Types of beverage equipment for beverage production line

Different beverage production processes require different beverage machinery and equipment, the following is an introduction to several common and commonly used in the beverage production process machinery and equipment. Water is the largest raw material used in the production of beverages, and the quality of water quality has a great impact on the quality of beverages. Therefore, the water must be treated to meet the process requirements. Usually according to its role in the water treatment equipment is divided into three categories: water filtration equipment, water softening equipment and water sterilization equipment.

(A) water filtration equipment

(1) sand and gravel filtration equipment (multi-media filtration equipment) sand and gravel filter (multi-media filter) is a layered anthracite, sand, finely crushed garnet or other materials for the bed of mechanical filtration equipment, the principle of the depth of filtration of particles in the water of different granularities, larger particles are removed in the top layer, smaller particles are removed in the deeper part of the filter media, thus enabling the water to be filtered. The larger particles are removed in the top layer, and the smaller particles are removed in the deeper layer of the filter media, so that the water quality reaches the standard after coarse filtration, and the SDI (Sludge Density Index) value of the water is lowered to meet the water quality requirements of deep purification.

(2) activated carbon filter activated carbon has an adsorption effect, there is a certain turbidity effect, the main structure and arrangement of the activated carbon filter is similar to the gravel filter. Therefore, activated carbon adsorption is also known as activated carbon filtration. Activated carbon filtration is mainly used for organic impurities in water and molecular colloidal micro-particle impurities in water, can also be used for dechlorination and so on.

(3) sand mandrel filter sand mandrel filter, also known as sand filter rod filter, in the water treatment equipment has been stereotyped products. It is mainly applied to the water treatment of less water, water containing only organic matter, bacteria and other impurities.

(4) Microporous filter Microporous filtration is a new membrane separation technology. It can filter out filtrate, gas particles above 0.01μm and bacteria. It is characterized by high capture capacity, large filtration area, long service life, high filtration precision, low resistance, high mechanical strength, no stripping phenomenon, strong resistance to acid and alkali, and easy to use. This filter can filter out most of the particles, so it is widely used in fine filtration and sterilization process.

(B) water softening equipment

(1) Ion exchanger Ion exchanger is a device commonly used in water treatment, it can be selected by a certain process, so that the water softening or desalination. It is mainly the use of some ion exchanger to the original water unwanted ions temporarily fixed, so that the content of these ions in the water reduced to the required level. Ions fixed by the exchange agent, in the regeneration solution is released, the exchange agent can be reused. In other words, its essence is the physical and chemical reaction between the insoluble electrolyte (resin) and another electrolyte in the solution, i.e., the exchange reaction between the exchangeable ions on the resin and the other ions of the same nature in the solution.

(2) electrodialysis device electrodialysis in industry as a separation, concentration, purification and recycling process of the new technology, widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, the application of the food industry is mainly concentrated in the soda water, beer water purification treatment, in the soft drinks factory used to soften the water (desalination). Electrodialysis technology is through a selective permeability and good conductivity of the ion exchange membrane, under the action of an applied direct current field, according to the principle of opposites attract and opposites repel, so that the anions and cations in the raw water through the anion exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane to achieve the purification effect of a technology.

(3) reverse osmosis equipment Reverse osmosis is the largest application, the technology is relatively the most mature membrane technology, its application in the entire membrane separation field accounts for about half, is the development of membrane technology is one of the biggest breakthroughs. Reverse osmosis is through the reverse osmosis membrane to separate the solvent in solution. The application of reverse osmosis has developed from seawater desalination, hard water softening, etc. to the concentration of vitamins, antimicrobials, hormones, etc., the separation of bacteria and viruses, and the concentration of fruit juices, buttermilk, coffee, and so on, which are extremely widely used. The advantages of reverse osmosis equipment is continuous operation, product water quality is stable; no acid and alkali regeneration; will not be regeneration and downtime; save the backwash and cleaning water; high yield to produce ultrapure water (yield can be as high as 95%); regeneration of wastewater does not require water treatment facilities; operation and maintenance costs are low; installation is simple and inexpensive.

