What are the traditional festivals in China?

The formation of traditional festivals is a process of long-term accumulation and cohesion of the history and culture of a nation or country. Chinese traditional festivals are diverse and are an important part of China's long history and culture. The Chinese traditional festivals developed from the ancient times of the first people clearly record the rich and colorful social life and cultural content of the Chinese nation. (the first month of the "positive"). It is commonly known as the "New Year". The Spring Festival refers to the traditional Chinese New Year in the Chinese cultural circle, traditionally known as the New Year, the New Year, the New Year, but also known verbally as Dusuyao, Qingxinyao, the New Year. In ancient times, the Spring Festival used to refer exclusively to the first day of spring in the solar calendar, which was also regarded as the beginning of the year, but was later changed to the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar as the beginning of the New Year, and it is generally believed that the New Year does not end until at least the fifteenth day of the first month (Shangyuan Festival). The concept of Spring Festival and New Year's Day originally came from agriculture. In ancient times, people called the growth cycle of grains "Nian" (年), which means "year" in Shuowen (说文). The ancient people called the growth cycle of grain "Nian" (年), which means "year" in Chinese. It is difficult to know when the Spring Festival (Summer New Year) originated, but it is generally believed to have originated in the end of the year during the Yin and Shang dynasties in China, when sacrifices were made to the gods and ancestors (La Sacrifice). The name "Nian" began in the Zhou Dynasty. As for the head of the year (the beginning of the year) time to determine (in other words, the arrangement of the month) is also related to the astronomical calendar (as mentioned above), the legend of the summer in the month of Yin (now the first month of the lunar calendar), the Shang in the month of ugly (now the lunar calendar in December), the Zhou in the month of Zi (now the eleventh month of the lunar calendar, that is, the winter solstice is located in the month), the Qin in the month of Ohi (now the tenth month of the lunar calendar) to the Western Han Dynasty to restore the summer is set in the month of Yin (now the first month of the lunar calendar) for the head of the year, and have been in use since then! In fact, in ancient times, the Spring Festival was celebrated as the first day of the year. In fact, the ancient "Spring Festival", refers to the twenty-four solar terms in the lunar calendar "spring". Legend: In ancient China, there was a monster called "Nian", which had tentacles and was very fierce. The "Nian" lived deep under the sea for many years, and only climbed ashore on New Year's Eve, devouring livestock and harming the people. Therefore, every New Year's Eve, the people of villages and hamlets, old and young, fled to the mountains to avoid the harm of the "year" beast. New Year's Eve this year, the people of Peach Blossom Village is helping the old and young to take refuge in the mountains, from outside the village came to a begging old man, see his hand on crutches, arm with a bag, silver beard flowing, as if the star of the eye. Folks have sealed the windows and locked the door, some packing, some cattle and sheep, everywhere people shouting and horse neighing, a scene of panic in a hurry. At this time, who has the heart to care for the old man begging. Only the east end of the village, an old woman gave the old man some food, and advised him to quickly go to the mountains to avoid the "New Year" beast, the old man stroked his beard and laughed: "Granny, if you let me stay at home for a night, I must be "New Year" beasts away. The old woman looked closely, see his hair, hale and hearty, extraordinary. But she still continue to persuade, begging the old man smiled but did not say. Granny had no choice but to leave her home behind and go up the mountain to take refuge. In the middle of the night, the "New Year" beast broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village is different from previous years: the old woman's house at the east end of the village, the door is plastered with red paper, and the house is lit up by candles. The beast shivered and gave a strange cry. Nian" stared angrily at the old lady's house for a moment, and then pounced on her with a wild cry. Near the door, the courtyard suddenly came "bang bang pop" sound, "year" shuddered, no longer dare to come forward. It turns out that Nian is afraid of the color red, fire and explosions. At this time, the door of the mother-in-law's house was wide open, only to see an old man clad in red robes laughing in the yard. Nian" was terrified and fled in disarray. The next day was the first day of the first lunar month, and the people who had taken refuge in the village were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this point, the old lady just suddenly realized, rushed to the villagers described the promise of the old man begging the villagers flocked to the old lady's home, only to see the old lady's home with red paper on the door, a pile of unburned bamboo in the yard is still in the "crackling" explosion, a few red candles inside the house is still sending the afterglow of the light