Present situation of coal in China

China is rich in coal resources, which are distributed in all provinces except Shanghai, but the distribution is extremely uneven. The area between Daxing 'anling, Taihang Mountain and Helan Mountain in northern China includes all or most of the six provinces of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Henan, and the coal resources are concentrated, accounting for about 50% of the national coal resources and more than 55% of the northern coal resources. In southern China, coal resources are mainly concentrated in Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, with a total coal resource of 352.574 billion tons, accounting for 965.438+0.47% of the total coal resources in southern China. The proven reserves also account for more than 90% of the proven reserves in southern China.

In 2007, the newly proven reserves of energy minerals in China increased significantly, with 62 large-scale deposits 17 major minerals added, including 4 large-scale deposits in coal, including 4 extra-large deposits 14 with resource reserves exceeding 10 billion tons, with a net increase of 44.8 billion tons. The proven coal reserves in China are 7241.1.60 billion tons, of which the proven reserves in production and construction are 1.86822 billion tons and the unexplored reserves are 453.896 billion tons.

During February 2006 1-65438+, the total industrial output value of China coal mining and washing industry reached 6,988,2961.9 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.45%. Accumulated product sales revenue was 709,234.867 million yuan, up 23.72% year-on-year, and accumulated profit was 67,726.662 million yuan, up 25.34% year-on-year.

From June 5438 to February 65438, 2007, the total industrial output value of China coal mining and washing industry reached 916447509,000 yuan, up by 28.06% year-on-year. During 2008 1- 1, the total industrial output value of coal mining and washing industry in China reached 1,155383579,000 yuan, up 57.8 1% year-on-year.

The 11th Five-Year Plan period is the best period for structural adjustment and industrial transformation of the coal industry. Coal is the basic energy in China, accounting for about 70% of primary energy. The 11th Five-Year Plan proposal has further established the basic strategy of "focusing on coal and diversified development", laying a foundation for the prosperity and development of China's coal industry. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of new coal mines was about 300 million tons, of which 200 million tons were put into production, and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" was 654.38 billion tons. China's coal industry will continue to develop vigorously, and the development prospect of China's coal industry will be very broad for a long time to come.

According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs, from 2065438 to August 2004, China's coal import volume dropped to18.86 million tons, a decrease of18.1%,a year-on-year decrease of 27.3%, which has been falling for six consecutive months, and the decline has further expanded.

20 15 12 1, according to the website of Shaanxi provincial government, in order to solve the problems of insufficient demand and low price in the coal market, Yulin actively innovates the regional cooperation mechanism, builds the terminal sales market and smoothes the transportation network. In 20 15 and1-0/0 years, Yulin sold 3 10/00000 tons of coal, including 0/100000 tons of coal in Hebei province, 40 million tons in Shanxi province, 28 million tons in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province. China, with its vast territory and rich products, is an important material foundation for the Chinese nation to thrive, develop and grow, and stand among the nations of the world. Among the discovered 142 minerals, coal occupies a particularly important position, with abundant resources and wide distribution. The coalfield covers an area of about 550,000 square kilometers, ranking among the top coal-producing countries in the world.

The geological age of coal-accumulating period in China is as follows: Early Paleozoic and Early Cambrian: Late Paleozoic and Early Carboniferous, Late Carboniferous-Early Permian and Late Permian; Mesozoic Late Triassic, Early and Middle Jurassic, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic Tertiary. Among them, the four coal-accumulating periods of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, Late Permian, Early Middle Jurassic and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous have the strongest coal-accumulating effect. China's coal-bearing strata are all over the country, including Proterozoic, Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and all provinces (regions) have coalfields with different sizes and economic values.

The coal-accumulating period and coal-bearing strata in China are distributed in six coal-accumulating areas in North China, South China, Northwest China, Southwest China (Yunnan, Tibet), Northeast China and Taiwan Province Province.