Reverse osmosis facilities to produce pure water has two keys: one is a selective membrane, we call it semi-permeable membrane, and the second is a certain pressure. Simply put, reverse osmosis semi-permeable membrane with numerous holes, the size of these holes and the size of the water molecule is comparable to the size of the water molecules, due to bacteria, viruses, most of the organic pollutants and hydrated ions are much larger than the water molecules, and therefore can not pass through the reverse osmosis semi-permeable membrane and reverse osmosis membrane with the separation of the water phase. Among the many impurities in water, dissolved salts are the most difficult to remove. Therefore, often based on the salt removal rate to determine the water purification effect of reverse osmosis, reverse osmosis salt removal rate is mainly determined by the selectivity of the reverse osmosis semi-permeable membrane. Higher selectivity of the reverse osmosis membrane element salt removal rate can be as high as 99.7%.

Reverse osmosis separation must be carried out first in the membrane-solution interface to form a preferential adsorption layer, the degree of preferential adsorption depends on the chemical properties of the solution and the chemical properties of the membrane surface, as long as the selection of suitable membrane materials, and simply change the membrane surface of the microporous structure and the operating conditions, the reverse osmosis technology can be applied to any degree of separation of the solute separation.

(4) ultrafilter

Ultrafiltration technology, although a late start in our country, but the development is very rapid, with the continuous promotion of this technology and people's awareness of it continues to improve, the beverage production industry is bound to get more benefits from it.

Ultra-filtration membrane equipment in industrial applications have a flat plate, tubular, spiral plate and hollow fiber in several different forms. Most of the domestic applications for plate and tube, especially hollow fiber membrane (hollow fiber membrane) has also been widely used in water treatment.

Hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane is the most mature and advanced form of ultrafiltration technology. This membrane is developed on the basis of the flat membrane with a spatial three-dimensional geometry of the film, so that the unit volume of the membrane equipment does not rely on extremely thin semi-permeable membrane and have a large membrane permeability. Hollow fiber tube wall is covered with micropores, pore size to be able to retain the relative molecular mass of the material expressed in the relative molecular mass of the retention of up to a few thousand to hundreds of thousands of relative molecular mass. As a result of the hollow cylindrical configuration, it greatly improves the production capacity of the membrane permeation equipment per unit volume. Raw water flows under pressure in the outer or inner cavities of the hollow fibers, constituting external and internal pressure, respectively. Ultrafiltration is a dynamic filtration process, the retained substances can be excluded with the concentration, without clogging the membrane surface, can be long-term continuous operation. It can be proved that in ultrafiltration applications, the use of a reasonable size of a small diameter hollow fiber membrane cylindrical bundle, the amount of permeate will be equivalent to a dozen square meters of ultra-thin flat plate membrane on those who get.

Hollow fiber for the slender membrane tube, the inner wall of the membrane layer, the membrane layer combined with a sponge-like outer wall, the outer wall has a coarse hole, the inner layer of the ultrafiltration separation role. The size of the inner membrane pore determines the size of the blocked substance in the tube. The hollow fibers have an inner warp of about 200 μm and are made of an inert non-ionic polymer with a unique anisotropic (epidermal) structure and a significantly high flow rate. It is characterized by: ① large membrane area per unit volume in the device; ② thin membrane wall, fast liquid transmission rate; ③ high strength due to the geometric configuration of the hollow fiber with certain pressure resistance.

(C) water sterilization equipment

(1) ozone sterilizer The so-called ozone sterilizer is the use of ozone's strong oxidizing properties to achieve the purpose of sterilization. Ozone is a strong oxygen agent, its bactericidal effect than chlorine 15 ∽ 30 times, in a certain concentration of 5 ∽ 10min, the ozone on a variety of bacteria can achieve the degree of sterilization. Foreign countries have been widely used in the disinfection of water to deodorize, decolorization, etc., the domestic production of mineral water, pure water applied to sterilization is also very common.

