Mengshan Hakka people do Qingming, kill the chicken to drop "chicken blood paper", "chicken blood paper" with adobe pressed on the grave and the back of the soil, the first to put the head of the grave and put the back of the soil, burn incense and set up the offerings are also so successive. After the offerings are made, some of the three sacrificial offerings should be kept and taken home, which is called "Bringing Blessings Back Home". After making offerings to the graveyard, the person who does the Qingming should come back straight, and should not bring the offerings into other people's houses, and should not eat the offerings with other people in other people's homes so as to avoid the blessing into other people's houses, and should not eat the offerings with other people in other people's homes so as to avoid the blessing into other people's homes. Do Qingming back to the offerings to be placed in front of the Zaojun tablets, which is considered to be the "blessing" brought back.

(F) gun period. Temples around the world are scheduled to have a session, grab the firecracker activities held during the session, the Hakka people called the gun period. Guangxi Zhuang, Yao, Han, etc. have the custom of grabbing the flowers and cannons, grab the content of the flowers and cannons, the method is similar.

The Hakka people of Zhaoping Beituo in Gui Dong area originated from the end of the Ming Dynasty, and it was held at the Dragon Temple on the tenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it that during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, to commemorate the Chen Fang generals Wang, Yang, Ou, Asia, four people won the battle, in order to celebrate the victory, the four people died drinking, near and far, the masses are in the tenth day of the first month of the first large-scale rituals, so the formation of the Cannonball period. Beituo Hakka Cannon period is different from others, set up a few "sub-cannon" are the dragon temple of the king, Yang, Europe, Asia, the four idols. Held once a year, which village grabbed which idol will be taken back by which village to worship, the next year to carry back to grab again. At that time, each village sent strong men to participate in the robbery. The one who snatched it is the owner of this year's cannon. Cannon snatchers less dozens of people, more than hundreds of people. The villages send God team flags fluttering, eight drums and music, onlookers is a sea of people, not lively.

In the past, the Hakka people of Mengshan to participate in the grabbing of flowers and cannons divided into four kinds of Ding, wealth, noble, life. By the temples public launched the person in charge of hosting. Once every three years. Attached to the city Fushan Temple is May 28, West River Deng Temple is August 16, the new Wei Guanyin Temple is February 19th. Before grabbing the firecrackers and burning incense kowtow, please God blessing ceremony, grab what kind of firecrackers before the temple will be long set. If it is to grab the blessing to add a flower gun, no male child on the idea of going to grab, the family is rich on the money to help people to help grab. Poor family on the organization of friends and relatives to help rob, after the scramble, the winner invited people to carry the flower screen home, placed in the left of the hall, the lion dance eight sound team followed, firecrackers, the winner of the couple kneeling in front of the flower screen. The ceremony of robbing the cannon into the house is completed, the three-year period expired, the winner will be sent back to the temple, ready for the next cannon period.

Now Guidong area Hakka cannon period, generally only cannon and not snatch the cannon, in order to prevent disputes caused by armed fighting.