Social Life and Customs of the Song Dynasty

Social life and customs of the Song Dynasty can be seen in Qingming Shanghe Tu.

I. People's clothing, food, housing and transportation

Clothing: The clothing of the Song Dynasty embodied the hierarchical nature and the characteristics of different trades. Clothing materials also had a big change, from linen to cotton, linen is still the most important clothing materials.

Food: the Song dynasty food variety is very rich. North and South dietary exchanges were common, but in general, the North to noodle-based South mainly ate rice. Tea and wine were the usual beverages.

Housing: city dwellers lived in tiled houses, peasants lived in thatched huts, and bureaucrats, landlords and wealthy merchants lived in garden-style homes. There is a wide variety of furniture, and tall furniture is widely used.

Line: Song people walking tools are divided into two categories of land and water, mainly sedan chair, car, horse, mule, donkey, ox, pack. Large sea vessels and compass.

Two. City cultural life

1. Tile house: the city has a number of places for residents to entertain. The Song Dynasty should be countless throughout the country of the tea shop, and related to it also produced a variety of social roles and industries. Tea house is with the tea drinking in the social life of the increasingly generalized and the emergence of a specialized industry, the workshop is a large number of restaurants, people mixed, often reflecting the characteristics of all aspects of the social life of the citizens, there is a very strong social and public nature. Song early extermination of Shu, after all the gold, silver, jade, paintings and calligraphy in the Palace of Shu were collected by the Song army, "Taizu read Shu Palace drawings, asked for its use, said, to serve the Lord. Taizu said, the sole collection of which if the crowd to view evil? So to give the East Gate outside the tea house". He believes that the pictures hung in the tea house can be viewed with the public, visible tea house in social life in contact with the civilian population of the breadth. And Cai taping described the Song dynasty "meet the anti-smoking festival, to the Qingming day is given a new fire" meet the ruling, retainers and other miscellaneous bachelor's degree or above, and those who are called "fast walkers, Moshi Shuang more than on the ruling, retainers of the door, the tea house people house to take fire heat candles, to be burned by", citing "Tea House" to refer to the civil class in society, can also see the tea house in the life of the civil society in the representative.

In addition to the operation of the tea, or for other industries to provide venues and more charges for the reason, will also operate with the season some other items. Such as "Tokyo Dreaming Records" Volume 2 recorded Bianjing Pan Lou East Street, "Tea House every five lights Bo Yi buy and sell clothes, paintings, collars, and so on, to the dawn that is dispersed. Ye Mengde "Stone Forest Records": "Yu Shao Sheng between the spring officials down to the first, back to the road recorded wall county, the world thought out of the strange stone. Yu was sick, I heard the tea house more to sell." Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou, "since the old night of winter Meng driving back, ...... Tianjie tea shop gradually has been listing lamps such as balls for sale, called the lights market, since then, every night are all the same. Explain that the tea shop in the Lantern Festival also operated at the same time the light market.

2. The reason for the emergence of the Washoe: the prosperity of the city; commercial development; the expanding class of citizens.

3. Song Dynasty Tokyo in the city layout, business practices, the face of urban life and Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty similarities and differences: ① the population of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty, greatly exceeded the Tang Dynasty Chang'an. ①Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty broke the boundary of "square" and "city", changed the urban layout of the former capital and the pre-Tang Dynasty system of square capital, and opened up a new stage in the history of the development of urban commerce in China's feudal society. ③The night market and morning market appeared in Tokyo of the Northern Song Dynasty, breaking the time restriction on commercial activities in the former capital city. ④Tokyo of the Northern Song Dynasty saw the emergence of entertainment centers called "Wajian". ⑤Tokyo of the Northern Song Dynasty had a well-connected transportation network, especially the waterway of Bian River was the most important. It could not only lead to Jianghuai, Zhejiang, Jinghu, but also most of the goods from Lingnan, Sichuan and Shu entering the capital went through this river.

4. Characteristics of the development of commodity economy in the Song Dynasty: Compared with other dynasties, the economic development of the Song Dynasty has the following characteristics: (1) urban commercial prosperity, the streets and alleys are distributed with stores and workshops, the city's commercialization is very strong. (2) The time spent in business was long, basically day and night. (3) Commercialization of entertainment. (4) The emergence of paper money to facilitate trade. (5) Foreign trade was active.

III. Rich Festival Life

1. There were many festivals in the Song Dynasty, such as the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Chungyang Festival.

2. The Spring Festival of the Song Dynasty was called the New Year's Day or Yuan Day, which was the grandest of all festivals in the year, and the Lantern Festival was also called the Festival of Lights.

3. In the Song Dynasty, the Spring Festival, also known as New Year's Day, was given the most importance. A few days before New Year's Day, people cleaned their homes and prepared for the festival. On New Year's Eve, the people should worship ancestors, welcome the gods and Buddha, hang New Year's paintings, stick "peach symbols". Families sit around the fireplace, drinking and singing until dawn, known as the "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Day, it was customary to set off firecrackers, wear new clothes and pay homage to the New Year. The streets were covered with colorful scaffoldings and goods of all kinds, and the opera houses and dance halls were crowded with people, and even women came out to have fun.

The details can be seen as follows:

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