of the ...... ecstatic townspeople in order to celebrate the arrival of good luck, have to The new clothes and hats, visiting friends and relatives. This incident soon spread in the surrounding villages, people know the way to drive away the "New Year" beast. Since then every year on New Year's Eve, families stick red couplets, firecrackers; household candles brightly lit, to keep more waiting for the year. Early in the morning on the first day, but also to go to friends and relatives to say hello. This custom is more and more widely spread, and has become the most grand traditional Chinese folk festival. Applicable areas: The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han Chinese, but Manchu, Mongolia, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong, Li and other dozens of ethnic minorities also have the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival is more of their own national characteristics, more flavorful. Customs: firecrackers, sticking Spring Festival couplets to pay homage to the New Year, eating dumplings, eating sausage, bacon, watching the Spring Festival gala (in recent years) 2, February 2 Dragon Heads Up Dragon Heads Up (February 2, the South for the "Society Day", the North for the "Dragon Heads Up" Festival) is also known as the "Spring Plowing Festival", "Spring Plowing Festival", "Dragon Heads Up" Festival. "Spring Plowing Festival", "agricultural festival", "Spring Dragon Festival", is a traditional Han Chinese folk festival. It is the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar every year, commonly known as the Green Dragon Festival, which is said to be the day when dragons raise their heads. It is a traditional festival in China's cities and towns. People celebrate the Dragon's Head Festival to honor the dragon and pray for rain, so that the old heavenly blessings will ensure a good harvest. Festivals and Customs: The Dragon Head Festival is filled with the ideology of worshipping the dragon, thinking that the dragon governs the water and the rain and decides whether the crops will be plentiful or not, so the dragon must not be offended. In the old days, people should worship the roller in the morning, and the legend has it that the roller is the embodiment of the green dragon. Some also put the roller support up, said "dragon head". As the saying goes: "the first month does not shave the head, shaved head dead uncle." So adults and children more in this day shaved head haircut, meaning shaving "dragon head" to show honor, figure auspicious. Women avoid doing needle and thread for fear of "blinding the eyes of the dragon"; not grinding flour, not grinding rice, not a big car, for fear of "breaking the waist of the dragon, dragon tail". In fact, "the first month does not shave the head, shaved head dead uncle." Said that the blackmail, in which the "dead uncle" is actually "thinking about the old" variant, the cause of this argument is also related to Shenyang. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, when many Han Chinese for the nostalgia of the Ming Dynasty, in the first month of the month not cut hair to show that "thinking of the old", but do not dare to openly confront the Qing government, so there is a "first month of the head cut dead uncle," the saying, and has been passed down. Customs in the northern region ------ lead to the dragon, in addition to insects, fumigation insects, shaving the dragon head (hairdressing and shaving), food customs, marrying a woman to live in the spring, taboos (taboos to move the needle and thread, taboos to carry water, taboos to laundry, taboos to grind the noodles) Customs in the southern region ------ festival society (the main activity is to sacrifice the land and gather society to drink, through the gods, entertaining the gods and entertaining the people) February 2 on this day, most of the farmers ate "drums pouting "(hand-rolled noodles), commonly known as "top door stick". Why eat "drum pout"? Some people say, eat "top door stick", the door top, evil spirits do not enter, a year of peace. Some people say that the Spring Festival we all eat boring, play faint, eat a "drum pout" top spirituality, will start to work for life. There are also in February 2 this day to eat churning dough, said to give the dragon paste scales whole armor, so that the dragon spirit of ascension and rain. There are a few satirical ballads about lazy women, saying: "After the 23rd day of the first month, the lazy woman is so worried that she has no place to drill. And want to go up to the sky, no shoes to wear; and want to drill the ground, no spade tip; and want to hang, can not throw the February 2nd that oil churning dough." There is also a local custom of fried beans on this day, the ballad says: "February 2, the dragon carries the head, the family pot Boom beans beans, wake up the Dragon King early ascension, cloud rain to keep a good harvest." Some people also burn incense and kowtow in the nearby Medicine King Temple, pray for peace. Local customs: Shandong Tengzhou Liaocheng area on February 2 this day men have to cut their hair, dragon head this day, hope that a year of good luck haircut. Tengzhou Qingdao area to eat chess and fried beans, symbolizing the "golden bean blossom. Fried Corn: Legend has it that the tradition of frying corn on February 2 each year commemorates the righteous dragon's efforts to relieve the suffering of the drought