(2) ultraviolet sterilizer When microorganisms are irradiated by ultraviolet light, microbial proteins and nucleic acids absorb the energy of the ultraviolet spectrum, resulting in protein denaturation, causing microbial death. Ultraviolet light has a certain penetrating ability to clean and transparent water, so it can make the water disinfection. UV sterilization can not change the physical and chemical properties of water, sterilization speed, high efficiency, no odor, so it is widely used. Sterilization, is an important part of beverage processing. Beverage sterilization is somewhat different from medical and biological sterilization. Beverage sterilization has two meanings: one is the requirement to kill the contaminated pathogenic bacteria in the beverage, spoilage bacteria, destroy the enzymes in the food and make the beverage in a specific environment, such as airtight bottles, cans or other packaging containers, have a certain period of preservation; the second is the requirement to protect the nutrients and flavor of the beverage as much as possible in the sterilization process. Therefore, the sterilized beverage is commercially sterile.

The method of beverage sterilization has two categories: physical sterilization and chemical sterilization. Chemical sterilization method is to use hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide, sodium hypochlorite and other bactericides. Due to the existence of chemical sterilization chemical residues and other effects, contemporary food sterilization method tends to physical sterilization method. Physical sterilization method is divided into heat sterilization method and cold sterilization method. Heat sterilization method is divided into heat sterilization method, dry heat sterilization method, microwave sterilization method and far infrared heating sterilization method. Cold sterilization method is divided into ultraviolet radiation sterilization method, ionizing radiation sterilization method and freezing sterilization method. In the wet heat sterilization method, there are pasteurization, high temperature short time sterilization method and ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization method. The so-called pasteurization (pasteurization) is a low-temperature sterilization method for a long time, sterilization temperature is lower than 100 ℃, holding time is 30 min. high-temperature short-time sterilization (HTST), sterilization temperature is generally in the 100 ℃, such as milk HTST sterilization temperature of 85 ℃, hold more than 15s. Ultra-high temperature sterilization (UHT), sterilization temperature above 120 ℃, only a few seconds. HTST and UHT sterilization method, not only high efficiency, but also the structure and appearance of the food and the preservation of nutrients and flavor are better than other sterilization methods. According to the above sterilization methods and the corresponding development of the beverage sterilization equipment more types of materials to be treated in the form of classification are the following three:

(1) Fluid beverage sterilization equipment Fluid beverages refers to unpackaged dairy products, fruit juices and other materials. Sterilization equipment to deal with such materials and direct and indirect points. Directly steam is sprayed directly into the material for sterilization. Indirectly with the plate, tube heat exchanger for heat exchange of beverages for sterilization.

(2) canned beverages sterilization equipment canned beverages and bottled beverages and other beverages with packaging containers, the sterilization equipment to deal with such materials according to the sterilization temperature can be divided into atmospheric pressure sterilization equipment and pressurized sterilization equipment. The sterilizing temperature of atmospheric pressure sterilizing equipment is below 100℃, which is used for sterilizing beverage products with pH value less than 4.5. Canning sterilization equipment designed with the principle of pasteurization belongs to this category. Pressurized sterilization equipment is generally carried out in closed equipment, the pressure is greater than 0.1MPa, the temperature is commonly used about 120 ℃. Atmospheric and pressurized sterilization equipment in the operation can also be divided into intermittent and continuous. According to the sterilization equipment used in different heat sources can be divided into direct steam heating sterilization equipment, water heating sterilization equipment, flame continuous sterilization machine.

(3) the use of electromagnetic waves of physical sterilization equipment This type of sterilization equipment is the use of microwave, far-infrared, ultraviolet radiation and other physical radiation for heating sterilization, is a promising development of sterilization equipment. CP-12 type bottle punching machine is a kind of rotary bottle punching machine with domestic advanced level based on the introduction, digestion and absorption of domestic and foreign advanced technology and its own innovation and design. This machine is suitable for the filling production of bottled drinks, mineral water, cola and other materials and liquids, and cleaning of plastic bottles, and it can be provided to large and medium-sized production factories, and it can also be used as a stand-alone machine. The main features of the machine are as follows:

(1) The machine is a special equipment for cleaning plastic bottles of various specifications;

(2) Compact structure of the equipment, the control system is perfect, easy to operate and maintain;

(3) Reasonable cleaning process, the use of the principle of spray type rinsing inside and outside of the bottle, and automatic filtering of residual water in the bottle, the empty bottles meet the hygiene requirements after cleaning;

(4) Changing bottle shape can be realized only by replacing the star wheel and guide plate, which is simple and convenient to operate.