In the Strategic Action Plan for Energy Development (20 14-2020) released on 20/4, the State Council decided to focus on the construction of northern Shaanxi, Jinzhong, Jindong, northern Shaanxi, Huanglong, Ningdong, Luxi, Huaibei, Yunnan-Guizhou, Jizhong, Henan, eastern Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The data shows that the output of 14 large coal base in 20 13 is 3.36 billion tons, accounting for 9 1% of the national total output. First, the market development analysis-industry supply and demand balance

Coal is mainly used in electric power, steel, cement and chemical industries. Judging from the growth of major coal-consuming industries in the downstream, the monthly output growth rate has declined, but it still remains at a high level. From June 5438 to August, the thermal power output was 222 1 1 100 million kwh, up by18.47% year-on-year; The output of pig iron was 403.63 million tons, up12.76% year-on-year; Cement output1178.48 million tons, up14.66% year-on-year; The output of synthetic ammonia was 34.39 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.93%.

From June to August, the output of raw coal was 2164.85 million tons, up by 18. 10% year-on-year, of which the output in August was 295.8 million tons, up by 13. 10% year-on-year and up by 0.27% quarter-on-quarter. The output of coal did not significantly exceed the growth rate of downstream demand. Judging from the growth rate of supply and demand, there is no oversupply. According to the forecast of Bohai Securities, the demand level of coal this year is about 3.25 billion tons, and the supply level is about 3.24 billion tons. Supply and demand are basically balanced throughout the year.

-The fundamentals of the whole industry may remain stable in the fourth quarter.

Since the central government has incorporated energy conservation and consumption reduction into the binding assessment indicators of all localities, in order to ensure the completion of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" energy-saving targets, some areas have begun to take mandatory measures such as limiting production and electricity or shutting down high-energy-consuming industries, so the energy demand in the fourth quarter may face some pressure than before.

However, the fourth quarter is the northern winter heating season and the traditional peak season for coal sales. The purchase and sale of winter coal storage is gradually starting, and the downstream power plants are more active in replenishing stocks, and the market transactions will gradually become active, and the sales volume may increase.

The two factors are superimposed, and it is expected that the coal price will remain stable in the fourth quarter and may maintain a small fluctuation trend. However, if meteorologists predict that Europe will encounter the lowest temperature in winter once in a thousand years, it may affect the price trend and the relationship between supply and demand in the coal industry. Second, the analysis of market characteristics 1, ultra-high coal stocks once again suppressed coal supply and demand and prices. In the first ten days of June 5438+ 10, the coal inventory of national key power generation enterprises climbed to the super-high level of 62.3 million tons again, and the available days of inventory also exceeded 2 1 day. This situation not only significantly reduces the pressure on power enterprises to "store coal in winter", but also suppresses the supply, demand and price of thermal coal.

2. The expectation of "cold winter" and the coal reserve in winter may add vitality. After entering 10, it is the "winter storage" season of coal. Although the coal inventory of power enterprises is still at a high level at present, the pressure of "winter storage" is not great, but due to the high probability of "cold winter", it may have a positive impact on coal supply and demand in winter.

3. The supporting effect of coal import on domestic coal supply and demand may decline. The judgment that coal import will support domestic coal supply and demand in the coming period is based on two factors. First, considering all aspects, the international coal supply and transportation environment is developing in a direction that is not conducive to China's coal imports, which will bring variables to coal imports in the coming period. Since September, the price of Australian thermal coal has gradually increased, and Indonesian coal with low calorific value has increasingly become the first choice for China's coal imports, pushing up the export price of Indonesian coal. Secondly, in 2009, China's coal imports reached111138,000 tons,12,653,000 tons and 1638 respectively.

