Crime Phenomenon in China and Its Countermeasures Crime Phenomenon:Causes and Countermeasures

Abstract: China is a socialist country with a much lower crime rate compared to capitalist countries, but since the 1980s, the crime rate has shown a trend of continuous growth, and the problem of crime has aroused people's general concern and worry. The complexity of the current international situation has led to a further deterioration of the organized crime situation in China, as organized crime from abroad and abroad has begun to infiltrate the territory of mainland China. Correspondingly, more and more criminals use modern communication tools and transportation to commit crimes, and in the process of crime, the use of well-organized, well-planned strategies and technical means, which gives China criminological research and the fight against criminals put forward a higher challenge.

Keywords: crime phenomenon, characteristics, causes, countermeasures

First, the crime situation in contemporary China

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, the economic construction has made great achievements, accompanied by the double transformation of the economy and the society, the situation of China's social security is also relatively grim, the problem of crime is becoming more and more prominent, the safety of people's lives and properties and the harmony and stability of the society constitute a certain degree of real threat. The problem of crime is becoming more and more prominent, posing a real threat to the safety of people's lives and property and social harmony and stability.

(a) The number of crimes is on the rise

The number of crimes in China, in general, the crime rate and the incidence of major crimes are rising faster, and more and more major cases. Within a certain period of time in the primary stage of socialism in China, the general trend of the crime phenomenon is that the crime rate shows a gradual upward trend.

(2) The main body of crime is dominated by men, and the female crime rate is on the rise

Like many other countries in the world, the main body of crime or members of crime in our country, in terms of gender composition, with men as the absolute majority. However, some data show that before the 1980s, China's law-breaking crimes of men and women ratio of 100:1, but now is close to 10:1, the majority of female crime is concentrated in theft, prostitution, **, fraud and due to family marriage problems caused by the ****.

(C) property crime is more, violent crime is becoming more serious

China is in the process of "from the traditional type of society to the modern type of social change", personal interests of the community and individuals to pay attention to, coupled with the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor and the unreasonable distribution of income, material wealth to some people to bring a sense of superiority, and some others to form the jealousy and greed for the formation of the crime of the inherent driving force, resulting in a sharp rise in property crime. Driving force, resulting in property crime straight up.

(D) crime tends to organize, group, intelligent

In the case of juvenile delinquency, members of the crime is often in groups of three or five, out of brotherhood, mutual courage, reckless, theft, robbery, provocation, the formation of gangs, *** with the crime. In adult crime, the form of crime presents diversified and complex characteristics, especially syndicated crime is more prominent. Such as drug production **, triad crime, prostitution and the spread of prostitution, the number of participants, the formation of small groups *** with the crime; at the same time, the phenomenon of crime in our country to the high class to the interests of the ties of the development trend of small groups can not be ignored, which is worthy of special attention to the problem of corruption in the national civil service. Since the 1980s, this type of crime cases rose sharply, a significant increase in large cases, the formation of small groups of certain officials *** with the embezzlement of large amounts of property of the state and the people, the harm is very great, the social impact is extremely bad.

Second, the causes of the crime phenomenon

(a) the negative effects of economic development stimulate the generation and growth of crime

reform and opening up 30 years, with the establishment of the socialist market economic system, perfect, China's national economy has made great progress, this development first of all has a positive impact on social stability, but at the same time the negative effects brought about by economic development are also emerging. But at the same time, the negative effects brought about by economic development are also constantly appearing, manifested in: (1) The market economy is profitable, and the pursuit of value and excess value by producers has no end. Under such circumstances, commodity fetishism and money fetishism have proliferated to a certain extent, resulting in some people being profit-oriented, unscrupulous, and even desperate to violate the law and commit crimes. (2) The blindness and spontaneity of the market economy. Production operators to engage in independent decision-making and the pursuit of profitability, will lead to the blindness of production and business activities and short-term, manifested in the lucrative projects often lead to the rapid expansion of the ranks of the supplier, resulting in economic crises, fluctuations in the economic situation, breaking the psychological balance of some people, triggering a variety of potential criminal factors. (3) The competitive nature of the market economy. The more intense the competition, the more intense self-interested motives. The survival of the fittest is the inevitable result of competition, competition in the fittest in order not to be eliminated, may take improper means of competition, which is bound to undermine the social development and produce crime. (4) The openness of the market economy. The great circulation of goods, people, money and materials, is an indispensable condition for economic prosperity, but also has a negative impact on social stability. This big flow of illegal and criminal activities for the provider of triggering factors and conditions, providing the opportunity to take advantage of the crime and the target of aggression, but also to the management of the control and detection and detection of crime has increased the difficulty of the growth of crime.

