What is China's traditional aesthetics?

In a word, with the development of history, China's traditional aesthetics absorbed the aesthetic interests of Taoism and Zen Buddhism on the basis of Confucian rites and music tradition, and presented different aesthetic characteristics in different periods.

China's aesthetics cannot be separated from the word "beauty".

/6 159252 DD 42 a 2834 EC 5873 c 250 b5 c 9 ea 14 cebf 79？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 The original volume of Shuo Wen Jie Zi is the dried leaves of Siyang Department. From sheep to big. Sheep among six livestock owners? Rice is also. Beautiful? Good agreement. Do you care about me? Wait: this sheep is very big.

In other words, "the bigger the sheep, the more beautiful it is." The main meal is also delicious. It is easy to understand that this is a kind of sensory pleasure.

There is also a saying that "sheep are beautiful." Art originated from witchcraft. There are several theories about the origin of art. Ancient wizards wore sheep's heads and were in charge of witchcraft etiquette. This is a kind of beauty with social and cultural functions.

The origin of poetry is the spell of witchcraft. Witchcraft and dance were the same word in ancient times. Confucian etiquette comes from ancient witchcraft etiquette, and music is also witchcraft etiquette, which will be discussed in detail later.

Now let's talk about the tradition of rites and music.

/d 439 b 6003 af 33 a 870 b 9345d 3 CD 5 c 10385243 b 579？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。

It is born out of ancient witchcraft and needs a set of codes of conduct and norms. It is to mold people directly and follow certain rules and procedures. It is also the core of Confucianism. Everyone knows, so I won't say much. Pursuing harmony.

happy

Music and harmony, music and singing and dancing are linked together and are the core of sacrifice. After the differentiation of rites and music, music comes from China, and rites and music works come from outside. Music is a direct appeal to people's inner feelings, directly from the heart.

Musicians, the sum of heaven and earth, owners and the order of heaven and earth. Pursuing harmony between heaven and earth.

Etiquette can be understood as rationality (Confucianism is rationality), and music can be understood as moderate sensibility (it is based on emotion, but only on ceremony, against those who have fun to save happiness). Restrict and restrain people's perceptual desires with courtesy, and the restraint of courtesy lies in satisfying desires (yes, but not completely). China is not as extreme a tragedy as the West, and there is no strong emotional conflict, but like Dionysus, it is the mutual restraint of rites and music. The mutual restriction of rites and music requires that China's art should not go to extremes.

It is important to understand the basis of China's aesthetics. No matter how he absorbed new aesthetic concepts and theories in his later period, he never jumped out of this tradition of rites and music.

The early rites and music poems all served politics, and they were all aimed at maintaining the stability of the group and educating the people. That's what the so-called courtesy and peace mean. Inspire and help others. Music can be beneficial and touching. Ceremony, music, punishment and politics are not contradictory, so the king is ready.

/3c 6d 55 FB B2 FB 43 16d 1 a 63 FB 32 ba 4462308 f 7d 3 ba？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Scholar-officials are advocates of ethics, politics and religion, and advocate that literature should be based on Taoism. However, with the development of society, ethics, politics and rationality can't control the emotional requirements, so Confucianism will continue to absorb Taoism. It will be mentioned in detail later.

The core of Confucianism: humanization of nature.

The benevolent enjoys water, while the wise enjoys mountains. The landscape world is a symbol in the view of Confucianism, which has ideographic function. It is a "meaningful form". It has ethical and moral implications. As a moral symbol, nature points to real life and society. The attitude towards nature falls on man, who is always the master of nature, and the subject of man is higher than the natural object. For example, Xunzi emphasized that "heaven and man are one, heaven and man are interlinked, and heaven and man are connected,

As the subject, man's conquest of nature (directly influenced the art of conquering the world in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties). Nature is personified. But this is not a religion, not a god, not a Buddha, but a man. Confucianism does not pursue eternity, but clings to the present. Transcendence and immortality are in the present world, in the interpersonal and perceptual world.

Beauty lies in norms, forms and order.

Compared with Taoism, Confucianism is secular.

The core of Taoism: the naturalization of human beings.

Confucianism is a member of the WTO, optimistic and enterprising, and helps the world.

Taoism is born, retired and independent.

Saving the world and being independent are also the persistent contradictions of the literati in the past dynasties, and they are also complementary methods. Being in the Jianghu, I have a heart of Wei Que. This is easy to understand. For example, I want to make great achievements and make a name for myself. I want to live in the mountains, stay away from the hubbub, and have half an acre of fertile land and green mountains and green waters. This is influenced by the historical accumulation of Confucianism and Taoism.

Confucianism establishes personal value from interpersonal relationship, while Taoism seeks value from getting rid of interpersonal relationship. Taoism pursues the happiness and freedom brought by spiritual detachment, forgetting things and things, and forgetting gains and losses. Heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me. The requirement of losing the subject is to be integrated with nature. My subject and object are the same as Tao.

Enjoy the blend of self and nature, and directly appeal to emotion itself. Bound senses and hearts bound by symbols have abandoned these and become nothingness, so that heaven and earth can be perceived.

/a08b 87d 6277 f 9 e 2 f 9 b 6358 c 1 1430 e 924 b 999 F3 a 1？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Beauty lies in inner personality and spiritual ideal, not in appearance, which expands the scope of beauty in China and introduces ugliness into beauty. Such as strange stones, clumsy pens and strange structures. Therefore, China's art has been greatly liberated, and there is no need to stick to conventions or haggle over procedures.

It goes without saying that there is great beauty in heaven and earth.

Subordinate self-heating, harmony with nature, and natural identity. For the literati, nature is not only the object of appreciation, but also among them.

Traditional Chinese painting: it is better to live and travel than to live and have hope.

The beauty of calligraphy and painting should be based on god, but it is difficult to ask for it.

It leads to the highest artistic standard of China's painting: vivid charm. Vivid charm can't be explained by concept. The more you interpret it, the farther away it is from the original intention. This is not a coincidence and time can do. Skills and proficiency may not be reached. This is related to the personal personality realm. Qi is a kind of vitality, energy and potential.

Confucianism pursues Tao with symbolic reference, while Taoism pursues it unintentionally. There is no discomfort in the same thing, and it is forgotten without discomfort.