Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine-How to Process Chinese Herbal Pieces (1)

People in China like to drink Chinese medicine to cure diseases, and they can't drink Chinese medicine without knowing the processing knowledge of Chinese medicine.

Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal pieces and Chinese patent medicines are the three pillars of the Chinese medicine industry. The substances used by Chinese medicine to treat diseases in clinic are Chinese herbal pieces and pharmaceutical preparations, which are made into Chinese herbal pieces through certain processing and supply formulas and preparations. The curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine is actually the curative effect of Chinese herbal pieces, so Chinese herbal pieces are at the center of the three pillars.

The processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces is the concentrated embodiment and core of Chinese medicine skills, which is produced and continuously accumulated and developed in the long-term medical practice of Chinese medicine in past dynasties.

The processing of traditional Chinese medicine is a pharmaceutical technology based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, according to the needs of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and according to the nature of the medicine itself and the different requirements of preparations, which is a major feature of traditional Chinese medicine.

First, the origin and development of traditional Chinese medicine processing

The written records of Chinese medicine processing began in the Warring States Period. The earliest extant medical classic Huangdi Neijing in China has a record of "treating Pinellia ternata" in the decoction for treating "blindness", which shows that the disease was treated with conventional drugs. By the Han Dynasty, according to relevant data, there were many processing methods, such as steaming, frying, roasting, roasting, refining, boiling, boiling, burning, cutting, grinding, filing, mashing, washing with wine, frying with wine, soaking in water, washing with soup, scraping skin, removing core, removing wings and feet, and removing hair. At the same time, cooking theory began to be established. In the preface of China's first medical work, Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica, he wrote: "Drugs are toxic and nontoxic, dry in the shade and violently dry. When they are collected, cooked, unearthed and authentic in Xin Chen, they have their own methods ... If they are toxic and appropriate, they can be used to kill each other, but they should not be used together." During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the first monograph on processing Lei Gong came out in China. The recorded processing methods mainly include steaming, boiling, frying, roasting, roasting, soaking and flying. This book has a great influence on the development of Chinese medicine processing in later generations, and some processing methods still have great reference value today. By the Ming Dynasty, the processing of traditional Chinese medicine had developed more comprehensively. Theoretically, in Materia Medica, Chen Jiamo systematically discussed the action principle of some processing accessories, which was recorded as: "wine system upgrade; Ginger diverges; Salted kidney is still soft and firm; Inject vinegar into the liver meridian to save pain; Children's defecation system is poor; Rice drying, neutral; Milk moistens and dries again to help nourish yin and blood, and honey is sweet and difficult to increase Yuan Yin; Chen Bi's homemade stolen gas suddenly poured into the coke; Wheat bran is cool, so don't hurt the upper diaphragm; Black bean soup, licorice soup, insolate and detoxify until it is peaceful ... ". He also stressed: "Where medicines are manufactured, the responsibility is moderate. If it is not enough, the effect is hard to find. If there are too many, the taste will be gone. " Li Shizhen, a medical scientist, is a master of many schools. In his magnum opus Compendium of Materia Medica, there is a special course "Cultivation and Treatment", which records the methods of various factions.

Some processing methods are discussed by using the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Later, Miao Xiyong added the common processing methods at that time and put forward 17 kinds of processing methods in his book "Processing Dafa" on the basis of "Leigong Processing Theory". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), due to the great concern and attention of the Party and the people's government, the Chinese medicine processing industry has developed rapidly. Relevant departments all over the country sorted out the processing experience with a long history scattered in this area. On this basis, most parts of the country have formulated and published processing specifications. At the same time, the state has also incorporated the processing contents of traditional Chinese medicine into the Pharmacopoeia and published many monographs on processing. For example, "Integration of Chinese Medicine Processing Experience" published by People's Health Publishing House and "Chinese Medicine Processing Science" published by Jiangsu People's Publishing House. In terms of scientific research, at present, many Chinese medicine research institutions in China have carried out research on the processing of Chinese medicine and have a certain scientific research team. In terms of production, the scale of processing and production of traditional Chinese medicine has been continuously expanded, and the quality of decoction pieces has been gradually improved. With China's technological innovation, processing equipment has been gradually mechanized, such as rolling medicine cleaning machine, peeling machine, weighing machine, slicer, various types of electric frying pans and so on. These will develop towards automation and linkage.

