Shandong folk characteristics.

Shandong is known as "the state of Qilu, the hometown of etiquette", Luzhong Plain is characterized by farming culture, Weifang kites, Yangjiabu New Year's Paintings exudes a strong smell of the soil; Jiaodong coastal fishermen's style is rich, rugged and unrestrained; Lucy region is a deep tradition, is the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. Under the cultivation of the unique regional culture, Shandong's folk customs are diverse in style and endless in life. In this land, Shandong folk art called the whole country.

The two customs of Qi and Lu coexist, and Shandong folklore has formed its own series. In ancient times, Shandong was divided into two countries, Qi and Lu, and the two different regions formed different styles of folklore and have always existed relative to each other, influencing each other but forming their own styles. The eastern part of Shandong is Qi and the western part is Lu. Because of the deep influence of the two ancient countries on later generations, Shandong is still called "Qi and Lu". The different folklore of Qi and Lu formed the regional differences of Shandong folklore. Qi folklore inherited the cultural traditions of the Eastern Barbarians and was less bound by the rituals of the Zong and Zhou, and was colored by the commodity economy. Lu folklore, on the other hand, attempted to replace the original cultural traditions with Zhou rituals, and was more characterized by a natural economy.

Shandong's two major folklore traditions selected as national intangible cultural heritage

In 2006, Yangjiabu New Year's Paintings in Weifang, Shandong Province, and Pugu New Year's Paintings in Gaomi, Shandong Province, were selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.

The Gaomi Puffing Ashes New Year Painting is unique in the country, in which the artist uses willow charcoal to make a draft, and then uses the paper to make copies of the draft, which can be made in several sheets, and because of this trick, it has the name of "Puffing Ashes". After the drawing, a whole process of hand-painting is added in order to draw a beautiful picture. Puffing gray New Year's paintings originated in the early Ming Dynasty, most of the initial works are statues of gods and ink screen flowers. By the end of the Qianlong period, there were more and more local people making ash-colored New Year's paintings. Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, it developed into two main schools: "Old Wipe Paintings" and "Red Goods". Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer works of ash painting, and the works of the two schools of artists that survive are particularly valuable.

Yangjiabu woodblock prints began in the Ming Dynasty during the reign of Hongwu, and have a history of more than 600 years. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Yangjiabu woodblock prints were sold both inside and outside the province. Yangjiabu New Year paintings have various themes, auspicious and lively, bright colors, with strong folk colors. According to different posting directions, they can be divided into door paintings, kangtou paintings and other varieties. Yangjiabu New Year's Paintings are made on woodblock prints. The production of wooden plates is a meticulous work, requiring careful carving, and some of the plates can be preserved for many years. In the hands of some folk artists, there are woodblocks handed down from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Carve a good version, but also layers of color, printed on paper, a New Year's Eve usually have to be on the 6-8 color to complete, are handmade, most of the scene printing.

Eight folklore called the country

Jinan, Shandong Province, known as the "capital of the face" in Jinan arts and crafts, face painting has become one of the most regional characteristics of a species. Jinan's bright colors, delicate techniques, the application of finger twisting, kneading, rubbing, and then with a knife, grate, needle rubbing, cutting, pointing made of figures, clothing and appearance of realistic and evocative, especially for the Chinese ancient drama characters is particularly professional. Jinan City Folk Art Museum, Liu Xuebin curator, the birthplace of modern face painting is Shandong, the representative figure is Dong Fengqi, especially good at figure like. "The highest limit of face sculpture is micro sculpture, and the smallest micro sculpture of Dong Fengqi's characters is only one centimeter high."

Speaking of Shandong folklore, which is famous throughout the country, the art of paper-cutting has to be mentioned. A pair of scissors, a red paper, arbitrary cut out a variety of shapes, the imagination of which is surprising. It is understood that Shandong paper cutting to Fan Josin and Luan Yueying more famous. Shandong's paper-cutting style concise and bright, strong regional culture, skill and imagination in the country are very high. "Paper-cutting was originally used as a window decoration before it evolved into an art form." Curator Liu said, "Paper-cutting in Shandong has a long history and has gradually emerged since the invention of paper-making."

Weifang, Shandong Province, is a famous kite producing area in China, and kite-flying artists already appeared in folklore during the Ming Dynasty. Later, with the popularity of kite-flying, the art of kite-flying also reached its heyday. Weifang kites mainly have 3 basic shapes: string, hard wing and simple shape, among which the dragon head centipede is the most prominent. On the basis of inheriting the traditional essence, modern kites are constantly being renovated, winning the reputation of "Kite Art, Weifang No.1". Now Weifang has become a regular venue for the International Kite Festival. Liu Xuebin, director of Jinan Folk Art Museum, introduced that Shandong folklore, clay sculpture, shadow, branding, micro-carving and face painting and other Shandong folklore even in the country is also well known.

The influence of immigrant folklore on Shandong

Shandong folk culture from ancient times to the present day, due to immigration, transportation, go out to work and other reasons, the exchange between the regions continues to take place, manifested in the evolution of folklore, the formation of both absorption and openness of the situation.

The folk culture brought by immigrants had a profound impact on Shandong folklore. The beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the implementation of the "immigrants wide township" policy of the people's reclamation, from the Ming Hongwu two years to the Yongle years of a large number of immigrants from Shanxi Hongdong County, Dahuishu moved to Shandong, Dezhou, Binzhou, Liaocheng, Tai'an, Heze, Jining area, part of which has been moved by the Binzhou area to the east. In this way, Shanxi immigrants almost all over Shandong. Shanxi folklore influence Shandong, such as cold food festival does not make fire cooking. Northwest Lu several counties residents (now Liaocheng area), many of the early Ming Dynasty by the Zhili (now Hebei Province) Zaoqiang County immigrants, where they live, New Year's paintings, clay toys and other folk art, so far, and Zaoqiang style similar. In the early Ming Dynasty by the Sichuan immigrants to Shandong more concentrated in Laizhou, therefore, Laizhou customs more than not the same with the eastern neighbors, there are many cities and places have immigrants to Shandong, folklore is also different.

Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties flourished along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal dock towns, such as Shandong section of Dezhou, Linqing, Liaocheng (Dongchang), Jining, etc., by the north-south transportation, customs and other areas of Shandong are different. Most of these towns have a bamboo pole alley, concentrated in Jiangnan common bamboo weaving store, the street opened the teahouse, the layout of the store, selling tea, drinking tea is more or less the same. Jining's Yutang Sauce Garden, which was moved from Suzhou along the canal, has kept its products in the Gangnam style and still uses the signboard "Gusu Old Shop".

The typical example of the exchange of folklore and culture brought about by going out to work is the historical Shandong people going to Guandong, or "breaking into Guandong". Shandong people in the Guandong roughly two different types: one is to move with the family to live in the northeast village and mountainous areas, with the nature of the desert, commonly known as "forced to break into the Guandong"; a family in Shandong, but most of his life in the northeast business, commonly known as "live in the field". They will bring the customs of Shandong to the Northeast, and will bring the customs of the Northeast back to Shandong. Long-term exchanges between the two places have many similarities in folk culture, especially some of the same content of folk stories, such as the old bald-tailed Li and ginseng stories, etc., in Shandong and the Northeast are also widely circulated. Shandong customs influenced by the Northeast to Jiaodong most prominent.

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