How to implement traditional culture in middle school history teaching

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I. Problems in secondary school history education

History, as a discipline for cultivating one's body and cognizing the society, is a long-term, implicit, and consciousness-oriented discipline, whose main role is to improve people's state of mind and to recognize the social realities for scientific decision making, but this requires a long formation process, unlike the tool disciplines such as mathematics, science and chemistry in Improvement of human skills, can receive immediate effect.

Driven by utilitarianism, the majority of our society does not test the level of history of the selected candidates in the selection exams, which objectively strengthens the theory of the futility of reading history.

In the history of the education reform in the existence of a variety of misunderstandings.

The current social requirements for education are still "talent", not "people" in the first place, the test scores and promotion naturally become the primary goal of the school, and the test scores become the most important and even the only measure of the effectiveness of teaching.

In this case, the first step is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing.

In this social environment, it is difficult to change the test-based nature of history education without the efforts of the whole society.

Second, what is traditional Chinese culture

"Wen", "化 "the two words early in the oracle bone, Jinwen appeared.

"Shuowen" (说文)："Wen, wrong drawing.

"Wang Yun note:" wrong, staggered.

Staggered and painted, is a text.

"" Dagger, change is also, from the inverted people.

"Oracle (化), from the person a positive and a reverse, there is a reverse person for the positive, the two are smooth and not back.

That is to say, the change of positive and smooth, containing the meaning of indoctrination.

The word "culture" is found in the Western Han Dynasty in Liu Xiang's "Saying Yuan. The sages ruled the world by first promoting culture and virtue, and then by force.

Where the rise of the martial arts, for the disobedience also; culture does not change, and then add the punishment.

"Here the" culture "refers to the" force "as opposed to" culture and education.

Traditional Chinese culture refers to the integration, formation, and development of multiple cultures in the mainstream of the Chinese nation in the process of long-term historical development, and has a stable form of Chinese culture, including ideology, way of thinking, values, morality, way of life, etiquette, customs and habits, religious beliefs, literature, art, education, science and technology, and other aspects of the rich content.

Third, the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture

(1) Long-established.

Chinese culture, compared with European culture, "First, in terms of time extension, China is a person from the beginning to the end of the old long-distance running, while Europe is a relay run by a number of people.

Secondly, in terms of space, European culture began in Greece and Athens, and spread out from this cultural center.

Later, when Greece declined and Rome emerged, the center of culture moved from Greece to Rome, which then spread out in all directions.

...... So Western culture often has a pattern of dispersal from a center to all sides, and these cultural centers are often spread from one place to another.

This scenario is associated with the phenomenon of cultural disruption.

"(Qian Mu, "New Essays on National History", "The Evolution of Chinese Tradition")

(2) The vastness and depth.

For example, academically, there are the pre-Qin plurists, the two Han scriptures, the Wei and Jin metaphysics, the Sui and Tang Buddhism, the Song and Ming ethics, and the Qing dynasty koan, all of which form a complete system.

In particular, the four schools of Confucianism, Mohist, Taoism, and Law have a worldwide influence.

In terms of poetry, there was the Book of Songs in the Zhou Dynasty, and then there was the Chu Rhetoric, and then there were the two Han Lefu, Tang poetry, Song lyrics, and Yuanqu music, which were inherited and innovated.

Novels, the Six Dynasties, the Tang legend, Song and Yuan books, Ming and Qing dynasties appeared "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Dream of the Red Mansions", "Journey to the West", "Plum in the Golden Vase", "Confucianism", "Liaozhai Zhiyi" and so on.

For opera, Wang Shifu's The Story of the Western Wing, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in the Han Palace, Bai Pu's On the Wall, Zheng Guangzu's The Soul of a Sinful Woman Returning to Her Soul, Tang Xianzu's Peony Pavilion, Hong Sheng's The Palace of Eternal Youth, and Kong Shangren's The Peach Blossom Fan, among others.

Especially Guan Hanqing wrote 63 kinds of miscellaneous plays in his life, 300 years earlier than Shakespeare, who wrote 36 plays and was called the world's great dramatist.

