Introduction to China Gardens

China gardens fully embody the idea of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and people's idea of conforming to nature for survival and development. In gardening techniques, it simulates nature and is higher than nature, that is, "it is artificial, but it is natural." It takes artificial or semi-artificial natural landscape as the skeleton and plant materials as the epidermis, creating infinite scenery in a limited space. It also uses landscape isolation, barrier landscape, frame landscape, transparent landscape and other methods to separate the combined space, forming a variety of unified different attractions, which can be described as dynamic and static. After the Song Dynasty, on the basis of simulating nature, people's spiritual and cultural pursuits were strengthened, and freehand landscape gardens were formed, with poetry and songs as the guiding ideology. Reaching a poetic position has become the essence of traditional gardens in China.

The traditional landscape design in China is deeply influenced by traditional philosophy and painting, and there is even a theory that painting is the mother of gardening. The most instructive is the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming and Qing Dynasties. China quadrangles have three tributaries: quadrangles in the north, freehand brushwork landscapes in the south of the Yangtze River and Lingnan gardens; Among them, private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are the mainstream, paying attention to the integration of emotion and scenery, meaning and things, and things and morality. People regard natural scenery as an aesthetic object and as a symbol of moral beauty, spiritual beauty and personality beauty. The private gardens in this period were directly influenced by literati painting, which paid more attention to poetry, artistic conception and implication, and the aesthetic trend was fresh and elegant. The landscape is dominated by natural scenery, with uneven pavilions as a foil. The courtyard landscape is built according to the terrain, paying attention to cultural accumulation, temperament charm, exquisite point, poetic pursuit, quiet, simple and natural garden landscape, and has a strong artistic conception of classical ink and wash landscape painting.