Why are Maori the most combative people? What is the history of Maori?

Legend has it that they lived in New Zealand around14th century, and some people drifted in the Pacific Ocean for a long time in big canoes. These aborigines are called Maori. Their skin is brown. They are very hardworking and brave. Anthropologists don't understand their origins either. They are better at making tools than the aborigines in mainland Australia. Stone axes are their main labor tools, as well as stone drills, chisels, carving knives and other tools. They are also engaged in agricultural labor, and often use a method called. Dig a stick? Digging tools.

This tool is a bit like our hoe here. We use it for digging and planting sweet potatoes. In terms of being able to grow food, they are more civilized than Australian aborigines. Maori also have a strict social division of labor, and everyone has clear rules for what to do. Men cultivate and collect food; Women cook, knit utensils, spin and weave. In addition, some craftsmen specialize in making stone tools and wooden boats, while others specialize in building houses or carving. These specialized craftsmen are called. Expert? , is highly respected in society. Many of these craftsmen's skills are kept secret, but they have been handed down from generation to generation.

Maori also attach great importance to their family history and write down their genealogy. It has been more than 20 generations since they came to New Zealand. Now scientists can infer that Maori arrived in New Zealand around 1350. Maori have the ability to repair houses, and their houses are not bad. They often build houses together and enclose them with walls or ditches. When invaded by foreign enemies, we can organize resistance. What do Maori call this walled village? Dad? . Are you online? Dad? A big warehouse is often built in the village to store the whole village's grain, such as sweet potatoes, thousands of fish and so on. They don't have the concept of private property, and everyone shares the fruits of labor. They also have entertainment buildings, such as clubs, which the Maori call Wa Reva.

From18th century to19th century, some changes have taken place in the primitive tribal life of Maori. Some tribal leaders often wage wars and treat prisoners as their slaves. In this way, new social classes emerged: slave owners and slaves. However, the status of slaves is not fixed in the system. For example, children of slaves are freemen, not slaves.

Maori have their own religion. The biggest feature of this religion is to worship leaders and regard them as gods. Not only the leader himself is not allowed to approach casually, but also the house where he lives and the things he uses, including food, are not allowed to move. If anyone moves, they will be put to death. In this way, of course, the leadership is very powerful and arrogant. Generally speaking, only the bravest and strongest people are qualified to be leaders. In battle, leaders are always in the forefront.

Maori like singing and dancing. Their songs and dances are full of fighting flavor. The dancer twisted her body violently, made a ferocious appearance from time to time, opened her eyes and stuck out her tongue, as if venting her desire to fight. Generally speaking, Maori are the bravest and most combative people among the indigenous peoples in Oceania. When the western colonists set foot on their land, they found that they met a tough opponent.

1642, a Dutchman named Tasman sailed near the Australian mainland for the first time. Did you find it? I visited this beautiful island country. 1769, the famous navigator James? Captain Cook came to this island country again. From then on, white Europeans began to haunt this beautiful island country. The first Europeans who lived here for a long time were not good citizens. They are either prisoners who escaped from Australia, or crew members who can't stand the hardships on the ship and sneak away. They were the first white immigrants from New Zealand, and some of them learned to live like Maori in order to survive on this island far from the mainland. Over time, they have become a bit like Maori in appearance and habits. Is that what the local Maori call them? Parker Hamori? , that is to say? Local Europeans? .

When Britain colonized Australia, it included New Zealand. From 18 14, British missionaries began to enter New Zealand and found that there were rich treasures here. So Britain wants to completely annex this land. The first thing they did was to cheat the Maori leaders and induce them to sign 1840? Treaty? Maori were asked to sell their land to the king of England. Since then, British immigrants have been coming here continuously. British industrial production at that time needed a lot of wool. These immigrants raise sheep on New Zealand soil.

In order to let more white people go to New Zealand and raise more sheep for Britain, the British government trumpeted the discovery of gold in New Zealand. This is a terrible thing. Many people who want to get rich flock to New Zealand to try their luck. Only when they arrived here did they find that they had been cheated, but they couldn't go back and had to stay.

1840 when Maori leaders signed a treaty with Britain (this treaty was later called? Treaty of Waitangi? ), I also hope to get the protection of the Queen of England and live a good life from now on. But a few years later, they found themselves completely edited. According to their own interpretation of the treaty, the British constantly invaded Maori land and drove them to desolate places.

One of the strongest Maori leaders, his name is Te? Lauberach, he started to resist at 1843, and lit 30 years old? Maori war? Fire. At the beginning of the war, Gray, the British appointed governor of New Zealand, was very fierce and cunning, and the Maori resistance failed. Raubrahe was tricked into being locked up on a warship, and other leaders were suppressed. Gray made a fortune in New Zealand. He bought indigenous land at a low price or simply seized it and sold it to immigrants from Europe at a high price. While suppressing Maori resistance, he built some hospitals and schools for Maori and collected Maori proverbs and cultural materials. In this way, the Maori are not sure whether this person is a friend or an enemy. Gray is really skilled. He not only suppressed Maori resistance, but also won himself a good reputation for caring about Maori culture.