In painting, there are rare treasures such as Gu Kaizhi's "Lady's History" from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Steps in the Emperor's carriage" from the Tang Dynasty, Wu Daozi's "The Heavenly King's Delivery", Han Hwang's "Five Oxen", Gu Ma-teung's "Han Xi-sei's Night Banquet" from the Fifth Dynasty, and Zhang Zeduan's "Riverside on the Qingming River" from the Song Dynasty.

Sculptures include Yungang, Longmen, Dunhuang and other grotto carvings.

There are the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang.

In terms of calligraphy, there are four great masters: Wang Xizhi, the "Sage of Calligraphy" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji of the early Tang Dynasty; Zhang Xu, the "Sage of Cursive Script"; Yan Zhenqing, the founder of the Yan Style; and Yan Zhenqing, the founder of the Liu Style. The "Sage of Cursive" Zhang Xu, the founder of the Yan Style Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan of the Liu Style.

In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty created the Thin Gold Style, Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty, Fu Shan of the Qing Dynasty, etc.

(3) The four great masters, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, were the first to use the style.

(3) Far-reaching influence.

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, the royal family of the Shang Dynasty, Min Zi led 5,000 clansmen to avoid living in North Korea, along with poetry, books, rituals and music, and all kinds of crafts and skills.

Then, during the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian opened up a trade route to the Western Regions, along which China's silk, pig iron and casting technology, as well as agricultural products and handicrafts, were shipped to West Asia and Europe.

After that, the four great inventions were gradually introduced to Europe through the *** people, and played an immeasurable role in the industrial development of Europe.

The Ming Dynasty, Zheng He went to the West, opened up the Maritime Silk Road, China's specialty porcelain, tea, herbs, etc. continue to be exported to the South Seas, South Asia and African countries.

Japan and China to interact, began in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the large-scale import of culture in the fourth to fifth century AD.

Japanese writing, on the other hand, was copied and utilized by Japan after the importation of Chinese writing in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent more than 120 foreign students and learned monks to China to learn Chinese culture comprehensively and go back to spread its use.

Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, etc. were also y influenced by our ancient culture.

The "Chinatowns" that have been established in metropolitan cities around the world still reflect the influence of Chinese culture.

Fourth, secondary school history teaching how to carry forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture

(1) to classical recitation as a precursor.

China has been known as the "State of Manners".

For thousands of years, despite the feudal society, traditional virtues have been passed down to the present day, and exudes a unique charm that no one can match, and it is this strong historical and cultural precipitation that creates the excellent qualities of the Chinese people, "loyalty, diligence, benevolence and righteousness, virtue and wisdom".

In order to better enhance the understanding of the traditional culture of secondary school students, secondary school history teaching can be based on the characteristics of different grades of students, respectively, arranged for the classical recitation of content.

From the Analects of Confucius and the Three Character Classic, to the Thousand Character Classic, Tang poetry, Song lyrics, to ancient prose, famous quotes and so on.

Students are required to utilize the morning reading or morning self-study time every day to read the ancient and modern traditional classics, understand the content, focus on the combination of theory and practice, and elaborate on the expression of the significance of reality.

Starting from "learning to know", students can gradually achieve "knowing to act".

(2) Take the history classroom teaching as the main channel to carry out the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture among secondary school students.

In the teaching of ancient culture, pay attention to the penetration of Chinese excellent traditional culture and moral cultivation education, inculcate Chinese traditional virtue education, sublimation of patriotism, revolutionary tradition education, penetration of emotional education, aesthetic education, etc., and constantly promote the development of the psychological quality of the secondary school students, to enhance the spirit of the secondary school students, and to strengthen their understanding of the excellent traditional culture.

For example, teachers can introduce students to the origins and customs of our traditional festivals during class.

After the lesson, let the students investigate, among the many traditional festivals in our country, what festivals do we still keep at present? Have traditional festivals been affected after various foreign festivals have entered our country? What traditional festivals are celebrated in the students' own families, and what are their customs during the festivals?

(3) Enhancement of school identity.

If a school is intentionally committed to spreading traditional Chinese culture, then its campus culture is bound to exude a strong cultural flavor as well.

Of course, apart from the Confucius Institute, public secondary schools like the one described above are rare, so if a secondary school does this, it will be very distinctive.

For example, extracurricular activities could include learning to write with a brush, learning to draw with a Chinese brush, and so on.

With the rich and colorful campus culture to cultivate students' minds, so that the traditional culture and virtues deep into the hearts of students.

