What is the history of the emergence and development of western sociology?

The development history of western sociology is roughly as follows:

(1) The history of the emergence and development of western sociology has exceeded 170 years. It is generally believed that 1838 is marked by the publication of the fourth volume of the course of positive philosophy by Comte, a famous French scholar. In the fourth volume, Comte first put forward the concept of "sociology" and the general idea of establishing this discipline.

(2) Europe is the cradle of sociology. In the formative stage of sociology, the following five scholars and thinkers made outstanding contributions: ① Comte. He is recognized as the founder of sociology by western sociologists. He put forward the method and route of positivism in sociological research, holding that the research scope of sociology includes social dynamics and social statics, and put forward the famous three-stage theory of human spiritual development (theological stage, metaphysical stage and scientific stage), and devoted himself to transforming positivism into a "humane" religion in his later years. ② Marx. He analyzed the achievements and disadvantages of capitalism from the perspective of economics, and made a profound analysis of capitalist society. Das Kapital is a sociological work about capitalist society, and his class theory, conflict theory and alienation thought are permanent components of sociological theory. Spencer, English philosopher and sociologist. His social evolution theory and social organism theory greatly promoted sociology. (4) Durkheim, French sociologist. Great achievements have been made in sociological methods, social division of labor, suicide, religious sociology and other fields. ⑤ Weber, German sociologist and historian. He initiated the tradition of interpreting sociology.

(3) After sociology was introduced into the United States, it ushered in a period of vigorous development. Sumner first introduced sociology to the United States and taught sociology at Yale University. Chicago School of Sociology became the first school in the history of American sociology. The later "structural functional school" had a far-reaching impact on the development of sociology in the United States and even the world. After the 1960s, American sociology entered an unprecedented period of prosperity, making the United States still the most developed country in sociology in the world.

(4) Contemporary sociology has also made remarkable progress in the development of western European countries, forming some theoretical schools with its own characteristics. For example, the Frankfurt School represented by Habermas in Germany, the Structuralist Constructivism represented by Bourdieu in France and the Structuralist Theory represented by Giddens in Britain have all had an important impact on the current world sociology.