(ii) social policy lag and gaps

Social policy for the coordination of interests between groups, to ensure social security, promote the development of social integration, the realization of the benign operation of society and the healthy development of society, all have an irreplaceable role." The essence of institutional change is the restructuring of interests, with the fundamental aim of promoting economic growth. Institutional change involves a major adjustment of the basic interests between people." Therefore, it necessarily involves the loss of some people's interests and the gain of some people's interests.

(C) transnational crime phenomenon is becoming increasingly rampant

Cross-border, transnational crime has spread to every corner of the world, involving the scope of political, economic to culture, human rights, race and other aspects of the crime form is becoming more and more diversified, such as political murders, bombings, hostage-taking, ****, **, smuggling of cultural relics, financial fraud and so on. Cross-border and transnational crime has become a focal point of concern for all countries and regions of the world.*** On 15 April 2000, the 10th United Nations High-level Meeting on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders adopted, inter alia, the Vienna Declaration on Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century for the consideration of the Millennium Assembly of the United Nations, emphasizing that, in order to meet the challenges of the new century, the States Members of the United Nations should strengthen international cooperation in the area of criminal justice systems, and that, in order to meet the challenges of the new century, the United Nations should strengthen international cooperation in the area of criminal justice systems. The Vienna Declaration on Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century emphasized that, in order to meet the challenges of the new century, States Members of the United Nations should strengthen international cooperation in criminal justice systems and combat transnational crime. At the high-level meeting, the head of the Chinese delegation, Minister of Justice Gao Changli, made it clear in his statement that the Chinese Government was willing to strengthen cooperation with other countries and relevant international organizations and to make its own contribution to the effective combating and prevention of transnational organized crime. As a developing country, China also suffers from transnational crime. Various forms of transnational crime, ranging from large-scale smuggling, smuggling and drug-trafficking to absconding after embezzling State-owned or collectively-owned property, caused huge economic losses to China every year. Research to combat and prevent cross-border transnational crime in China at this stage is urgent.

Third, China's governance of crime problems and their countermeasures

(a) China's governance of crime problems

1. Inadequate laws, management system is not perfect. In the process of transition from a planned economy to a market economy, the original law and management system can not adapt to the needs of the market economy, and the development and establishment of the law and management system to adapt to the market economy, but also need to have a process. This has resulted in social and economic management and management of the control and chaos, for criminals to provide a lot of loopholes and gaps can be utilized.

2. Supervision mechanism is not enough, corruption and bribery crimes continue to rise frustrated the people's enthusiasm, the increase in crime has a direct impact. In the old and new two economic systems coexist, alternating and transition period of some of the gaps and loopholes, those who hold this or that kind of power of public servants may use their powers to carry out "power and money transactions", corruption and bribery.

(B) countermeasures analysis

1. Strengthen system construction, adhere to the people-oriented, correctly deal with internal contradictions, and actively guide the social psychology, and strive to build a harmonious socialist society, really focus on the treatment of the root causes, prevention as the main focus of the core principles of comprehensive management of social security to implement in place the problem of crime is a comprehensive reflection of the social contradictions, the reasons for the crime of the majority of society, so it is necessary to take a strategic approach to the whole society, so it is necessary to take a strategic approach to the whole society, so it is necessary to take a strategic approach to the whole society. Society, therefore, must be from the height of the strategic overall comprehensive management.

2. Improve the supervision of criminals, reform and rehabilitation work, especially to gradually strengthen the implementation of community corrections for minor crimes will be crime prevention and control program into the overall planning of social development in the community in order to make integrated arrangements for community resources, and effectively solve the problem of "crime prevention and control, in the end, who is going to prevent and control".

References:

[1]Cao Feng: The Fifth Peak - Crime in Contemporary China, China Today Publishing House, 1997 edition;

[2]Wang Zhimin, et al.: A Study of Crime in China's Three Major Economic Circles, People's Public Security University of China Publishing House, 2006 edition;

[3]Taten Li: Sociology of Law, edited by China University of Political Science and Law Press, 1998 edition. China University of Political Science and Law Press, 1998 edition;

[4] Kang Shuhua, A General Theory of Criminology, Peking University Press, 1992 edition;

[5] Zhao Baocheng, Monographs on Criminology, People's Public Security University of China Press, 2005 edition;

[6] Song Tramp, Current Crimes in China and Their Control, edited by Wang Mu, Series of Criminology ( Volume I), China Procuratorate Press, 2003 edition;

[7]Zhou Yunqing: "Economic Globalization and the Internationalization of Crime and Effective Prevention and Control", Journal of Shandong Public Security Specialized Schools, No. 5, 2002;

[8]Hu Jiejun: "Basic Countermeasures for the Governance of Crime in China during the Transitional Period", Journal of Law, No. 5, 2005.

Author's introduction: Liu Xiurong, female, born in October 1990, Linqing City, Shandong Province, Master's Degree in Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, research direction: criminal law.

Author: Liu Xiurong.