on earth, even at the expense of offending the rules of heaven. Legend has it that the Jade Dragon was imprisoned by the Jade Emperor because he couldn't bear to see the people suffer from drought and helped them to bring rain, and made a rule that he would only be released if the golden beans blossomed. The people were grateful for the Jade Dragon's act of righteousness and gathered together to fry corn, which looked like the blossoming of golden beans and made the guardian Taibai Jinxing look at it wrongly and released the Jade Dragon. The tradition of frying corn on the second day of February every year has been preserved. Festival Legend: In the northern part of China, there is a myth that circulates in the folklore. It is said that Wu Zetian became the emperor and annoyed the Jade Emperor, who ordered the Dragon Kings of the Four Seas not to send rain to the earth for three years. Soon, the Dragon King, who was in charge of the Heavenly River, heard the cries of the people's families and saw the tragic scene of starving people, and worried that the way of life on earth would be cut off, so he disobeyed the Jade Emperor's will and sent rain to the earth once. The Jade Emperor was informed that the Dragon King was knocked down to the mortal world and pressed under a big mountain to suffer, and a monument was erected on the mountain: "The Dragon King violated the rules of heaven by sending rain, and suffered the crime of a thousand years on the earth; and if he wanted to climb back up to the Spiritual Pavilion, he would not be able to do so unless the golden beans blossomed." In order to save the Dragon King, people everywhere to find the blossom of the golden beans. To the second day of the second lunar month of the following year, people are turning over the corn seed, the thought that this corn is like a golden bean, fried a fried flowers is not a golden bean blossom? So every family popcorn, and set up in the yard burning incense, for the blossom of the "golden beans". (The legend is wrong, Wu Zetian is the Tang Dynasty period characters, corn is the Ming Dynasty before the introduction of China, where to corn seed then?)　The Dragon King looked up and knew that the people had saved him, so he shouted to the Jade Emperor, "The golden beans are blooming, let me out!" The Jade Emperor looked at the earth in the courtyard of the golden bean flowers open, had to pass the Oracle, edict the Dragon King back to heaven, continue to give the earth to the clouds and rain. From then on, the folk formed a habit, every February 2 this day, on the popcorn to eat. 3, Lantern Festival

is an important traditional festival in China. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon of the year, but also the beginning of the year, the night of the earth back to spring, people celebrate this, but also to celebrate the continuation of the New Year, and therefore also known as the "Festival of the New Year", that is, the first month of the fifteenth day of the Lunar Calendar. In ancient books, this day is called "on the Yuan", the night called "Yuan night", "Yuan Xi" or "Lantern Festival". The name "Lantern Festival" has been used until now. Customs: Because the Lantern Festival has the custom of opening and watching the lanterns, it is also known as the "Festival of Lights". In addition, there are eating Lantern Festival, stilt walking, riddles, dragon dance, lanterns, lion dance and other customs. Evolution: There is a close relationship between the ancient Chinese calendar and the phases of the moon. On the fifteenth day of the first month, people ushered in the first full-moon night of the year, which was rightly regarded as an auspicious day. As early as in the Han Dynasty, the fifteenth day of the first month was already used as a day to worship the emperor and pray for blessings. Later, the ancients called the 15th day of the first month "Shangyuan", the 15th day of the 7th month "Zhongyuan", and the 15th day of the 10th month "Xiayuan". At the latest, in the early North and South Dynasties, Sanyuan was already a day to hold a grand ceremony. Among the three elements, the first element was the most important. Later on, the celebrations of the Middle and Lower Yuan were gradually abolished, while the Upper Yuan has endured. Eating Lantern Festival: Eating Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month, "Lantern Festival" as a food, has a long history in China. Song Dynasty, the folk that is popular a Lantern Festival to eat the novelty of food. This kind of food, the earliest called "floating yuanzi" later called "yuanxiao", the businessman also beautifully called "yuanbao". Lantern that is "dumplings" to sugar, rose, sesame, bean paste, yellow cinnamon, walnuts, nuts, jujube paste, etc. for the filling, wrapped in glutinous rice flour into a round shape, can be meat or vegetarian, with a variety of flavors. It can be boiled in soup, deep-fried or steamed, and has the meaning of reunion. Shaanxi soup dumplings are not wrapped, but in the glutinous rice flour "rolled" into, or boiled Division or deep-fried, hot fire, reunion. 