In order to stabilize New Zealand as soon as possible, 1852, Governor Gray promulgated a more democratic and enlightened constitution than other Australian colonies, and also won the status of a dominion for New Zealand. From then on, New Zealanders can handle their own affairs. This was unusual more than 100 years ago, because other British colonies had not obtained this privilege. This change in New Zealand has attracted more Europeans to come here.

When Maori saw their land fall into the hands of white people, they could not help but be angry and afraid. White people first occupied the land in the South Island of New Zealand. Because there are not many Maori in the South Island, there is no way to resist. When the white people arrived in the North Island, the Maori began to resist fiercely. 1858, originally scattered and isolated Maori tribes began to unite, formally established their first country, and elected their own king, who ruled a large area south of Auckland. Do people still call this place today? Kingdom? .

With their own country and king, Maori began to violently resist the oppression of white people, especially those who attacked them? Buy? Someone who gives them land, or someone who measures it. 1860, Maori angrily burned down an English farm, which triggered a total war.

Britain sent 3000 troops to suppress and set fire to a Maori village. The kingdom of Maori also sent troops to the war, and the two sides squared up and fought two large-scale positional wars, still regardless of the outcome.

Maori are brave and good at fighting, not afraid of sacrifice. What is their slogan? To die for your country is to die a fair death? . They are different from other aborigines in mainland Australia. Some of their leaders did business with British businessmen as early as 19 century, exchanged their local products for some British guns, and learned to use British tactics. This time, the Maori used everything they had learned. However, although the Maori are brave and good at fighting, they are very human and honest. For example, once a large group of British people were surrounded, and the Maori sent them food. Maori believe that a real warrior should fight and fail on the battlefield. If these Englishmen starve to death, how can we fight? In this way, Maori lost many chances to win. At the same time, they do not attack the marching British troops, nor do they seize the weapons and food that the British troops are transporting. To make matters worse, they had to inform the British of the date of the attack. In the battle prepared by the British army in advance, the Maori attack was not only difficult to succeed, but was in a passive defense state. Of course, Maori suffered. ?

In the first war between the Maori and the British in Taranaki, Maori soldiers showed bravery and the invading British suffered heavy casualties. Later, the British smashed the Maori fortress with heavy artillery, and 186 1 won. However, because the British army suffered too many casualties, the war was temporarily stopped.

1863 does the white government in New Zealand allow whites? Confiscate? Maori land angered Maori again, and the war was even more cruel. British regular army and local white armed forces, unite against Maori? Kingdom? At the center of the attack. Maori built very strong fortresses in these areas and killed many British people. After increasing its strength, the British army finally occupied Rangory Mountain, one of the main positions of Maori. 1863 65438+February, the British finally captured it with advanced weapons? Kingdom? The capital of the village of Ngaruvasia. The Maori refused to surrender and continued fighting.

Historians call it. Maori war? Enter a more cruel stage. The Maori have one of the strongest fortresses, called Patranji Fortress, which is also equipped with cannons bought from the British. This fortress is too strong for the British to attack, so they ran to attack another very important fortress in Hautcolas. This fortress has three walls and more than 300 Maori soldiers, including 20 female soldiers. In the fierce attack of the British army, Maori soldiers ran out of bullets, food and water, and they still insisted on fighting. The British wanted them to surrender, but the Maori soldiers refused. The British also suggested that Maori female soldiers could go out, and the female soldiers bravely refused. They still insist on fighting.

Finally, some soldiers rushed out and others died on the ground. Although the British army achieved great success in this battle, they were also impressed by the heroism of Maori soldiers. Since then, they dare not go deep into it easily? Kingdom? The mainland, only dare to harass on the edge. Therefore, the war is going on intermittently. Until 1866, the British regular army retreated, leaving only one regiment. Thousands of Maori soldiers are still there? Kingdom? Insist on fighting in the inner castle. Finally, the British defeated the Maori by taking advantage of the division within the Maori. 1872, the main leader of Maori announced that he would stop fighting. What do Maori call it? The anger of white people? The war is over.

The blood of Maori soldiers did not flow in vain, and the British had to make some concessions to Maori. Maori and whites got the right to vote, and the white government recognized that Maori and whites were equal in law. 1872 two seats in the upper house of new Zealand are reserved for Maori, and the kingdom of Maori is recognized as independent, and British officials and land surveyors are not allowed to enter? Kingdom? The territory of.

The heroic battle of Maori made the fate of Maori completely different from that of other colonial aborigines. They first gained the same status as whites, and they also influenced whites with their own culture. White culture and Maori culture have now been very harmoniously combined, and everyone gets along well, which is of course very beneficial to New Zealand's national construction.