Fujian's culture, what are the humanities characteristics

South Fujian regional cultural characteristics are not formed overnight, but has undergone a long process of historical evolution. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Minzhong indigenous residents and the central plains of the interaction is not much, the indigenous folklore of the self-contained system, the history of this period of the Yue people, living by the water, used to water fights, good at using the boat, the prevalence of primitive sorcery. To the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains people still think of Minzhong and its residents as "square outside of the land, 劗 hair tattoo of the people also." From the Han and Jin Dynasties to the Five Dynasties, the Han people in the Central Plains began to migrate to the southeastern coast. With a large number of Han people into Fujian, Han culture in Fujian from north to south spread rapidly, Han production practices, living customs, life rituals, festivals, religious beliefs and other folklore gradually replace the indigenous folklore and dominant. [i] At the same time, some Han people intermarried with the indigenous people, or the indigenous people adapted to the new social environment, automatically transformed into Han people, some of the customs and styles of the Min-Yue ethnic group and its humanistic characteristics have also been precipitated, and have become an important part of the cultural characteristics of the southern Fujian region. The Song Dynasty was an important period for the comprehensive development of Fujian society and economy, and also an important turning point for the formation and evolution of the cultural characteristics of the southern Fujian region. Under the historical condition of the southward shift of China's economic center of gravity, Fujian's economy became one of the most developed regions in the country in a short period of time. In particular, the rise of Min studies in the Song Dynasty played an important role in guiding the culture of Fujian, including Minnan culture, as well as the customs and mores of the folklore. This socio-economic and cultural environment provided relatively good and specialized conditions for the preservation and development of traditional Chinese culture and rituals. After the refinement of the Tang and Song dynasties, the regional culture of southern Fujian has basically taken shape as a kind of culture with certain unique character. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Fujian, especially the southern Fujian region, experienced the strong impact of the oceanic socio-economic and cultural impact. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, China's commodity market economy flourished, and the boundaries between the scholar-agriculturist and the industrialist were gradually blurred, and the traditional agricultural economy became more mixed with diversified economic components. At the same time, the ideological and cultural circles are brewing the impulse to seek for new ideas and changes, but also for the maturation of the regional cultural characteristics of southern Fujian, played a positive role in promoting. What we are discussing now, "the regional cultural characteristics of southern Fujian", should undoubtedly be the basic characterization of the southern Fujian region in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although the formation and maturity of the southern Fujian culture is accompanied by the spread of the Central Plains culture in Fujian and the development of the mainstream Chinese culture has a dominant influence on the formation and maturity of the southern Fujian culture. However, we should also see that the so-called mainstream Chinese culture is not static, but changes with the times in the subtle changes. The pre-Qin period was a time when the "Hundred Schools of Thought" in Chinese culture competed with each other and were full of vitality. With the establishment of the centralized political system of Qin and Han Dynasties, Confucian culture gradually became the mainstream ideology of the political system, which was "exclusively revered". The exclusive status of Confucian culture played an irreplaceable historical role in maintaining the centralized political system of China's great unity and in integrating and absorbing the cultural factors of many ethnic groups. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, China's centralized political system has been increasingly moving towards totalitarianism and autocracy, and bureaucratic malpractices such as conformity, hypocrisy, and self-serving have gradually become commonplace in society. The corresponding ideological and cultural ideology has also seen serious polarization and mutation. On the one hand, empty talk of high moral standards is often unattainable, while on the other hand, superstitious power, profit-oriented and became the code of conduct for many scholars. It can be said that from the Song Dynasty onwards, although there were still some scholars and intellectuals who tried to adhere to the moral norms of pre-Qin Confucianism, on the whole, the mainstream culture of the Central Plains, which was centered around the core of political domination, increasingly appeared to be hypocritical, heavy-handed and alienated from its core. The mainstream culture of the Central Plains basically spread from the north to the south and to the borderlands. Comparatively speaking, the more the borderland