4, Cold Food Festival Cold Food, that is, the Cold Food Festival, also known as the "Festival of Smoking," "Cold Festival," "Hundred and Five Festival ". One hundred and five days after the winter solstice in the summer calendar, one or two days before the Qingming Festival. Source: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Prince Chong Er of Jin, who had been in exile for many years, returned to his country to assume the throne [i.e. Duke Wen of Jin], and rewarded the subjects who had fled with him, except for Jie Zi Tui, who was left out. Jie Zi Tui then took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan Mountain [southeast of present-day Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province]. When Duke Wen of Jin learned of this, he wanted to reward him, but when he couldn't find him, he tried to burn the mountain to force him to come out. But Jie Zi Tui did not want to be an official, insisted not to come out, and as a result, both mother and son were burned to death. In order to commemorate Jie Zi Tui, Duke Wen of Jin changed Mian Shan to "Jie Shan", set up a shrine to worship Jie Zi Tui, and designated the day of burning as the Cold Food Festival, forbidding fireworks throughout the country, and eating only cold food. Later, the custom of eating cold food and sweeping graves on this day was formed. Activity: On this day, fireworks are forbidden and only cold food is eaten, so it is called the "Cold Food Festival". In later years, the festival gradually added the customs of sweeping, trekking, swinging, cuju, pulling hooks, fighting eggs, etc. The cold food festival stretched for two years. The Cold Food Festival has stretched for more than 2,000 years, and was once called the first major folk festival. Many literati have written poems about the Cold Food Festival. 5, Qingming Festival Qingming Festival, also known as the Treading Green Festival, in the middle of spring and late spring, that is, after the winter solstice on the 108th day. It is a traditional Chinese festival and one of the most important festivals for ancestor worship and grave sweeping . The traditional Qingming Festival of the Han Chinese began around the Zhou Dynasty, more than 2,500 years ago. Influenced by Han culture, 24 ethnic minorities in China, including Manchu, Hezhen, Zhuang, Oroqen, Dong, Tujia, Miao, Yao, Li, Shui, Jing, and Qiang, also have the custom of celebrating Qingming Festival. Qingming was first just the name of a festival, and its transformation into a festival honoring ancestors is related to the Cold Food Festival. The Duke of Jin designated the day after the Cold Food Festival as the Qingming Festival. In most areas of Shanxi is in the Qingming Festival the day before the Cold Food Festival; Yushe County and other places is in the Qingming Festival two days before the Cold Food Festival; Qiaqu County is also preaching the Qingming Festival the day before the Cold Food Festival, the first two days for the small cold food. Qingming Festival is one of China's important "eight sections of the year", generally in the calendar before and after April 5, the festival is very long, there are 10 days before 8 days after and 10 days before 10 days after two kinds of statements, which nearly 20 days are Qingming Festival. Qingming Festival originally refers to the fifteen days after the vernal equinox, in 1935 the Republic of China government explicitly set April 5 as a national holiday Qingming Festival, also known as the National Tomb Sweeping Festival. The origin of the Qingming Festival, according to legend, began in ancient times, the emperor and generals "tomb sacrifice" of the ritual, and then the folk also follow suit, in this day of ancestor sweeping the tomb, and over the generations and become a fixed custom of the Chinese nation. 2006 May 20, China's Ministry of Culture declared the Qingming Festival by the State Council approved the inclusion of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. In addition to forbidding fires and sweeping tombs, the Qingming Festival also includes a series of customary sports activities, such as trekking, swinging, cuju, playing polo, swinging, and planting willows. Legend has it that this is because the Cold Food Festival to cold food ban on fire, in order to prevent cold food cold food injury, so people come to participate in some sports activities, to exercise the body. Qingming Festival, folk taboo make needle, taboo laundry, most areas of women avoid walking. Before evening, a gray line should be sprinkled in front of the gate, which is said to stop ghosts from entering the house. Therefore, this festival is characterized by both the sorrowful tears of parting from life and death by sweeping new graves and the laughter of trekking and playing. Due to the relationship between Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival combined into one, some places still retain the custom of eating cold food on Qingming Cold Food Festival. In Shandong, Jimo eat eggs and cold biscuits, Laiyang, Zhaoyuan, Changdao eat eggs and cold sorghum rice, it is said that if not, you will be hail. Tai'an eat cold pancakes rolled raw bitter vegetables, said to eat the eyes bright. The area around Jinzhong still retains the custom of banning fires the day before Qingming. In many places, sacrificial food is divided and eaten after the completion of the sacrificial ceremony. Jinnan people over the Qingming, it is customary to steam a large steamed bun with white flour, sandwiched between walnuts, jujube, beans, outside the disk into the shape of a dragon, the dragon body in the middle of an egg, called "Zifu". To steam a very large total "Zifu", symbolizing family reunion and happiness. When visiting the graves, the total "Zifu" is offered to the ancestral spirits, and the whole family shares it after sweeping the graves. Shanghai old custom, with wicker will be sacrificed to the steam cake dough through up, after drying stored, to the day of summer, will be fried, to the children to eat, it is said to eat after not Resistance Summer disease. 6, Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month for the "Dragon Boat Festival", is an ancient Chinese traditional festival. "Dragon Boat" is called "Duanwu", the end is the beginning of the Dragon Boat Festival means. Because people think "May" is a bad month, "the fifth" is the day, so avoid "five", changed to "Dragon Boat Festival Duanwu". The Dragon Boat Festival was recorded as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty, not to commemorate Qu Yuan and the establishment of the festival, but after the Dragon Boat Festival, some of the customs by the influence of Qu Yuan. The Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar every year, is also known as the Duan Yang Festival, the Noon Festival, the May Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Festival of Bathing Orchids, and so on. Is popular in China as well as the Chinese cultural circle of the countries of the traditional cultural festivals, Dragon Boat Festival originated in the country, initially for the festival of disease prevention, before the Spring and Autumn period in Wu Yue land in the lunar calendar on the fifth day of the fifth month in the form of a dragon boat race held in the tribal totem rituals; after the poet qu yuan hold the stone threw himself into the Miluo River death, and become a traditional Chinese festival to commemorate the qu yuan; part of the region is also in memory of wu zixu, cao e and other sayings. Over the Dragon Boat Festival, is the traditional habits of the Chinese people for more than two thousand years, due to the vast area, many ethnic groups, coupled with many stories and legends, so not only produced a number of different names of the festival, but also has different customs around. Its content is mainly: the daughter back to his mother's home, hanging Zhong Kui statue, welcome the ghost ship, avoiding the afternoon, posting the afternoon leaf charm, hanging calamus, mugwort, swim in a hundred diseases, Pei Xiangbao, prepared liling, dragon boat race, than the martial arts, batting, swinging, to the children painted with xionghuang, drinking xionghuang wine, calamus wine, eat five poisonous cakes, salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fruits, and so on. Dumplings: Today's dumplings are even more diverse and sparkling. Today's zongzi around, generally with Ruo shell package glutinous rice, but contains the color is based on local specialties and customs, the famous cinnamon zongzi, meat zongzi, crystal zongzi, lotus seed paste zongzi, candied fruit zongzi, chestnut zongzi, spicy zongzi, pickled vegetables zongzi, ham zongzi, salted egg zongzi and so on. Xionghuang wine: the custom of drinking xionghuang wine at the Dragon Boat Festival, once upon a time in the Yangtze River Basin region is extremely prevalent. The old saying once said: "drink the xionghuang wine, the disease are far away." Xionghuang is a mineral, commonly known as "cockle stone", its main component is arsenic sulfide, and contains mercury, toxic. Generally drink xionghuang wine, just in white wine or home-brewed yellow wine to add trace andrographis and become, no pure drinking. Xionghuang wine has the effect of antiseptic insecticide to solve the five poisons, Chinese medicine is also used to cure skin diseases. In the absence of iodine and other disinfectants in ancient times, the use of andrographis soaked wine, you can get rid of poison and relieve itching. Not to the drinking age of small children, adults will give their forehead, ears, nose, hands, feet, heart and other places coated with andrographis, intended to disinfect and prevent disease, insects and insects do not bite. Five yellow: Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other areas of the Dragon Boat Festival to eat "five yellow" custom. Five yellow refers to the cucumber, eel, yellow fish, high post duck egg yolk, xionghuang wine. In addition, northern Zhejiang Dragon Boat Festival also eat tofu. Duanwu Festival: Duanwu Festival is a grand festival of the Korean people in Yanbian, Jilin Province. The most representative food on this day is the fragrant cake. The cake, is the wormwood and glutinous rice, placed in a large wooden groove chiseled in a single tree, with a long handle wooden whack made of rice cakes. This food is very ethnic characteristics, but also can add to the atmosphere of the festival. [13] Pan-fried pile: Fujian Jinjiang area, the Dragon Boat Festival, every family will eat "fried pile", that is, with flour, rice flour or sweet potato flour and other ingredients into a thick paste fried. Legend has it that in ancient times in southern Fujian area before the Dragon Boat Festival is the rainy season, rainy and cloudy, folk say that the sky is wearing a hole, to "make up for the sky". After the Dragon Boat Festival, we ate the "fried pile" and the rain stopped, and people said that the sky was mended. 