CP-32 bottle flushing machine is a semi-automatic external shower bottle flushing machine, applicable to a variety of bottle shapes and materials of new and old bottle rinsing. The main features of the machine are: spraying on the outer wall of the bottle, the inner wall of the two continuous rinsing to ensure that the rinsing effect; the main other parts are made of stainless steel or wear-resistant copper alloy to prevent rust and corrosion; the use of tap water working at atmospheric pressure, adaptability. The machine has reasonable structure, simple operation and convenient maintenance, and is widely used in the manufacturers of wine, beverage, soy sauce, vinegar, medicinal liquid and so on. Automatic bottle washing machine is divided into different types according to different situations: from the way of bottle inlet and outlet can be divided into double-end type and single-end type; from the way of bottle sleeve transmission can be divided into continuous and intermittent type; from the way the machine handles the bottles can be divided into spraying, brushing and immersion type. The following is mainly introduced by the way of bottle washing.

(1) Jet bottle washing machine Including internal and external rinsing of bottles. The center of the nozzle must be aligned with the center of the bottle. This type is particularly suitable for the rinsing of the crown cap, because the neck of the bottle is small, generally only about 5mm, with other types of bottle washing machine is difficult to clean the bottle dirt. The nozzle of the detergent should be high-pressure type. However, this type of bottle washing is very easy to generate foam, and it is more difficult to remove the trademark. In addition, due to the role of the washing liquid and carbon dioxide in the air, the concentration will be quickly reduced, energy consumption is also greater.

(2) immersion bottle washing machine First one or several hot water jet rinse, and then in different temperatures of the washing tank will be continuously submerged bottles (filled and emptied) for washing or disinfection. After the last submergence, several more rinses with hot and cold water jets are used to wash away the wash liquor. Few immersion bottle washers are still in use that meet the requirements.

(3) Soak and Brush Bottle Washer It cleans bottles by a combination of soaking and brushing. This is an effective cleaning method to brush the bottle wall. In the past many years, the brush is used, due to easy hair loss, short life, and because the brush is easy to hide dirt and affect the quality of scrubbing. Some countries use synthetic materials as brushes, the use of better results. This bottle washing machine brush part of the structure is more complex, because the brush and bottle mouth must be aligned to enter the bottle, so the use of this type is not much.

(4) immersion and jet bottle washer It combines the advantages of immersion and jet, there are one or more immersion tanks and more jet part, the nozzle is more high-pressure type. Some believe that when the jet part to a certain extent instead of two jet tanks, high-pressure jet cleaning effect can be equivalent to scrubbing with a brush. From the perspective of packaging materials can be divided into liquid filling machine, paste filling machine, powder filling machine, granule filling machine; from the degree of automation in terms of production is divided into semi-automatic filling machine and automatic filling production line; from the filling material containing gas or not can be divided into equal-pressure filling machine, atmospheric pressure filling machine and negative pressure filling machine.

(A) isobaric filling machine

Isobaric filling machine is generally in the storage tank to maintain a certain filling pressure, when the container to be filled into the filling machine, the first container inflatable, the gas can be compressed air, you can also use carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide gas is better. When the pressure in the container and storage tank pressure is consistent, that is, with the self-weight of the material through the opening of the filling valve filling. During the filling process, the gas in the container should be smoothly exported back to the storage tank or gas chamber.　In the soda, small champagne and beer filling, most of the isobaric filling, the process is as follows:

(1) the initial position of the bottle has not yet touched the filling valve, all the gas and liquid channels are closed.

(2) Filling pressure The bottle and the filling valve cover rise together to a predetermined position, at which point the rotary fork opens the filling valve and pressurized gas enters the bottle from the annular storage cylinder through the filling channel.

(3) Liquid injection and return gas When the pressure inside the bottle reaches the pressure of the storage cylinder, the liquid valve opens automatically, and the liquid shall flow down along the wall of the bottle by the diversion umbrella, at the same time, the pressure gas displaced inside the bottle returns to the liquid injection cylinder through the return gas pipe, and the liquid injection is finished when the liquid level inside the bottle reaches the lower port of the return gas pipe.

(4) Valve closing The rotary fork closes the pressure gas valve and liquid valve.