Second, the processing of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical efficacy

1. Processing is the characteristic of clinical medication in traditional Chinese medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine mostly comes from plants, animals and minerals in nature. The medicinal part contains certain medicinal components, but there are often some non-medicinal parts, which affect the curative effect, and the efficacy of different medicinal parts is also different. While the original medicinal materials play a therapeutic role, some adverse reactions may occur, which need to be processed and adjusted to increase the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages to meet the requirements of clinical treatment. Therefore, Chinese medicine clinical prescription drugs are all processed pieces. Because of the complex components of traditional Chinese medicine, a medicine often has multiple functions, and traditional Chinese medicine often does not use all the functions of the medicine, but chooses according to the condition. Therefore, it is necessary to select the original sexual function through processing and weigh the advantages and disadvantages, so that some functions are prominent, some functions are weakened, and some functions that are not conducive to treatment disappear, and strive to meet the treatment needs of diseases. There are many reasons for diseases. The development of diseases is varied, with different symptoms, viscera attributes, likes and dislikes, and pathological conditions. Therefore, these factors should be considered when choosing cubic drugs and processed products. For example, Ligustrum lucidum can not only tonify the yin of liver and kidney, but also clear away deficiency and heat. Its medicinal properties are relatively peaceful, nourishing yin but not greasy, and clearing away heat without hurting Yang Qi. It is really a good medicine for nourishing yin and tonifying kidney. However, raw or cooked use is related to the change of illness. When patients suffer from liver and kidney yin deficiency and constipation due to intestinal dryness, raw products can be used, which can not only nourish liver and kidney, but also moisten intestinal dryness, giving consideration to both, and the dosage should be large; When constipation has gone and the yin deficiency of liver and kidney has not been completely eliminated, Ligustrum lucidum should be used in addition to adjusting the prescription to enhance its power of nourishing liver and kidney, so as to avoid intestinal slippery caused by excessive raw food. It can be seen that Chinese medicine must be processed to meet the requirements of syndrome differentiation and flexible medication, so processing is a major feature of Chinese medicine.

2. Processing directly affects the clinical efficacy.

Drug processing is a summary of long-term clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicine. The determination of treatment methods should be based on clinical needs. Whether the processing technology is proper or not directly affects the clinical curative effect.

2. 1 traditional Chinese medicine preparation and its curative effect

Although the method of drug purification is relatively simple, it has a great influence on the curative effect. Therefore, before clinical use, traditional Chinese medicine basically has to be purified before it can be used as medicine. Since ancient times, physicians have attached great importance to the purification of traditional Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine is also required to be used as "pure medicine" after purification. Purification is listed as one of the three processing methods in China Pharmacopoeia.

2.2 Softening, Cutting and Clinical Efficacy

Before cutting the medicine, it needs to be softened by soaking, so that the hardness is moderate and it is convenient for cutting the medicine. However, it is very important to control the time and water absorption of water treatment. If the soaking time is too long and the water absorption rate is too high, the ingredients in the medicinal materials will be lost in large quantities, which will reduce the curative effect and bring difficulties to the drying of the decoction pieces. When using steam to soften medicinal materials, it is necessary to control the temperature and time to avoid destroying the effective components.

When cutting, the pieces are uneven, the thickness and the particle size are too different, so there will be different dissolution of drug components during the decocting process. If further heating is needed, there will be uneven heating, different raw and cooked, and different drug effects. For example, the Guizhi decoction in Wei Ying is reconciled, in which Guizhi wins with qi and Paeonia lactiflora wins with taste. If Radix Paeoniae Alba is cut into thick slices, the decocting time is difficult to control. The decoction time is short, although it can completely nourish the qi of cassia twig, but it loses the taste of peony; If the decoction takes a long time, you can take the taste of peony, but lose the qi of cassia twig. In the prescription, cassia twig and white peony root are the main drugs, which can be evenly sliced and decocted for a proper time to achieve the purpose of preserving odor. Drying of debris is also very important. Due to the high water content, the cut pieces will go moldy and deteriorate if they are not dried in time. Improper drying method and temperature will also cause the loss of effective components, especially those containing volatile components or sensitive to sunlight. If high temperature drying or sun exposure is used, the curative effect will be obviously reduced.