What are the characteristics of Yue Opera?

Yue Opera originated in the countryside of Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province (where the ancient Yue State is located). It is based on shengxian county.

In this area, folk rap art is based on "singing books on the ground" and spread in Ying Ge, Yuyao (Yangko) and Tanquan, Huzhou.

Developed under the influence of. Originally called "Xiaoqu Class", most of them were amateur groups of rural artists during the slack season.

After singing opera, it gradually formed a professional "Xiaoqu class" and entered Shanghai on 19 16 to absorb Shao opera and Beijing opera.

Dragon, in the name of "Yue Opera", performed in teahouses. Most of the actors were female artists, and some troupes were all women.

Actor composition. 1938, Yue Opera was renamed Yue Opera.

The aria of Yue Opera belongs to plate variant music. The most common sentence patterns of Yueju lyrics are seven sentences, seven sentences with a crown and cross-sentences; The commonly used main tones are [four tones], [ruler tone] and [flat chord]; The basic board for singing is the middle board, and the commonly used ones are Allegro, Slow Middle Board, Adagio, Fast Middle Board, Scattered Board, Lianban, castanet and Clear Board.

One or seven words:

There are two arrangements of seven-character sentences. One is arranged in the order of "two, two and three". For example, "I have a little nine sisters in my family, whom smart people envy." She is an expert at tracing dragons and embroidering phoenixes. She can play chess, calligraphy and painting. " The other is arranged in the order of "three, two, two". For example, "the blue waves in the lake, the golden shadow of osmanthus through the window, the moonlight is empty, but I am worried."

Second, there are seven words on the crown:

The sentence of Guanqi is needed by the plot, and three words are added before the sentence. For example, "I thought that in those days, I was playing at my knees with my sister and loving mother in the sunset." This sentence pattern is usually composed of seven sentences mixed together, and rarely forms a single aria.

Third, the cross sentence:

There are also two kinds of arrangement formats of cross sentences. One is arranged in the order of "three, four and three". This is similar to the sentence of seven crowns. For example, "it's time to talk about some good knowledge about career economy"; "learn some real skills to deal with life"; "It is right to strive for progress"; Why waste time with actors? Another format is "around the green embankment, blowing wicker and crossing the flower diameter"; "Where to listen, sad flute and wind?" ; "People say that the Grand View Garden has four seasons like spring"; In my eyes, it is just an empty city. Lyrics serve the content. When the original sentence pattern can't fully reflect the plot, the singing sentence pattern of Yue Opera still adopts six sentences, nine sentences or even more free and flexible sentences. At the same time, the singing sentences of Yue Opera have a clear sense of rhythm, catchy, tasteful and rhythmic. The so-called rhythm means that the next sentence of the upper and lower sentences should rhyme. In the lyrics, the last word of an even sentence runs through the same rhyme. In the lyrics, the last word of an even sentence runs through the same rhyme. For example, the aria of Lu's exhortation to his daughter-in-law in Farewell to the Phoenix Crown rhymes with the words "meat", "harmony", "female", "wrong", "fire", "doing" and "fruit".

Fourth, tunes and plates:

There are mainly three kinds of Yueju tunes commonly used now.

The first category is [four tones] (also called [four tones]). Usually in F key, the huqin key is 6-3, just like Xipi in Beijing Opera. It is characterized by simplicity, liveliness and jumping, and it sounds like flowing water in a mountain stream. Its main plates are [medium plate] and [slow medium plate]. At present, although the four tones are not used much, they still play an important role, such as the two scenes of "Noisy Jane" and "Laijian" in The West Chamber, and some aria in [Pan Fu].

The second category is [tuning the cavity with a ruler]. It was created on the basis of [four major operas] and absorbed the entrance of Peking Opera [Huang Er]. Usually, it's in G key and the huqin key is 5-2. Its characteristics are: downward melody, stretching rhythm, euphemistic and delicate style, softness and depth, great plasticity and strong lyricism, which is suitable for complex expression. The inner activities and feelings of sadness, lingering, meditation and anxiety have multiple functions, which are more dramatic in shaping the musical image of characters. Plate [ruler tuning cavity] mainly has the following types:

One is [Adagio]. It uses a board with three eyes, and it is slow to beat four times. It is especially euphemistic, delicate and beautiful, and is good at expressing deep and sad feelings. For example, the aria of Ten Acacia in Loutaihui is based on Adagio.

The second is the [medium board]. This is the basic disk of "the letter tune", which is a medium-speed four-beat, used for lyric and narrative. At the end of a paragraph, the tail cavity often extends, giving people a sense of paragraph. It is most used in Yue Opera. For example, in "Sister Xianglin", a sentence sung to congratulate Liu on her marriage is the tone of the ruler.

The third is Adagio. Between the middle board and the soft board, it is mostly used to express thinking and depression. For example, "Farewell by the Lake" in Liu Yi's biography used this plate.

The fourth is Allegro. Its speed is slightly faster than that of the middle board, and the melody of singing and "going through the door" is also simplified accordingly, which is mostly used to express nervous and urgent atmosphere. For example, "Today is the birthday of King Fenyang" in "Playing the Golden Branch" uses "almost half".

The fifth is the [connection board]. The speed is faster than [fast middle board], with double beats, simple melody and compact rhythm, which are mostly used to express nervous and anxious emotions. For example, in "Jade Dragonfly", "Renzi" sang a couplet.

The sixth is Allegro. The fastest, with a beat, is also called a signboard. The melody is relatively simple, close to natural spoken language, and the breathing stops for half a beat, which is mostly used in occasions of reprimand and debate.

Seven is [chessboard]. Similar to the "Shake Plate" in Beijing Opera, it sings tightly with a beat, and the singing speed and rhythm are relatively free, which is suitable for performing unrestrained feelings, strong inner activities and call signs. Often used with Allegro.

Eight is [scattered board]. Almost the same, it is also a plate of free speed rhythm. The difference is that the accompaniment is scattered, not tight, but scattered.

Nine is [running water board]. It absorbs the plate style of Shaoxing taipan and breaks through the flat and square pattern of Yue Opera tunes. Accompaniment is one beat, singing is basically two beats, which has a sense of fluidity and is often used to express hesitation and anxiety.

Ten is [two things]. It also absorbed Shaoxing's big class, with double beat and medium speed, with relatively free singing, simple style and melodious drawl.

The third category is the [cable cavity]. It was developed on the basis of [the tune of letters], drawing lessons from Beijing Opera [anti-Huang Er] and absorbing the factors of the early [six-character tune] of Yue Opera. It belongs to d key, huqin key 1-5. "ZiDiao" is the opposite of "Ruler Tone", which is suitable for expressing grief and indignation. The characters in the play often use "sub-tune" when they are most sad. For example, The Last Day of the Mountain Man in Liang Zhu, It's windy and snowy in Sister Xianglin, and Baoyu Crys in A Dream of Red Mansions. The board type of "Sub-Chord Chamber" is as complete as that of "Ruler Tune Chamber", and its playing ability is very strong.

In addition to the above three types of tunes, there is also a [C tune] in Yue Opera. It belongs to the key of C, and the key of Huqin is 2-6, which is the antithesis of [Four Tones], and developed on the basis of [Six Tones] by absorbing the factors of Peking Opera [anti-Xipi]. In the joint performance, the actors sang more.