The development track of cultural anthropology theory (theoretical faction and representative theory)

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Classical evolutionism school

The school of classical evolutionism was formed in the second half of19th century. The main representatives are Taylor, Morgan and Fraser (1). Taylor's cultural anthropology thought: evolution view/religion view.

(2) Morgan's cultural anthropology thought: the theory of primitive social stages/the discovery of clan system/the study of human family.

(3) Fraser's anthropological thought: the main idea of the golden branch/,the three-stage thought of human intelligence development/totem worship.

Second, the school of communication theory

Communication theory first attributed the changes of human society to the spread of material culture and acquired behavior from one originating society to other societies. This theory came into being at the end of 19, which is mainly against the viewpoint of cultural evolution. Its representative figure is Schmidt of Austria (1868- 1954).

Schmidt believes that human culture originated from pluralism, and the development region of human society can be divided into four stages: primitive stage, primary stage, secondary stage and tertiary stage.

The primitive stage is equivalent to the hunting or gathering stage, and there are three cultural circles.

The primary stage is equivalent to gardening and animal husbandry. This stage gradually formed: (1) the cultural circle of patriarchal nomadic tribes; (2) Tribal cultural circle with the right of father (mother) in exogamy.

4. The second stage: produced in the more developed agricultural society stage; Such as western Asia and southern China.

5. The third stage: in Asia, Europe, America and other places where advanced civilization first appeared.

Third, the school of special theory.

1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, following the classical school of evolution and communication, a new school of western cultural anthropology emerged, which is the school of historical particularism. There are two influential figures: Baucus and Krupp.

Baucus's Theory of Cultural Relativism

Krupp's Cultural Theory

Fourth, the French social school.

A Study of Durkheim's Religious Culture

Moss's Cultural Anthropology Thought

Verb (abbreviation of verb) functionalism school

Brown's Functionalism II, Malinowski's Cultural Theory.

Cultural personality school of intransitive verbs

Freud's anthropological thought 2, Benedict's research on national character 3. Meade's Cultural Anthropology

Seven. Structural anthropology

The 1960s and 1970s.

Eight symbolic anthropology

1, Symbolic Anthropology of Leach II. Douglas's symbolic anthropology

9. Explain the anthropology Clifford? Geer