4.20 15, 10, 13 According to the latest data released by the General Administration of Customs, 20 15,156.36 million tons of coal were imported nationwide, a year-on-year decrease of 66.47 million tons and a decrease of 29.83%. In addition, in September of 20 15, China exported 730,000 tons of coal and lignite, an increase of 290,000 tons year-on-year, and the monthly export volume was the highest since July of 20 13. Although the import volume is decreasing and the export volume is increasing, the contradiction of oversupply in the domestic coal market is still outstanding. First, favorable factors

1, policy. Generally speaking, firstly, at the beginning of 2008, due to multiple factors, such as the freezing rain and snow disaster, insufficient peak transportation capacity in Spring Festival travel rush, the suspension of production and rectification of some coal mines and early holidays, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Communications respectively issued urgent notices to ensure the supply of coal and the transportation of materials. Second, when the price of coal, especially thermal coal, rose rapidly in the middle of the year, the State Council issued an announcement to ensure the supply of thermal coal, and the National Development and Reform Commission conducted temporary price-intervention on thermal coal twice. Third, starting from the long-term healthy development of the coal industry, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Land and Resources have strengthened the management of paying the price of mining rights by stages in the reform pilot; The State Council raises coal export tariffs; The National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau issued a notice on the plan to close small coal mines three years after the 11th Five-Year Plan.

2. In terms of technology. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, modern new ideas, new processes and new technologies have continuously penetrated into the field of coal science and technology, which has effectively promoted the rapid development of coal science and technology. First of all, the level of exploration and mining technology has been continuously improved. Second, the level of equipment has been improved, and great achievements have been made in the construction of high-yield and efficient mines. Third, coal mine gas, fire protection and other safety production technologies have been continuously improved. Fourthly, clean coal technology has accelerated the development of comprehensive processing and utilization of resources.

Second, unfavorable factors.

1, the fluctuation of coal market increased.

Coal price is influenced by many factors, and market supply and demand is the most important factor. In 2009, China's pre-investment in coal will be released in a centralized way. In the short term, the scale of coal mine construction is too large, the pressure of overcapacity is increasing, and the demand is relatively insufficient. In the short term, the macro-economic development slows down, and the demand for coal in power and other industries declines. The investment in coal fixed assets has increased rapidly for more than five years, the construction scale has been expanding and the production capacity has increased rapidly. The continuous completion and release of these production capacities will aggravate the pressure of overcapacity.

2, the country's requirements for safe production to improve a, market competition risk.

With the deepening of marketization, coal construction enterprises have also pushed to the market, but the management system of coal construction enterprises has not changed much, and the mechanism is not alive. Whether the coal construction project can be fully and smoothly implemented is the key to solve the relationship between the project and the enterprise. The responsibility between the project and the enterprise is unclear, the relationship is vague, the incentive is insufficient, the constraint is lax, and there are too many uncertain factors, which seriously affects the normal implementation of coal project construction management. Only innovation in coal engineering construction management can meet the needs of modern enterprise system construction.

The phenomenon that coal construction enterprises compete excessively in project bidding and win the bid at a low price is still widespread. Coal construction enterprises can not fully operate according to the laws of market economy, some laws and regulations are not perfect, and there are many human factors, policy orientation, industry behavior and even gray transactions. However, the trend of market economy is unstoppable, and the gradual improvement and internationalization of coal construction market will inevitably require our coal construction project management to innovate constantly to adapt to the laws of market economy.

The bidding risk is similar to the market risk of general manufacturing industry. After the implementation of the bidding system in China's construction field, construction enterprises will basically strive for winning the bid in the form of bidding quotation. In order to obtain engineering projects, the competition among enterprises is very fierce. If an enterprise can't get the project, there will be no profit, and the people, money and materials paid by the bidding can only be paid by the bidding enterprise. If the bid is won at a low price or there are unfavorable clauses in the bidding documents, or there are calculation errors, omissions, improper fees, or losses caused by management errors due to other reasons, coupled with irregular operation and abnormal factors in the bidding market, it will bring great risks to the contracting enterprises.