7, Mid-Autumn Festival Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, August Festival, August will be, chasing the moon festival, playing the moon festival, moon festival, daughter festival or reunion festival, is popular in many ethnic groups in China and the Chinese character cultural circle of the countries of the traditional cultural festivals, in the 15th of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar; because of the value of the three half of the Autumn Festival, so the name, and also in some places will be the Mid-Autumn Festival in the sixteenth month of the eighth. Mid-Autumn Festival began in the early Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has become one of the main festivals in China with the Spring Festival. Influenced by Chinese culture, the Mid-Autumn Festival is also a traditional festival in some East and Southeast Asian countries, especially for local Chinese. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has been listed as a national holiday, and on May 20, 2006, the State Council included it in the list of the first national intangible cultural heritage. Since ancient times, the Mid-Autumn Festival has been characterized by the customs of sacrificing to the moon, enjoying the moon, worshipping the moon, eating mooncakes, enjoying osmanthus flowers, drinking osmanthus wine, and so on, which have been passed down to the present day and are still going on today. Mid-Autumn Festival to the moon's roundness of the reunion of people, in order to send thoughts of their hometowns, homesickness for loved ones, and pray for a good harvest, happiness, has become a colorful and precious cultural heritage. 8, Chongyang Festival

The Double Ninth Festival (The Double Ninth Festival) September 9 of the Chinese lunar calendar for the traditional Chongyang Festival, also known as the "Festival of the Aged". ". Because the "I Ching" in the "six" as the number of yin, the "nine" as the number of yang, September 9, the sun and the moon and yang, the two nine heavy, so it is called Chung Yeung, also known as Chung Kau. Chongyang Festival has been formed as early as the Warring States period, to the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival, and since then it has been inherited by successive dynasties. Chongyang, also known as "Treading Autumn" and March 3 "Treading Spring" are all the family pouring out of the room, Chongyang this day all the relatives have to climb together to "avoid disaster", insert cornelian cherry, chrysanthemums. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the atmosphere of Chongyang is getting stronger and stronger, and it is one of the traditional festivals that have been recited by literati and writers throughout the ages. Evolution: The ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar is the traditional Chinese festival of Chung Yeung. It is also the Chinese Festival of Respect for the Elderly. In 1989, China designated the ninth day of the ninth month of the year as the Day of the Elderly, a skillful combination of tradition and modernity, which has become a festival for the elderly to honor, respect, love and help them. Customs: Whenever it comes to the Chongyang Festival, people will think of Wang Wei's words, "Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice as much during the festivals. I know the place where my brother climbed up high, and there were fewer dogwoods to plant." This poem. Since ancient times, the Chongyang Festival has been a day for people to honor and love the elderly, miss their parents and long for reunion. Specific customs are listed as follows: ①, climbing high ②, eating Chongyang cake ③, enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine ④, inserting cornelian cherry and hairpin chrysanthemums ⑤, drinking Chongyang wine However, there is a history of the 13th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar as the Festival of Respect for the Elderly, but it was modified to the 9th day of the ninth month in 1989. Time: the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. 9, Winter Solstice Festival Winter Solstice (Winter Solstice), is an important festival in the Chinese lunar calendar, but also a traditional festival of the Chinese people, the winter solstice is commonly known as the "Winter Festival", "long solstice festival, The winter solstice is commonly known as the "winter festival", "long solstice festival", "sub year" and so on. As early as two thousand five hundred years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, China has been using the earth gui observation of the sun, determined the winter solstice, it is the twenty-four seasons in the earliest formulation of a time in the annual calendar between December 21st and 23rd. Climatic characteristics: Astronomically, the winter solstice is the beginning of winter, which is obviously late for most areas of China. Poetry says, "The wind from the northwest strikes the grass, and several times the cold starts with a sunrise. The daytime is shortest, but I see golden plums blooming in color." (Zuoheshui) The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year. After the winter solstice, the point of direct sunlight gradually move northward, the northern hemisphere day gradually become longer, the night gradually become shorter, so, there is a saying, "eat the winter solstice noodles, a day long line." Climatically, during the winter solstice, the average temperature of the Northwest Plateau is generally below 0 ℃, and the southern region is only 6 ℃ to 8 ℃ or so. In addition, the winter solstice began to "count nine", the