area, the weaker the influence of the mainstream culture of the Central Plains. The natural geographical locations and cultural origins of the borderlands of China's great unified countries are very different, so the degree of acceptance of the mainstream culture of the Central Plains and the regional cultural characteristics formed by each borderland will also be different and colorful. As far as the scenario of Fujian is concerned, Fujian is located in the southeast corner of the country, facing the sea in the east and the Wuyi Mountains in the northwest, and in the case of undeveloped transportation in ancient times, it naturally separated Fujian from Zhejiang, Jiangxi and even the northern Central Plains, forming a self-contained socio-economic region. This is an important geographic factor that causes the cultural characteristics of the Fujian region to differ from those of neighboring regions such as Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Guangdong. Within Fujian, the famous rivers Minjiang, Jiulongjiang, Jinjiang, Mulanxi, etc., all originate from the northwestern mountainous areas and flow into the plains, which are the most important habitats for the Han Chinese in the north to settle and reproduce after entering Fujian. However, most of these rivers and streams are separated from each other by mountain ranges, making transportation difficult. The relatively independent small economic regions formed by different river and stream basins separated Fujian into many different ethnic groups. This kind of geographic environment naturally makes the Fujian region have a potential sense of "the sky is high and the emperor is far away". The southern Fujian region is also a certain distance from Fuzhou, the political center of Fujian, which makes the culture of the southern Fujian region even more distant from the geographic characteristics of the Chinese cultural center. Being far away from the political and cultural center of China does not necessarily create a unique and varied regional culture. In fact, as I mentioned above, with the large number of Han immigrant cultures from the north during the Tang and Song dynasties, Fujian and Minnan societies have always taken the acceptance of Confucian orthodox culture as the centerpiece of social and cultural construction. The mainstream Chinese Confucian culture has always had a dominant influence on the formation and maturation of the regional culture of southern Fujian. The difference, however, is that when the mainstream culture of the Central Plains since the Song and Ming dynasties was becoming more and more hypocritical and conservative, the natural geographic location of Fujian, especially Minnan, which is far away from the political and cultural centers of the region, as well as Minnan's tradition of facing the sea and accepting foreign cultures, made the regional culture of Minnan, which is a kind of borderland, less or less subject to the influence of the mainstream culture of the Central Plains and the constraints of its historical changes, so that in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the culture of the Minnan region was influenced by the mainstream culture of the Central Plains. As a result, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the regional culture of southern Fujian was able to embody many of the vital factors of Confucianism in the early period. Even many ancient cultures of the Central Plains have gradually declined or even disappeared in their places of origin, while they have been preserved more completely in Fujian. This process of cultural variation is probably what Confucius meant when he said, "The loss of etiquette is sought in the wild". In this kind of different historical changes, southern Fujian regional culture shows some unique forms of expression different from the mainstream culture of the Central Plains. In terms of cultural thinking, the imperial examination system of restraints and bureaucratic constraints, of course, prompted many scholars and intellectuals to go with the flow, become a political and cultural martyrs, but there is also a part of the intellectuals rich in social and cultural responsibility, the abandonment of conformity, the pursuit of innovation and change of thinking is often more than the Central Plains of the scholars and intellectuals more than the first voice; in terms of social behavior, do not want to empty talks In terms of social behavior, no empty talk, down-to-earth, pragmatic and enterprising, is the basic value orientation of the people; the pursuit of efficiency, strong sense of commodity, and take a more tolerant attitude towards foreign cultures and folklore. This situation in turn contrasts with the simplicity of the people of the Central Plains Mainland, their conservative character of being conservative and not taking risks easily. As a product of the cultural mutation between the Chinese core and the frontier, the regional culture of southern Fujian has, to a certain extent, greatly supplemented the diversity of the Chinese culture as a whole. In its own structure, it is able to absorb the essence of the core Chinese culture as well as other regional cultures and even foreign cultures to strengthen its own cultural identity. This kind of subtle, with a certain cultural variation of the regional cultural change process, is the southern Fujian regional culture in different historical times to adapt to the needs of the new era of the most essential source of strength.