Second, the raw material pressure risk analysis

First, the natural occurrence conditions of coal seams; The second is the management level of producers; Third, the attitude towards the national coal resources; Fourthly, the complexity of mining technology; Fifth, occupy mining investment and so on. The technical level and management level of township coal mines are low, the mining facilities are simple, the capital occupation is small, the coal resources are not cherished enough, and the production cost of raw coal is much lower than that of state-owned coal mines. Township coal mines are about 50% lower, and some are even lower than 65%. Therefore, township coal mines have the advantage of low-price competition. Excessive low-price competition is extremely unfavorable for state-owned coal enterprises to turn losses into profits and long-term development. Coal and electricity are closely related upstream and downstream industries, and the coal consumption of power enterprises accounts for more than half of the national coal consumption. The coal-electricity joint venture model has been widely recognized. Coal is the main energy source in China. For a long time, coal from west to east, coal from north to south. Because the layout of resources cannot be changed, we must use market mechanism to solve the contradiction between coal and electricity, promote the integration of coal and electricity, and promote industrial integration. There are various modes of coal-electricity joint venture, such as establishing a pit power plant in the coal mine location, changing "coal transportation" into "power transmission", accelerating the development of UHV power transmission, increasing the proportion of coal-electricity conversion in situ, and reducing the pressure of coal transportation. Secondly, coal-fired power enterprises can also sign long-term coal supply and demand agreements and carry out strategic cooperation between coal-fired power enterprises. Thirdly, large coal enterprises and power generation enterprises can form coal-electricity integrated enterprises through mutual equity participation. Finally, coal-fired power enterprises can promote the strategic cooperation of coal-fired power enterprises through asset restructuring, joint listing and mergers and acquisitions.

On June 20 15, Inner Mongolia issued the Notice on Supporting the Restructuring of Coal Transformation Enterprises and Coal Production Enterprises. It was announced that the upstream and downstream reorganization of coal enterprises in Inner Mongolia kicked off, and many coal enterprises and power enterprises reached cooperation intentions to resolve the problem of overcapacity. The purpose is to effectively resolve the overcapacity of coal and promote the reorganization and merger of coal-fired power plants. The rapid development of many industries in China is based on low electricity price, low coal price and high energy consumption. The increase in coal market price reflects the excessive energy consumption of these industries. We should make up our minds to control the excessive growth of energy-intensive industries, improve industrial policies, speed up the adjustment of industrial structure, curb unreasonable energy demand, and effectively change the mode of economic development. On the one hand, it is necessary to tighten the threshold for high-energy-consuming industries and overheated industries in terms of project license, land, environmental protection and credit supply. On the other hand, reform the formation mechanism of resource prices as soon as possible, so that resource prices can fully reflect the scarcity of resources and environmental costs, and make improving energy utilization efficiency a conscious behavior of enterprises.

Accelerate the reform of resource taxes and fees.

Reforming China's resource tax system, from quantitative collection to ad valorem collection, and implementing the paid use of resources based on reserves and linked with recovery rate, on the one hand, it increases the difficulty of obtaining coal resources, increases the early investment and financial cost of coal production, and makes it impossible for coal mines to blindly expand production scale; On the other hand, it will make coal production enterprises cherish resources more, save resources, allocate and mine more scientifically and reasonably, and to some extent curb the behavior of "concentrating fat and thin" and blindly increasing production. Northeast Asia Coal Trading Center was established in July 2009, dedicated to promoting the construction and development of the coal market system, and establishing a highly information-based, standardized and open coal electronic trading platform and coal supply chain service platform.

With the profound changes in the coal industry environment and the acceleration of the marketization process, Northeast Asia Coal Trading Center has put forward the vision of "becoming the world's leading coal industry integrator", and clearly put forward the strategic positioning of "building the service standard of coal trading and coal supply chain, optimizing the resource allocation of coal industry, promoting the efficient coordination of industrial value chain, and promoting the construction and development of coal market system" as its mission.

Relying on the world's major coal producing areas such as China, Mongolia, North Korea, Russian Far East, Viet Nam, Indonesia and Australia, and radiating the major coal consumption markets in Northeast Asia, we will provide an open, efficient and credible coal spot trading service platform through intensive trading platforms and electronic trading systems. At the same time, through the introduction and integration of professional service providers such as finance and logistics, it provides services such as information, warehouse receipt pledge supervision, prepayment, settlement, inventory management, agent procurement and settlement.