What is the core of China's traditional culture?

"The First Secretary of the Water Margin" tells the story of 108 heroes headed by Song Jiang, from the murder of Liang Shanbo in Juyi by traitors to the recruitment by the court, to the defeat of Liao soldiers, and finally to the destruction of the rebels. After reading the whole book, there are only two words left in my mind: loyalty and righteousness. Loyalty means doing your best for the motherland, relatives and friends. Song Jiang is still loyal to the motherland under various threats and inducements, which is loyalty; Lin Chong's wife, after Lin Chong was driven to Liangshan, insulted Gao Qiu's son and finally hanged herself. This is also loyalty. In today's society, I believe many people can achieve the word "loyalty", but few people can achieve the word "righteousness". A word "righteousness" contains too much content. In the Water Margin, 108 heroes are brothers, who go through fire and water for their friends and do everything for a word "righteousness"; In order to eliminate violence for the people, risking one's life and forgetting one's death can only be seen as a word "righteousness". Although there are only three words of a word "righteousness", it is sometimes necessary to write with one's life in real life. Giving up one's seat to others can be obtained by almost anyone, but not everyone can save people from danger. Because it requires considerable courage, even the determination to exchange one life for another. Righteousness can be interpreted as justice. A person with a strong sense of justice is a person with noble spirit. How many heroes have given their lives for righteousness through the ages? Aren't they afraid of death? They can risk their lives for justice and truth, because a strong sense of justice clearly tells them what not to do and what is worth fighting for with their lives. A person who has no sense of justice will not understand this, because his sense of justice has been swallowed up by numbness, his passion for struggle has been frozen, but his soul has been assimilated by some ugly things in society. There is a black man among the heroes in Water Margin. He is reckless and grumpy, and often conflicts with people because of trivial matters, and even kills people. However, he has a bumpy road, and he can draw out his sword to help those unscrupulous guys. In real life, although there is no such thrilling event, the word "righteousness" permeates our lives. Being loyal to friends is "stingy", and treating strangers or things with a fair eye is "justice". We Chinese nation are a just nation. When Japan invaded China, how many revolutionary martyrs with awe-inspiring loyalty, with their full blood, vowed to die unyielding, and achieved today's thriving motherland. One can not believe in God, but can not believe in "holiness". At present, our main task is to make our motherland more prosperous. Therefore, this is also the fundamental task of our national justice. Let us believe in this "sacredness" and use our own hands to safeguard this "sacredness". The ideological basis of organizing and uniting the masses in Water Margin is "loyalty". The "righteousness" mentioned here has injected the thoughts, feelings and moral concepts of the oppressed class to a certain extent. Lang Ying, a Ming Dynasty man, said, "I didn't expect indecent gifts at that time, and there must be injustice in the river." This actually means that the meaning in the Water Margin is not exactly the same as that of the ruling class. In feudal society, the lower classes also gave lectures. They emphasize the friendship between friends. When the road was rough, they drew their swords to help. As for "helping the poor and helping the poor" and "killing the rich", they all showed "righteousness". Therefore, the meaning written in Water Margin is anti-feudalism and anti-oppression under certain circumstances, which is different from the "righteousness" in Confucian ethics. In the description of Water Margin, we can see that Song Jiang, as the owner of Liangshan Lake, his thoughts and actions are related to the rise and fall of the whole Liangshan cause. In the evaluation of Water Margin, there are different views on Song Jiang. Song Jiang himself said: "He is black in appearance and short in stature. He was born as a small official, and his writing can't protect the country, and his martial arts can't convince the public. He has no power to tie a chicken, and rain has no power to arrow. " Sixty-eight chapters of Water Margin show that Sung River still knows himself. For Song Jiang, I will analyze it from the following aspects: 1, and Song Jiang's nickname shows his heroic nature and chivalrous spirit. Song Jiang, a famous male, has three nicknames: ○ 1 filial piety and Kursaburo (but now Song Jiang's foreign family relations are based on filial piety); ○2 timely rain (mainly saying that he helps others and helps others); ○3 Hu (according to textual research, it is related to the official name of the Song Dynasty, reflecting Song Jiang's loyalty to the court). 