winter solstice also became the "count nine" the first day. About "counting nine", the folk song is said, "one nine, two nine do not go out, three nine, four nine ice walk, five nine, six nine along the river to see the willow, seven nine river open, eight nine Yan to, nine nine plus nine plowing oxen all over the place to go." However, the southwest low altitude river valley area, even in the coldest local early January, the average temperature is still above 10 ℃, can really be said that the fall to spring flat, winter throughout the year. The winter solstice, generally in the calendar on December 21 or December 22, the two days. Because the winter solstice is not fixed on a specific day, it is called a "living festival", just like Qingming. The winter solstice as a holiday from the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and continues to this day. The first month of the Zhou calendar is the eleventh month of the summer calendar, so the first month of the Zhou dynasty is equal to the eleventh month of today's calendar, so there is no difference between paying homage to the year and celebrating winter. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the summer calendar that the first month and the winter solstice were separated. It can also be said that the simple winter solstice festival is only since the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and continues to this day. The winter solstice is a good time for health maintenance, mainly because "qi begins at the winter solstice". Because from the beginning of winter, life activities begin to change from decline to flourish, from static rotation. At this time, scientific health care can help to ensure vigorous energy and prevent premature aging, to achieve the purpose of prolonging life. Winter solstice diet should be varied, cereals, fruits, meat, vegetables, a reasonable combination of appropriate selection of high-calcium foods. Different places have different customs at the winter solstice, and most places in northern China have the custom of eating dumplings at the winter solstice. The winter solstice has developed over thousands of years, forming a unique seasonal food culture. Eating dumplings has become a winter solstice custom for most Chinese people. Of course, there are exceptions, such as in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, popular on the day of the winter solstice to drink mutton soup custom, meaning to drive away the cold. 10, New Year's Eve, the last day of the lunar month called New Year's Eve. "In addition to", the original meaning is "go", derived from "easy"; "eve" the original meaning of the word was "sunset", derived from "night". Therefore, the night of New Year's Eve, will contain "the old year to this in addition, tomorrow another new year" meaning, that is, "in addition to the old cloth new". "New Year's Eve" in ancient times, there are "in addition to the night, in addition to, in addition to the year, in addition to the big, big end, the end of the year" and other aliases. Although there are many names, but it is always the meaning of sending the old and welcoming the new, get rid of diseases and eliminate disasters. Lunar New Year's Eve, also known as "New Year's Eve". Refers to China and other areas of the Han cultural circle of the lunar calendar, January 1, the night before. It is usually a day for people to eat, drink, play and have fun. New Year's Eve, the earliest originated from the pre-Qin period, "by removing". According to "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals - Winter Records", the ancients beat drums on the day before the New Year's Eve to drive away the "plague ghosts", so that the coming year will be free of disease and disaster. Northern people's customs are generally consistent, New Year's dumplings, steamed buns, etc.; while in the south are different customs, such as making rice cakes, wrapping dumplings, cooking dumplings, eating rice, etc., the south of the different regions have a lot of different New Year's Eve customs. Dumplings shaped like "Yuanbao", rice cakes sound like "Nian Gao", are good omen of good luck. The highlight of New Year's Eve is the handing out of New Year's money by the elders after the New Year's dinner. Next, spring scrolls and door gods are put up and the doors are closed. It is not until the morning of the first day of the year that the doors are opened to receive the God of Fortune, followed by the family's New Year's Eve vigil. The last day of the year is called "New Year's Eve", and the night of that day is called "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Eve, people often stay up all night, called the New Year's Eve. Su Shi wrote "Keeping New Year's Eve": "Children are strong enough not to sleep, and they keep vigil all night long." On New Year's Eve, people not only clean their homes, but also put up door gods, spring couplets, New Year's paintings, and door cages, while people change into new clothes with festive colors and patterns. In addition, China's ethnic minorities have also retained their own traditional festivals, such as the Water Festival of the Dai, the Naadam Conference of the Mongols, the Torch Festival of the Yi, the Danu Festival of the Yao, the March Street of the Bai, the Song Wei of the Zhuang, the Tibetan New Year and the Wangguo Festival of the Tibetans, and the Flower Jumping Festival of the Miao, and so on.