The use of festivals, not losing time to the students of traditional culture education and Chinese virtue education.

It would be useful to promote traditional Chinese culture to students if some ancient Chinese rites and rituals were organized to publicize traditional Chinese culture, such as organizing a ceremony to pay homage to the teacher in the new semester to provide a large environment for students to get in touch with traditional Chinese culture.

In particular, the ancient working people of China were very clever, and have long used mathematics in all areas of life. If the whole school together through the "Classical Mathematics Festival" to appreciate the wisdom of the ancients, we can experience the essence of traditional Chinese culture in the pleasant atmosphere of the festival.

For example, China has long used ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches to form 60 names, such as A Zi, B Chou, C Yin, Ding Mao, etc., to keep track of 60 days of dates, and students can rename the dates according to this calculation method.

(4) actively develop school-based curriculum, closely integrated with the traditional cultural research on the penetration and integration of moral education and subject education, to further develop and improve the traditional morality as the main content of the school-based curriculum, so that students in all courses to receive moral education in the classroom to get the moral experience, so that a knowledge-based moral education to knowledge-based moral education to the emphasis on knowledge and ability of emotional attitude and values of the integration of feelings and experience-based moral education, focusing on the knowledge, ability and attitude and values of integration of feelings and experience-based moral education, focusing on the knowledge, ability and attitude of the students. The school-based curriculum enables students to receive moral education in all courses and to have a moral experience in the classroom.

(5) Efforts to improve the traditional cultural literacy of history teachers through a variety of ways, such as lectures, exchanges and seminars, and other aspects of the series of teachers moral education temperament and interest to enhance the quality of teachers so that teachers have become the main force for the inheritance of traditional culture.

(6) the conditions of the school can organize trips for students to understand the dynamics of human beings; North and South customs; mountains and rivers weather; visit the local history museums to expand the practical experience.

To carry out the inheritance of traditional culture of various activities such as knowledge contests to investigate the development of mining with regional characteristics of traditional culture to understand the traditional culture of artistic treasures.

Fifth, the significance of promoting excellent traditional Chinese culture

wisdom, faith, loyalty, filial piety, propriety, righteousness, integrity and shame are the traditional virtues of the Chinese people for thousands of years, is the root of traditional Chinese culture, is the soul of our nation.

Only by vigorously promoting traditional Chinese culture can we make the Chinese nation more vibrant and harmonious.

The promotion of traditional Chinese culture should advocate all ideas and spirits conducive to national unity, unification of the motherland and cohesion of people's hearts, advocate all ideas and spirits conducive to the country's wealth and strength, social progress, the people's happiness, and advocate all ideas and spirits to create a better life with honest labor, and guide young students to establish the love of the motherland and serve the people as the greatest honor, and to damage the interests of the country and the people, The concept of national dignity as the greatest shame, better inheritance and development of traditional culture.

The Eight Honors and Eight Shames embodies the essence of traditional culture and plays an important role in promoting the national spirit among secondary school students.

Traditional culture is the spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation, "I dare not forget to worry about the country", "the rise and fall of the world, the responsibility of the people" reflects the children of the Yellow Emperor to the country, a piece of the nation's deep feelings; "rich and noble can not be obscene, poor and lowly can not be moved, the might of the people can not be moved, the people can not be moved, the people can not be moved, the people can not be moved, the people can not be moved. The values of "not to be obscene to the rich, not to be shifted to the poor, and not to be subjugated to the mighty" and "to worry about the world before the world, and to rejoice after the world's happiness" are values that transcend utilitarianism; and "what you don't want done to you, don't do to others" is a manifestation of the strengthening of self-cultivation and the establishment of harmonious interpersonal relationships.

"Do not do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is a value beyond utilitarianism.

The concept of honor and shame of "eight honors and eight disgraces" is a concentrated summary of these traditional virtues in modern times.

"Eight Honors and Eight Shames" provides a code of conduct for young students in the new era.

In today's society, students should be taught to establish values that are recognized and accepted by the public, such as honesty, cooperation, and fairness.

It is imperative to guide young people to establish a socialist concept of honor and shame.

Only by clarifying right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, as well as honor and disgrace, can we cultivate young people into new socialist citizens with noble pursuits, and can we make the excellent traditional Chinese culture further developed in the new era

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