2. Song Jiang's background and occupation have a great influence on his thought, personality and life path. Song Jiang studied Confucian books since childhood, received traditional education, entered the society and worked as an escort in the county government. He was proficient in everything. His experience and personality enabled him to understand and experience the sufferings of the people and have a sense of justice. Because he is a small official, he knows the law and has the habit of abiding by it. After Song Jiang arrived at the water margin, he dealt with the problem comprehensively. After he committed a crime, the yamen put a cangue on him. Others flail, he said no. This is a national law. 3. Song Jiang, a hero before Liangshan, put classical thoughts in righteousness. When there is a contradiction between law and justice, he ignores the law. He made a certain contribution to the cause of Liangshan. He killed Yan Poxi when he gave the Liangshan hero the last straw. After Song Jiang went to Liangshan, he became the leader of the rebel army. He himself said that there is nothing outstanding about both civil and military skills. Why can he be a leader? This is because Song Jiang has the following advantages: he has a certain appeal in the rivers and lakes; Caring for brothers and trying to save them when they are in trouble; He has certain organizational ability and military command ability, such as Sanda Zhujiazhuang. He paid attention to summing up experience, starting with investigating the actual situation and breaking up two alliances such as Zhujiazhuang. 5. Song Jiang became a loyal minister of the imperial court after being recruited. His idea is to contribute to the country and protect the environment and people. After the death of Chao Gai, Song Jiang changed "Juyitang" to "Loyalty Hall", which was a great event for the rebel army and a key for Song Jiang in Water Margin. After being recruited, he changed the banner of Liangshan's "doing good for heaven" to "protecting the country according to heaven", and he also changed from a leader to a subordinate who obeyed the court. At this time, Song Jiang's thought is: I am patriotic, the emperor represents the country, the court does not live up to me, and I do not live up to the court. He did not listen to the discouragement of heroes such as Wu Yong and went to have Fang La, which was very tragic. 6. Tragic ending. Song Zhengjiang Fang La, 65,438+008 heroes left 27, and the rest were either sacrificed or left. The court didn't trust him and killed him. Before he died, Song Jiang was afraid that Li Kui jy would rebel and let Li Kui jy drink medicinal liquor and get poisoned. Song Jiang's life is tortuous. First, he is a heroic hero and the leader of Liangshan. After joining the army, he became a loyal minister of the court and finally died tragically. It can be said that Song Jiang's life was formed by "righteousness" and lost by "loyalty". There are always different opinions about the theme of Water Margin, but in a word, there are only three views: First, the theory of peasant uprising. Whether praising the peasant revolution or advocating capitulationism, it is recognized as the work of peasant uprising. Second, the public said. It is considered to be the life of the citizen class, reflecting the mood and interests of the citizen class, and "writing for the people"; The third is the theory of struggle between loyal and treacherous officials. It is considered to be a dispute between loyal and treacherous officials, praising loyalty and righteousness. It is really difficult to decide who is right and who is wrong with these three ideas. Because each kind contains reasonable elements, it reflects the ideological content of the novel from a certain aspect. The three can complement each other and contain each other. No matter from which angle we look at this work, several ideological tendencies it conveys are worthy of attention: advocating loyalty, which is the most prominent ideological tendency in the objective existence of Water Margin. First, the title of the work is Loyalty. The earliest name of Water Margin is loyalty Water Margin, even loyalty legend. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang's Introduction to the Complete Biography of Loyalty and Righteousness in the Water Margin said, "Loyalty and Righteousness are in the Water Margin". Secondly, "loyalty and righteousness" is the basic moral principle of Liangshan hero's action. As a complete concept, it belongs to the category of traditional morality. The connotation of "loyalty" in Water Margin is complicated. The fifty-fifth chapter of the Biography of the Water Margin said: "Loyalty and hatred of thieves and ministers are kings, and righteousness and brothers hide." It was not because of loyalty and loyalty that I was reunited with 18 people. " Obviously, "loyalty" is in line with the interests of the feudal ruling class; However, the word "loyalty" also contains patriotic spirit and people-oriented thought such as "protecting the environment and protecting the people" and "killing the rich and helping the poor". The emphasis on "righteousness" reflects the change of social moral norms. The song "Helping the Poor" in the novel not only reflects in a general sense that the lower classes "do their best to help each other and help each other" in order to safeguard their own interests, but also reflects more profoundly that social moral norms are quietly changing due to the continuous expansion of urban residents and vagrants. In short, "loyalty" is based on Confucian ethics, which not only protects the interests of the ruling class and the realistic order, but also conforms to the will and will of the broad masses of the people, including urban residents and vagrants. This was generally accepted by all social strata at that time. Thirdly, a group of loyal ministers and righteous men headed by Song Jiang were created, especially Song Jiang became the embodiment of loyalty and righteousness. The novel describes a group of "loyal people", aiming at "killing all cruel and corrupt officials and reporting loyalty to Zhao Guan". As a result, not only did it fail, but treacherous officials and corrupt officials caught up with Liangshan and became "thieves". After accepting the favor of the imperial court, they marched north into Liao and south into Fang La. "* * * Remember loyalty and make great contributions to the country." Finally, he was cornered by the king who wronged the country and the minister who had no choice. The author lamented that "the evil spirits are gone today, and the courtiers and