Operating rules for safety technology of boilers and stokers?

First, the operation flow is handed over on site according to the procedure → oven inspection → the cold test is correct → the grate works normally → the gate valve is flexible and reliable → the auxiliary machine works normally → the manhole is closed tightly → the water supply and drainage pipes are unblocked → the flue is unblocked → the oil seal meets the requirements → the boiler is cooked in advance → the water level is properly observed → the water quality meets the requirements → the safety valve works normally → the hot test is normal → the pressure meets the requirements → the front and rear headers are unblocked → the fire is raised → the water level. Conditions → Exhaust → Adjust the induced air volume → Observe the pressure and water level → Check the working conditions of the facilities → Normal operation → Water supply and gas supply → Sewage discharge → Stop → Stop coal supply → Stop air supply → Fine-tune the induced draft fan → Stop the grate operation → Remove cinder → Do a good job in sanitation → Do a good job in site succession according to the procedure. Second, the inspection before the oven (a) before the oven, all parts of the boiler must be inspected in detail. The cold test run of chain grate is greater than 12h, and the cold test run meets the following requirements: 1. The row is not arched or offset. 2. The minimum clearance between the movable grate pieces on both sides and the side sealing angle steel shall not be less than10mm ... 3. The movable grate plate is well engaged with the sprocket. 4. The distance between the two ends of the long shaft of the chain row and the two side plates of the chain row should be equal at the driving shaft. 5. Check whether the grate plate rotates without jamming. (2) Check whether the grate plate is damaged and whether the grate shaft is seriously bent. (3) The ignition door is flexible to open, the coal gate is convenient to lift, and the upper cover plate should be tightly covered. (4) The damper and flue gas baffle switch of the furnace exhaust pipeline regulating valve shall be flexible. (5) The eagle iron is easy to move, and there is no jam at the contact with the grate. (6) Blower, induced draft fan, water supply equipment and dust collector are operating normally. (seven) manhole, hand hole is tight. (eight) whether the furnace wall is normal and whether the front and rear smoke boxes are tight. (nine) whether the steam pipeline, water supply pipeline and sewage pipeline are completely unblocked. (ten) whether the gas saving is tense and whether the fireworks channel is completely unblocked. (1 1) All bearing boxes and oil tanks should be filled with lubricating oil. Three. Boiling furnace (1) Boiling furnace method 1. Dissolve two drugs (sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid) in hot water, and then slowly add them to the boiler together with the boiler feed water until the water level is low. Do not put the solution into the boiler at one time, otherwise the effect of the boiling furnace will be reduced. 2. When the air valve or safety valve releases steam, it can be lifted (first open the two valves), and at the same time flush the water level gauge, pressure gauge and pressure gauge trap. 3. During the boiling process, check whether there is any leakage in each part and whether each part can expand freely after heating. It usually takes three days to boil the stove. On the first day, increase the pressure to 15% of the boiler design pressure, maintain the pressure for 8 hours, and then seal the furnace overnight. The next day, the pressure was increased to 30% of the design pressure, and the high and low water level alarm test was carried out, and the pressure was maintained for 8 hours, and it was still sealed overnight. On the third day, the pressure is increased to 50% of the design pressure, and the furnace is closed after holding the pressure for 8 hours until the boiler is gradually cooled and depressurized. 5. When the furnace is cooled to below 70℃, the impurities can be discharged by blowdown, and then the inside of the boiler can be washed clean with clean water. (2) When the oven and the boiling oven are in operation at the same time, the steam pressure should be raised to 50% of the boiler design pressure at the end of the oven and at the end of the oven, cleaned up after cooling, and ready for re-ignition after inspection. (3) After the boiler is boiled, all the furnace tubes in the corner and header shall be thoroughly inspected. If it is not clean, a second boiler should be made. (4) The qualified standard of the boiler is 1. There is no rust, grease and attached welding slag in the boiler cylinder and header. 2. The inner wall of the boiler and header can be lightly rubbed with asbestos cloth to reveal the true color of metal and no rust spots. 