? The origin of Wushu

Wushu is a traditional sport in China, which is based on the traditional culture of China and characterized by "both internal and external training" and "equal emphasis on skills and Taoism". In its long development process, Wushu is the essence of health preservation and a masterpiece of Wushu, which is mysterious and contains the mystery of China's traditional philosophy. Wushu, as a skill and skill, needs to be recognized, excavated, sorted out and developed.

In primitive society, people gradually learned to survive and defend themselves by punching, kicking, tripping and throwing. Especially after the germination of private ownership, the war between tribes has made the fighting technology between people develop continuously. Sanshou, also known as hero, is called Sanshou.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, wars were frequent, and "killing each other" was more common in the army and the people. In addition, militarily, the spread of Sun Tzu's art of war theory and martial arts theory has also developed.

In the Qin dynasty, it was called "hand-to-hand combat", which was very popular. 1975 There was a scene of "hand-to-hand combat" on the cultural relics unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Fenghuang Mountain, jiangling county, Hubei Province.

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, great attention was paid to "hand-to-hand combat" and "pancratium", and the competition almost formed a system. At that time, general rules could be seen in "unarmed" and "gladiatorial" competitions. First of all, they are not graded by weight; Second, the main skills are kicking, hitting and throwing. Activity venues are mostly held on square tables without protective gear. If you wear shorts naked during the competition, the punishment is not obvious, and the winner will get a generous reward.

Competition in Song Dynasty was very popular as an important means to strengthen the body and move hands and feet.

In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, unarmed combat technology developed rapidly, and the official competition was called fighting.

In the Qing Dynasty, with the prevalence of martial arts and the development of farmers, many martial arts clubs and gymnasiums appeared, so the skills were developed through competition, and "fighting" was also very popular among the people.

In the early years of the Republic of China, martial arts was in full swing.

Huo Yuanjia founded the Jason Wu Gymnastics School in Shanghai in 1909, and changed it to Jason Wu Sports Association in March 19 10.

1928 10, the first national examination was held by the Central Wushu Museum in Nanjing, and the competition lasted 10 days. Participants are teachers and students of the National Wushu Museum. Sanshou competition is two wins in three sets, and the system of double loss and elimination is adopted. The game is played on a rectangular court, and the style of play is not limited to genres, nor is it graded according to weight.

The point of the rule is that there is no protective gear. It is a foul for anyone to hit any part of his opponent with his hands, elbows, feet and knees. If you hit your eyes, throat and crotch, you will be disqualified for three fouls. If there is a serious foul, you will be disqualified from a game.

1933, the Central Martial Arts Museum held the "Second Martial Arts Examination" in Nanjing. Most provinces and cities have sent representatives, and the number is unlimited. The events include men's and women's Sanshou and men's and women's short soldiers

After the founding of New China, Wushu, as an excellent nation, has been inherited and developed. 1952, Wushu was officially listed as a promotion project. At first, Wushu routines were the focus of promoting performance competitions, but Sanshou was still welcomed by people. From1March, 979 to1March, 987, the State Sports Commission conducted many trials, and Sanshou was also very popular in the folk martial arts community, from1March, 979 to June, 65438+.

From 65438 to 0985, the first Wushu Sanshou Competition of the National Public Security Armed Police System was held in Nanning, which has since become an annual official competition of the public security system.

1988, the association held the first international Wushu Sanshou invitational tournament. Nearly 60 athletes from 15 countries and regions competed fiercely for three days.

1989, Sanshou was approved as an official sports event.

Wushu has a long history, and there are many schools of boxing. It not only has the functions of fighting, fitness and artistic aesthetics, but more importantly, Wushu was developed under the nourishment and cultivation of China traditional culture, and was influenced by China's ancient thoughts of Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism and a hundred schools of thought, including the theory of involvement and Sun Tzu's art of war, forming a unique Wushu culture. Dialectics of ancient philosophical thoughts are all embodied in the theory and practice of martial arts, such as Taiji Theory, Five Elements Theory, Eight Diagrams Theory, Yin and Yang Theory, Rigid and Flexible Theory, Life Restraint and other dialectical thoughts, and the moral standards followed by Wulin such as Confucian art without virtue, respecting teachers and respecting morality, humility and tolerance. Buddhist precepts such as compassion, benevolence-oriented, and turning evil into good. The combination of health care, traumatology massage and the application of Sun Tzu's Art of War in Wushu plays a core guiding and promoting role in theory.

