Huizhou ancient dwellings are in a hurry.

Protection Status and Countermeasures of Huizhou Ancient Dwellings

Cheng Xiaojiang, Huangshan Committee of the Democratic Party of Peasants and Workers

In 2008, the Huangshan Municipal Committee of the Agricultural Workers' Party, with the strong support of the municipal, district and county cultural relics departments, conducted an in-depth investigation on the present situation of ancient dwellings in our city, and now puts forward some opinions and suggestions on how to further protect the ancient dwellings of Huizhou style.

1. Improve the protection measures of ancient houses as soon as possible and strive to incorporate them into national laws and regulations.

It has been more than ten years since the promulgation of the Regulations on the Protection of Ancient Dwellings in Southern Anhui. With the passage of time, new situations and problems have become increasingly prominent. It is necessary to revise and improve it again, effectively enhance its feasibility and operability, and bring the protection of ancient dwellings into the track of legalization, standardization and procedure.

In early 2008, the State Council approved the establishment of an inter-provincial Huizhou cultural and ecological protection experimental zone. In this sense, the protection of ancient dwellings in southern Anhui has actually exceeded the scope of this province. Therefore, we will strive to incorporate the protection of ancient dwellings into the National Regulations on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages, so as to make it the will of the state and get more extensive attention and support for the protection of ancient dwellings.

2. Actively promote the protection and management of ancient dwellings.

First, we must strengthen the construction of the protection management team.

The cultural relics departments at the city and county levels should be institutions directly under the same level, and they can tilt to the cultural relics departments, especially those engaged in the protection of ancient houses.

It can be organized and coordinated by * * * at the city and county levels, with the personnel of the cultural relics department as the main force, and an ancient residential protection and management institution composed of public security, industry and commerce personnel can be established to coordinate and solve the difficult problem of law enforcement in the protection process.

For villages and towns with relatively concentrated ancient dwellings, we will further establish and improve the folk protection committees for ancient dwellings and the amateur cultural relics protection system.

The protection of ancient dwellings in our city has a strong organizational, personnel and legal guarantee.

Second, it is necessary to set up an ancient residential protection fund as soon as possible according to law.

The source of the fund can be raised from the special funds for the protection and maintenance of ancient dwellings arranged by the municipal and county financial budgets, donations from enthusiastic people at home and abroad, and income from the development and utilization of ancient dwellings.

Units that use ancient dwellings for tourism development shall include at least 20% of their ticket income into the ancient dwellings protection fund.

Legal sale of ancient dwellings and their components, non-organization ex situ reconstruction, should pay a certain proportion of protection funds.

In addition, incomes from fines and confiscations in violation of regulations should also be used for protection.

Third, it is necessary to carry out a general survey of ancient dwellings.

It is suggested that a special survey of ancient dwellings should be carried out in the city as soon as possible.

The contents of the general survey include: the territory, building age, ownership, existing status and protection level of ancient residential buildings, with photos attached.

On the basis of census, paper and electronic files are established for each ancient residence.

For those ancient dwellings that are not listed in the protection unit temporarily due to various factors, but have important cultural relics value, the cultural relics management department can first determine them as cultural relics protection objects and set up cultural relics protection signs.

3, strict demolition, sale, easy to rebuild the examination and approval system, promote legal transactions.

It is suggested that the city * * * issue the Management Measures for the Sale and Purchase of Ancient Dwellings and Their Components in Huangshan City, and establish legal circulation channels for the sale and purchase of ancient dwellings and their building components.

For those dwellings and their building components that were built 19 1 1 years ago, but have no historical, artistic and scientific research value, and are not located in ancient villages and towns, legal transactions can be considered under the supervision of the cultural relics administration department.

The building components of ancient houses displayed in antique shops must be marked as genuine, imitation, saleable or unsalable, and a report telephone number should be set up to prevent the phenomenon of deceiving tourists with fake ones.

* * * It is necessary to arrange special funds to collect the ancient residential components and their affiliated cultural relics scattered in the society, and use both economic and administrative means to regulate market behavior.

We should adhere to the principle of giving priority to local protection, and strictly perform the examination and approval procedures for ancient dwellings that must be easily protected due to irresistible natural environmental factors.

Ex situ demolition and protection must be carried out by a qualified professional repair team of ancient dwellings, and the administrative department of cultural relics should supervise the whole process of demolition and construction.

4. Promote the protection of ancient dwellings in a multi-pronged manner.

It is necessary to rescue and repair the endangered ancient houses in this city.

* * * Cultural relics management departments at all levels shall inspect the ancient dwellings within their respective jurisdictions one by one, and draw up two sets of temporary and permanent maintenance schemes.

Depending on the availability of engineering maintenance funds, temporary reinforcement measures will be taken in time for buildings on the verge of collapse, and the key protection units with serious leakage will be treated first to dredge drainage facilities.

For key buildings, take radical measures and add waterproof interlayer on the roof.

At the same time, actively strive for special maintenance funds.

In view of the current limited capital investment, we can introduce more market mechanisms into protection, and encourage social forces and powerful economic entities to formulate protection plans and rationally develop and utilize them.

Collectively owned and large-scale ancient buildings, such as ancient ancestral halls, ancient theatres and ancient academies, can be combined with the construction of rural cultural stations and rural bookstores to become places for villagers' public activities and be effectively protected in their utilization.

As a tourist attraction, ancient dwellings should avoid excessive commercial atmosphere in order to maintain their original ecological state.

It is necessary to strengthen the planning and supervision of new rural residential construction and protect the living environment of ancient residential buildings.