3. After stopping the boiler, open the manhole and hand hole of the boiler lower drum, lower header and economizer header, clean, rinse and check the internal deposits, and check whether the drain valve is blocked or stuck. Four. Fire (1) should be inspected comprehensively before fire, and then water supply should be carried out. Before entering the water, the drain valve must be closed and the safety valve must be opened to let the air in the boiler out. (2) The treated water is slowly injected into the boiler through the economizer, and the feed water temperature is not higher than 40℃. When the water level in the boiler rises to the lowest level of the water level meter, stop the water supply, and observe whether the water level drops after the water level stabilizes. (3) Drain the drain valve and check whether it is blocked. (4) Ignition door: fuel such as wood is placed at the front end of the grate for ignition. At this time, the flue gas regulating door of induced draft fan should be opened to strengthen natural ventilation. After the fuel is burned, turn down the flue gas damper and turn on the induced draft fan intermittently. After the fuel burns violently, the manual coal feeding should be started and the blower should be turned on. When the coal seam burns violently, the fire door can be closed, coal can be added from the coal hopper, and the grate can be started intermittently. After the front arch is heated, the coal can burn normally and can be adjusted. (5) The speed should not be too fast. It should take 3-4 hours for the first fire to reach the normal working pressure from the cold furnace, not less than 2 hours for the cold furnace and not less than 1 hour for the hot furnace. (6) After that, pay attention to the water level of the steam drum at any time. If the maximum water level line is exceeded, the sewage should be discharged (alarmed). (7) When steam emerges from the opened safety valve, close the safety valve and flush the water level gauge and pressure gauge elbow. When the steam pressure rises to 2-3 gauge pressure, check whether the manhole cover and manhole cover are leaking, and deal with any leakage immediately. (8), should check the economizer outlet water temperature, water temperature should be 40℃ lower than the saturation temperature under working pressure. (9) When the boiler pressure rises gradually, pay attention to whether there is any special noise in various parts of the boiler. If so, it should be checked immediately. If necessary, stop the boiler immediately for inspection, and continue to run after troubleshooting. V. Adjusting the Safety Valve Adjust the safety valve when the fire rises for the first time. The adjustment method is as follows: (1) Loosen the weight lifting ring and screw, move the weight inside and outside, and observe the pressure of the pressure gauge. When the safety valve opens just when the pressure should be opened, tighten the weight lifting ring and screw. (2) All safety valves are not allowed to move casually after calibration. (3) When checking the safety valve, the water level in the drum is slightly lower than the normal water level, and the safety valve should be filled with water at any time after opening. (4) Before the safety valve is calibrated, it is absolutely forbidden to put the boiler into operation. Six, gas supply When the steam pressure in the boiler is close to the working pressure and ready to supply gas to the outside, the water level in the boiler before gas supply should not exceed the normal water level, and the combustion in the furnace is stable when gas supply. The operation steps are as follows: (1) When supplying gas, slightly open the main air valve to let a little steam warm the pipe, and the time is generally not less than 10min. At the same time, open the drain valve on the pipeline to drain the condensed water. (2) Open the main air valve slowly, and pay attention to whether there is any special noise in each part of the boiler. If yes, check it immediately, and stop the furnace for inspection if necessary. (3) After fully opening the main valve, the handwheel of the main valve should be returned for half a turn to prevent it from rotating after thermal expansion. (four) after the boiler gas supply, should check the accessory parts, valves, instruments for water leakage, air leakage, etc. Seven, water supply (a) before water supply, first check whether all feed pumps are normal. Whether the valve from the water inlet of the pump to the water tank, the valve from the water outlet of the pump and the valve from the operating valve to the boiler pipeline are open (the operating valve does not need to be opened at this time), if not, it should be opened. (2) The boiler feed water should be continuously supplied as much as possible, and the long flow of fine water at the outlet valve of the water pump should be controlled. (3) Start the motor, and when the pressure gauge indicates the pressure generated by the water pump, open the operating valve. (4) When the water pump stops, the operating valve should be closed first, and then the motor should be stopped. Eight. When discharging sewage (1), first fully open the slow-opening and quick-opening valve (the one near the boiler body), then slightly open the quick-opening valve (the one behind the slow-opening valve) to preheat the sewage pipe, and then slowly open it after the pipe is preheated. After the sewage is discharged, the valve closing sequence is the opposite to the above. (2) If two or more boilers use the same sewage main pipe and there is no check valve on the sewage pipe, please note: 1. It is forbidden for two boilers to discharge pollutants at the same time. 2. If another boiler is being overhauled, the boiler being overhauled must be separated from the blowdown pipeline before blowdown. (3) Sewage discharge should be carried out at low load and high water level. Pay close attention to the water level in the boiler during sewage discharge, and it is advisable to reduce the water level of the boiler by 20-50mm at a time. (four) after the sewage outlet is closed, it should be checked whether the sewage outlet is tight. Inspection method: close the drain valve, and after a period of time, try to check whether the pipeline leaving the second drain valve is cooled by hand. If not cooled, the drain valve will leak. Nine. Shutdown (I) Temporary fault shutdown: When the boiler encounters grate blockage or grate slice fracture, in order to quickly eliminate the fault, a temporary fault shutdown should be carried out, and its operation steps are as follows: 1 Turn off the blower and turn on the induced draft fan slightly. 2. Stop the rotation of the grate, remove the coal under the coal gate, and quickly troubleshoot. (II) Temporary shutdown Temporary shutdown is a planned work, and its operation method is as follows: 1. Before shutdown, according to the steam consumption, the coal supply can be stopped 20-30 minutes in advance, and the grate speed can be reduced to the slowest. At this time, turn down the fan properly, let the coal burn out, and finally stop the fan. 2. After the boiler is cooled, the backwater level should be lowered to make the water level slightly higher than the normal water level when the boiler is stopped. 3. After stopping steam supply, reduce the steam drum pressure to zero, and then close the main steam valve and flue gas regulator. (3) Long-term shutdown When the boiler needs maintenance, it should be shut down for a long time. 1. Stop the furnace according to the steps of temporary shutdown. 2. When the water in the boiler is slowly cooled to below 70℃, the boiler water can be discharged. At this time, the safety valve must be lifted to make the inside of the steam drum communicate with the atmosphere. 3. In order to shorten the cooling time, cold water can also be introduced into the boiler, and hot water can be discharged through the pipeline at the same time, but the water level cannot be lower than the normal water level. 4. After the boiler water is discharged, open the manhole and hand hole again and wash the water pollution with clean water. (four) emergency stop boiler in operation, in case of any of the following circumstances, should be an emergency stop boiler. 1. Boiler steam pressure rises rapidly, exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure. Although the safety valve has been emptied after taking decompression measures such as strengthening water supply and reducing combustion, the steam pressure continues to rise. 2. When the boiler is seriously short of water and the water level drops below the water level limit specified in the boiler operation regulations. 3. When the boiler water level rises rapidly and measures such as increasing water supply are still unable to maintain the water level. 4. When the boiler water level rises rapidly, exceeding the limit water level stipulated in the operation regulations. 5. When all water supply equipment can't supply water to the boiler. 6. When the water level gauge and safety valve fail. 7. The burning equipment is damaged, the furnace wall collapses, or the boiler frame burns red, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the boiler. 8. When the gas in the flue explodes or reignites, which seriously endangers the safety of boilers and firefighters. 9. When the boiler is running under pressure, the components are red-hot, cracks, deformations and joints are seriously leaked, which endangers the safe operation. 10. When there is a fire in the boiler room or a fire in the nearby site, it may spread to the boiler room. (5) The emergency stop sequence is 1. Stop the blower first and then the induced draft fan. 2. Lock the coal gate to the lowest point, quickly shovel out the stored coal in the coal hopper, open the ignition door, and remove the coal accumulated at the grate head. 3. Turn the grate at the fastest speed, remove all the slag and coal in the furnace through the slag discharge door, and finally stop the grate rotation. 4. Open the air valve to discharge steam. 5. When the boiler is seriously short of water, the main valve should be closed. At this time, it is forbidden to blindly feed water into the boiler.

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