After the development of Song and Yuan Dynasties, Wushu formed many schools. After the Ming Dynasty, it developed more rapidly, with many kinds of boxing and sects. In the early Qing Dynasty, Huang Zongxi once said that he was a scholar who studied both inside and outside. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, there was often a so-called South School and North School in Wulin, which was considered to be mainly Tai Ji Chuan, Xingyiquan and Bagua Palm. The northern school has some moves, such as jumping legs, checking boxing, octupole boxing, eight turns, opening the back, splitting and hanging, poking feet, Shaolin, long boxing, getting lost, lying boxing and so on. According to the nature and mountain geography, it is divided into Wutang School, Emei School, Shaolin School and Hengshan School, with Tai Chi, shape, meaning and gossip as the inner family and Shaolin and other animals as the outer family. There are more than 320 kinds of Wushu boxing, 750 kinds of boxing routines and 720 kinds of equipment routines circulating among people of all ethnic groups in China, which can be described as a hundred flowers blossom.

However, no matter what kind of boxing, ancient philosophical thoughts such as both form and spirit, internal and external cultivation, and the unity of opposites between yin and yang are all reflected in Wushu and directly blended into the theory and practice of Wushu. Many kinds of boxing emphasize the combination of rigidity and softness, with clear rhythm. For example, the requirements of long boxing, such as moving like a wave, being quiet like a yue, rising like an ape, falling like a magpie, standing like a chicken, standing like a pine, turning like a wheel and bending like a bow, reflect the relationship between Yin and Yang from different aspects. In the dynamic aspect of martial arts application, yin and yang are also, such as: taking the hand as yin, stopping the hand as yang, attacking as yang, defending as yin, using techniques, combining rigidity with softness, avoiding reality as emptiness, leading to defeat, arriving late first, and transforming yin and yang. , can be seen everywhere in the martial arts.

Pay attention to the shape without breaking the body, the strength is not sharp, the waist is like a shaft, the hand is like a star string, the outer part is loose and the inner part is tight, the spirit leads, there are advances and retreats, occupying the garden, drawing frogs, telescopic communication, flexibility and dexterity, ups and downs, rotating changes, and the requirements are that the upper part is virtual and the lower part is solid, the middle part is flexible, the lower part is stable, the flashing is flexible, the protection is tight, and both the merits and defenses are emphasized, while China emphasizes "cleverness"

Sanshou is an important part of Wushu, and it is the embodiment of applying what Wushu has learned.

In recent years, with the development of reform and opening up and national fitness, sports have entered thousands of households. With the deepening of marketization, Sanda is more and more loved by people at home and abroad, and its development has also experienced many twists and turns. Since 1989, Sanda has been approved as an official sport by the State Sports Commission, which has played a decisive role in the promotion of Wushu in China. Sanda is different from other sports and fighting techniques in other countries in the world. Sanda is a competitive sport, which highlights antagonistic characteristics. For the sake of safety, the technologies that easily cause people's disabilities, such as hugging, elbow and knee, are cancelled, and the forbidden parts are stipulated: crotch, back of the head and neck. Wushu Sanda is an excellent project of the Chinese nation, which has distinctive national characteristics and is developed on the basis of traditional Wushu technology. It is expressed by kicking, hitting and throwing techniques, and it follows the rules to complete the game on the designated venue.

Sanda has developed rapidly in recent years under the leadership of sports departments at all levels, and the level of training methods combined with modern science is also constantly improving.

With the vigorous development of world sports and the improvement of people's living standards, it has become a common practice for people to participate in sports and watch sports competitions, and Wushu exchanges between countries are also developing rapidly, competing to promote the Olympic Games. People not only appreciate its aesthetic value but also pay more attention to its practicality.

In the victory of boxing Sanda between China and the United States, we should also see the shortcomings. Sanda's position and sense of crisis in the world boxing have relaxed the restrictions on knee skills, but it is enough. Too many restrictions will only tie hands and feet. With the rise of free fighting in the world and the development of Wushu in various countries, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific training of Sanshou, excavate the traditional Wushu fighting theories and methods, discard the false and keep the true, and integrate them into the teaching and training of Sanda, so as to better carry forward the excellent fighting skills of the Chinese nation, find back the soul of Wushu, carry forward the Chinese prestige, strengthen the nation and welcome people all over the world.

, martial arts