Promote the implementation of the "claim" system for ancient dwellings, adopt various preferential policies, and encourage people of insight at home and abroad to acquire the property rights, use rights or naming rights of ancient dwellings by means of purchase, lease and adoption.

It is necessary to widely and deeply publicize the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics and the Regulations on the Protection of Ancient Dwellings in Southern Anhui.

Stimulate farmers' consciousness and enthusiasm of protecting cultural heritage through the form of village rules and regulations.

Education departments should incorporate the protection of ancient dwellings into local textbooks and educate primary and secondary school students.

Ancient dwellings are precious and non-renewable wealth left by predecessors, and we have the responsibility and obligation to protect them.

We believe that with the attention of leaders at all levels, the efforts of comrades in the cultural relics department, the active participation of the general public and the generous help of enthusiastic people, the protection of ancient dwellings will be improved day by day.

"It is forbidden to build buildings and advertising signs that destroy traditional features, to dismantle protected ancient buildings and components, and to cut mountains and quarry in ancient villages ..." Recently, Huangshan City issued seven normative documents, clarifying that every Huizhou ancient village must prepare a protection plan, and it is forbidden to dismantle ancient villages without authorization, even if they are protected in different places.

Huangshan City has 1, 0 1 ancient villages and 1, 000-odd ancient buildings. Except for a few ancient villages such as Xidi and Hongcun, which are well protected, most of them are intertwined with a large number of new houses, and some ancient villages have lost their quaint features.

Due to the low foundation, many ancient buildings are in disrepair.

In addition, in order to improve the living conditions, the villagers demolished some protected old houses without authorization.

In recent years, the dismantling and reselling of Huizhou ancient buildings and their components have become increasingly serious.

This time, Huangshan City * * * issued seven normative documents, which made strict regulations on the change of property rights of old houses, the protection of old houses by outsiders, and the relocation and demolition of ancient houses.

"Huangshan City issued seven documents at one time to protect Huizhou ancient villages and ancient dwellings, which is very rare in similar cities in China." The person in charge of the Legal Affairs Office of Huangshan City told the reporter.

According to the Interim Measures for the Protection and Utilization of Ancient Villages in Huangshan City, the protection and utilization of ancient villages in this city and counties should be included in the national economic and social development plan of this region, and special funds for protection and utilization should be arranged in the annual budget for the planning and infrastructure improvement of ancient villages.

The tourism income of ancient villages should be mainly used for the protection of ancient villages and the maintenance of ancient houses.

The city also stipulates that each ancient village with outstanding protection will be rewarded with 30,000 to 60,000 yuan.

Personal renovation of ancient dwellings, Huangshan City and its districts and counties * * * according to the total renovation funds to give 4000 to 6000 yuan reward.

Give preferential tax or exemption to the use of ancient dwellings.

If the owner of the original property right of ancient dwellings is unable to protect it, he may apply for land acquisition and transfer, and the unit or individual willing to protect it will contribute to the protection.

Villagers who voluntarily donate ancient houses because they are unable to maintain them may be approved by the local government to resettle another place.

Yu Zhihuai: Witness of Huizhou Ancient Dwellings Protection (Author: gov Source: Huangshan Daily Reading: 287 Date: 10, 2008+05)

On June 65438+1October 1 1, CCTV broadcasted "Yu Zhihuai: Witness of Huizhou Ancient Dwellings Protection" in the "My Experience" column of the 30th anniversary of the reform and opening-up of news broadcast:

From the broken houses that tear down beams and sell tiles to the carefully maintained world heritage.

Yu Zhihuai, director of Huizhou Culture Research Institute in yi county, Anhui Province, has seen the inheritance and progress of civilization from the protection of Huizhou ancient buildings in the past 30 years.

These two days, a building in Xidi Village, yi county, Anhui needs maintenance. Yu Zhihuai and the engineers have carefully worked out the construction plan of repairing the old, and the whole project needs at least 6.5438+0.5 million yuan.

Thirty years ago, Yu Zhihuai, who worked in Yixian Cultural Bureau at that time, had no idea that these old houses would become so expensive.

Yu Zhihuai, director of Huizhou Cultural Research Institute in yi county, Anhui Province: At that time, I saw that a decent old house could be bought with only 300 Jin of radish.

At one time, the local villagers were very enthusiastic about developing production. Yu Zhihuai found that some villagers turned their gardens into pigsty and their study into warehouse.

Yu Zhihuai, director of Huizhou Cultural Research Institute in yi county, Anhui Province: Very good wood carvings are nailed with nails, and there are bacon.

From then on, Yu Zhihuai began to discourage villagers from carrying out destructive transformation of ancient houses through local party committees, and helped Xidi and Hongcun to set up tourism companies.

Soon, the admiration of foreign tourists and the rapid growth of tourism income made the villagers begin to re-examine their ancient houses and traditional culture.

Yu Zhihuai, director of Huizhou Cultural Research Institute in yi county, Anhui Province: I think ancient houses should be protected. This is a treasure! Moreover, it can be said that these treasures are a rice bowl handed down by their ancestors for future survival.

In 2000, Xidihong Village successfully declared "World Cultural Heritage".

Now, tourism income has accounted for more than half of the income of local residents. As long as the villagers take good care of their houses, they can get a fixed dividend every year.

On this big stone at the entrance of Xidi Village, the collective oath of all villagers is engraved to protect this world cultural heritage from generation to generation.

Yu Zhihuai, director of Huizhou Cultural Research Institute in yi county, Anhui Province: It's a leap to tear down some of these houses and sell some firewood to protect them.

Without reform and opening up, China would not have such a world cultural heritage.

As a person who has been engaged in publicity and protection for 30 years, I feel very satisfied.