What techniques do Chinese paintings use to depict characters?

Sketch, meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork. First, line drawing is the earliest and simplest form of painting expression of human beings. In ancient China, it was called "line drawing" or "line drawing". For example, the two earliest silk paintings unearthed from Chu tombs in the Warring States period are represented by line drawing. Early line drawing techniques were mainly based on uniform and smooth lines. Only in Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty did the line drawing develop to a change of thickness, which could vividly show the folds of clothes. Li, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, can be said to be a representative figure of line drawing. The picture below is Li's "Wei Mo Yanjiao Map", which shows the characteristics of lines to a perfect degree. During the Jiaqing period of the Ming Dynasty, Zou Dezhong summed up the rich creative experience of his predecessors and put forward the theory of "eighteen descriptions" in his book Painting with Clouds. These eighteen descriptions refer to: 1. Flowing clouds, 2. Koko Yousimiao, 3 years old. Line 4. Liu Yemiao is five years old. String, 6. Grasshopper, 7. Mixed description, 8. Head nail, 9. A grass, 16. Rat tail, 1. Broken reeds. 438+05. Olive 16. Earthworms 17. Jujube seedlings 18. Rotten wood The above eighteen descriptions were learned by the ancients according to the clothes at that time (mostly wide robes and big sleeves). Some existed before the Tang Dynasty, while others were gradually increased later. However, these eighteen descriptions do not include all the descriptions of predecessors, and some people advocate simplifying them into five or merging them into three categories. Mr. Dong Mengmei, a contemporary painter who is good at sketching characters, pointed out that it is inappropriate to name 18th after the shape of line drawing. Second, Gongbi Painting Gongbi Painting is a painting method with neat and meticulous modeling, rich colors and slight decoration. The following picture is a typical work in the late Tang and Zhou Dynasties. The meticulous painting method is suitable for using cooked paper or silk, and it can usually be divided into six steps: (1) Draft drawing: firstly, draw people correctly on the draft paper with a pencil or charcoal pen, and then cover it with the drawing paper after modification and perfection.

(2) Ticking: There are two ways to tick. One method is called hook method, which first uses light ink to hook the outline, and then uses heavy ink or color to hook the main line after coloring. This method is not afraid to cover the original lines when coloring, and it is more convenient to draw. Another method is called tick-in method, which is to tick out the lines in the outline with dark and dark ink colors, and the ink lines should not be covered by colors. This method hooks the line smoothly, but it takes more time to fill the color.

(3) Sub-dyed background color: In order to show the uneven changes of face and folds, first dye a heavy color in the dark, and the face can be sub-dyed with ochre. The method is to dip a pen in ochre and a pen in clear water, and then partially dye it with a colored pen, that is, push it away with a clear water pen, and the lady's cheeks can be dyed with magenta first.

(4) Coloring: The traditional coloring method of ladies is similar to the makeup of Peking Opera figures, which is called the Three Whites method, that is, the forehead, nose and chin are smudged with white powder, and the colors of eyes and cheeks are exaggerated. Multi-purpose magenta cinnabar, gamboge, mixed with a little white powder. If you are a man, use ochre and gamboge on your face and add a little white powder.

(5) Shading: After rendering and coloring, in order to make the tone even or remedy some incongruous parts, such as the face, it is usually painted with light ochre once or twice.

(6) color enhancement: before the final completion, the key parts, such as the corners of the eyes or nose, are treated to make them more prominent. White powder is added to the three white parts of miss Hua's face, and sometimes white powder can be dyed from the back of the paper to enhance the whitening effect of the powder. The common dyeing methods of meticulous figure painting are: cover dyeing (flat painting), narrow dyeing (narrow dyeing range), wide dyeing, overlapping dyeing and cut dyeing. The following picture shows the steps of coloring a loving mother's picture demonstrated by teacher Dong Mengmei: first, draw a manuscript and tick it to complete line drawing (the hair must be rendered in light ink for many times), then take two wool pens to dye the clothes, dye them in the same color as flowers, green, pink and yellow, dry them, dye their faces with ochre, and finally dye their faces with magenta. After separating the shades of yin and yang, hook the clothes with white powder. In short, many colors are not dyed at one time, and they need to be rendered several times to achieve the expected depth and uniformity before they can stop writing. Third, the freehand brushwork of Shi Ke's "Two Ancestors' Mind-regulating Map" in the Five Dynasties has profound Zen meaning. Liang Kai, a painter in the Southern Song Dynasty, developed figure painting with reduced strokes, created a lot of methods of splashing ink and became a representative painter of freehand figure painting. His works, such as "Painting Immortals with Ink" and "Li Taibai's Songs", are vivid with bold and concise pen and ink. Since the Eight Eccentrics in modern Yangzhou, there have been many painters who are good at freehand brushwork figure painting in ink and wash, and gradually formed a major trend of figure painting in China. When drawing freehand figures, the original paper should be used. Usually, outline the outline gently on the drawing paper with charcoal pen (if you are skilled, you don't need to tick the outline with charcoal pen), then dip in ink to draw the main line first, and then draw the sub-lines and colors gradually, so as not to undermine the overall unity. Painting on green paper is difficult to modify once it fails, so when using pen and ink, we must consider the overall harmony, and the emphasized places (such as eyes) must be vividly painted. After painting with ink, we should be careful to give color, express color according to the structure of the characters and the relationship between light and shade, increase the change of color, and vividly reflect the spirit and expression of the characters. The picture below shows the Qu Zi Xing Yin Tu displayed by Mr. Li. His painting method is to paint first, and then cross the ink line. First, draw a face with wool dipped in ochre, hair with thick ink, and a robe with flowers. Then use the wolf to brush the lines of the face and robe, and then use ochre ink to distinguish yin and yang. Finally, the painting is finished.