(5) Filling The top carbon dioxide filling valve opens, and carbon dioxide or other inert gas is filled into the bottle from the annular groove to drive the air out of the neck.

(6) Pressure Relief The pressure relief valve opens and the pressure in the bottle escapes through the needle valve in the pressure relief channel to the annular groove.

(2) atmospheric pressure filling machine

Many beverages, such as fruit juice, milky beverages, as well as syrups in the secondary filling of soft drinks, which do not contain carbon dioxide itself, generally use atmospheric pressure filling machine.

Atmospheric pressure filling machine is mainly composed of filling system, in and out of the bottle mechanism, lifting the bottle cans mechanism, worktable, transmission system, etc., used to fill non-gas-containing liquids, this type of filling machine is generally rotary.

Under the action of the transmission system, the rotary axis drives the turntable and the quantitative cup together with the rotary, liquid from the storage cylinder through the pipeline by weight into the quantitative cup. Under the action of the cam, the bottle bracket drives the bottle to rise. When the mouth of the bottle against the cap disk rising spring compression, at this time the slide valve in the activity of the inner hole of the quantitative cup upward sliding. With the rotary axis rotary, has set a good amount of cup has turned away from the bottom of the feed tube, into the filling position. When the slide valve rises so that the liquid inlet holes open when the liquid will flow into the bottle, the bottle gas from the four small grooves on the lower surface of the cap disk discharge, complete a bottle filling task. As the turntable rotates, the dosing cup enters directly underneath it one by one to complete the dosing work, and when it turns away from the dosing position and enters the filling position, it starts to fill bottles again, and so on and so forth in a continuous and uninterrupted manner.

(C) negative pressure filling machine

It is often called vacuum filling machine. This filling method is to make the storage box at atmospheric pressure, in the filling, only the bottle pumping to form a vacuum, to a certain degree of vacuum, the liquid by the liquid injection box and the container between the pressure difference between the role of the bottle to complete the filling. It is mainly used for filling liquids that do not contain gas, such as fruit juice. Because of filling under vacuum, so when the bottle or can leakage stop filling, can reduce the loss. But in a vacuum, for some liquids with aroma, to lose some flavor

Negative pressure filling method for the bottle specifications are more stringent, because it is quantitatively determined by the depth of the filling nozzle into the bottle, the bottle volume directly affects the accuracy of the quantitative. However, it is still widely used because it is easy to adjust. CIP is the abbreviation of clean in place or in-place cleaning. It is defined as: without disassembling or moving the device, you can use high temperature, high concentration of cleaning liquid, the device to a strong action, and the food contact surface of the method of cleaning.

Thus, CIP is completely without disassembling the mechanical devices and pipelines, can be brushed, cleaned and sterilized. In the cleaning process and can reasonably deal with washing, cleaning, sterilization and economy, energy saving and other relations, is an optimization of cleaning management technology. CIP device is suitable for direct contact with fluid materials, multi-pipe sterilization mechanical devices, such as juice beverages, dairy products, fruit juice concentrate, soybean milk using in situ cleaning (i.e., CIP cleaning) is a beverage production plant is commonly used methods to ensure the quality of the product. The purpose of cleaning is to remove the residues on the equipment and pipe walls to ensure that health indicators are met. In general, continuous use of 6 ∽ 8h must be a cleaning. In special circumstances, when found that the production capacity is significantly reduced, should be immediately cleaned.

The purpose of cleaning is to remove the dirt adhering to the machinery to prevent microorganisms from growing in between. To get rid of the dirt, the cleaning system must be able to supply the washing capacity needed to overcome the contaminants. There are three sources of washing capacity, namely, the kinetic energy generated from the flow of the cleaning solution, the chemical energy generated from the detergent, and the thermal energy in the cleaning solution. These three capacities have complementary effects. Also, the factor of capacity is related to the factor of time. In the same state, the longer the washing time is the better the washing effect.

CIP has the following advantages:

(1) It can maintain a certain washing effect to improve the safety of the product;

(2) Saving operation time and improving efficiency, saving labor and ensuring the safety of the operation, and saving the water and steam for washing;

(3) Stable level of hygiene, and saving the dosage of cleaning agent;

(4) Production equipment can be large-scale, high level of automation;

(5) increase the durability of the production equipment years.