thieves are still there", and angrily wrote a sad song of loyalty and righteousness for loyal officials and benevolent people. The image of Song Jiang, the leader of the rebel army, can best reflect the theme of loyalty and elegy. As the first protagonist of the novel, Song Jiang is the embodiment of "loyalty". "Loyalty" and "righteousness" are originally a pair of contradictory concepts, and the social ideal level of "righteousness" is to make Liangshan rebel army resist the darkness and uphold justice for heaven; The ethical principle of "loyalty" is to support the imperial court and maintain the real political order. It is precisely because "loyalty and righteousness" have different connotations and are opposed to each other that it is difficult to have both. If you want loyalty, you will give up righteousness, and if you want righteousness, you will be unfaithful. Song Jiang's character twists and turns in the contradiction between "loyalty" and "righteousness" because Song Jiang was born in a landlord family, was a "young politician and historian", and was a small official, which was inextricably linked with the feudal ruling class. Therefore, in his soul, there is a "strong" moral and ethical thought of "loyalty to the monarch and filial piety". Therefore, he developed the nature of being generous in aiding needy people, so Hebei and Shandong are famous, calling him "timely rain". On Song Jiang, if "righteousness" allows him to make friends with Jianghu, help needy families, be charitable and resist reality, then "loyalty" makes him think that rebellion is a great evil. Although he was driven to Liangshan, he was also in Liangshan, his heart was above the court, and he never forgot to "repent" and work for the court. The contradiction between the resistance of "righteousness" and the compromise of "loyalty" was shown as early as 18 when Song Jianggang appeared: Chao Gai and others "outsmarted the birth class" and the case fell into the hands of Song Jiang. For the sake of righteousness, he risked his life to "break the law", first tipped off Chao Gai, and then secretly let the seven chivalrous men go. However, afterwards, Song Jiang thought that Chao Gai and others robbed the birth class and killed the public, which was a matter of destroying the nine families, but it was unforgivable in terms of statutes. Then, in order to maintain his relationship with Liangshan, he killed Yan Poxi who tried to betray him and had to start his escape career. But at this time, he wanted to escape the government's arrest, but he didn't want to confront the government directly and went to Liangshan. As a result, he only stayed in Kongming, Kong Liang and Huarong Road for the time being. It was not until Liu Gao of Qingfeng Village wanted to frame him to death that he led Yan Shun, Huarong and Qin Ming to Liangshan. However, on the way, he suddenly received a fake letter from Shi Yong saying that his father had passed away. He immediately changed his mind, left the big group and went home to attend the funeral. Here, the concept of "filial piety" did not replace the concept of "righteousness", but played a leading role. In fact, "filial piety" and "loyalty" are two different moral and ethical concepts. In the face of "teaching" and "righteousness", he put "filial piety" first. At this time, the government held him very tightly. He knew that going home would not have a good result, but he would rather be arrested and imprisoned than betray the court to Liangshan again. The concept of "loyalty" dominates a person's actions. He was arrested after returning home, so he accepted the government's severance of Jiangzhou. Before he left, his father told him, "You were forced to come here from Liangshan. If they hijack you down the mountain, don't follow him, calling people disloyal and unfilial. " Therefore, on the way across the water margin, he would rather walk a few more miles and copy the path in order to pull him into Liangshan. Instead, however, Liangshan hero Liu Tang and Huarong really came to see Song Jiang. Liu Tang wanted to kill two escort workers and rescue Song Jiang, who was suddenly anxious. He quickly said, "This is not your brother's compliment to Song Jiang, but it will trap me in a disloyal and unfilial place. I might as well die. " Stick a knife in your throat and kill yourself. Huarong wanted to talk to Song Jiang, who said, "What's the matter, my dear brother? This is the national law, don't you dare to move! " When he arrived at Juyitang, he refused to be rescued by Classical. He also plausibly said: "It is disloyal and unfilial to follow the younger brother without arguing." It's time to go to jail, and he keeps saying loyalty and filial piety, which shows how deeply rooted the concept of loyalty and filial piety is in Song Jiang's heart. Until Jiangzhou served his sentence, he wrote two poems in Xunyanglou. Among them, sentences such as "If he takes revenge in another year, he will spill blood at the mouth of Xunyang River" and "If he gets Ling Yunzhi in another year, he will dare to laugh at Huang Chao's husband" were denounced as anti-poetry and sentenced to beheading. After Liangshan heroes risked their lives to get out of court, there was really no way out. He said, "Today, Song Jiang can't go to Liangshan." After Song Jiang came to Liang Shan, he actively struggled with the classical style. After the death of Chao Gai, he took over as the leader of the whole cottage. As the three castellans in Liangshan, Song Jiang changed the unfaithfulness of the former castellan Wang Lun and the unfaithfulness of the second castellan Classical, and independently implemented the "full loyalty" route. Although he is not as good as the classical martial arts, and his literary works and social status are not as good as Chai Jin's, he can make "Wan Hu return to Shui Bo wholeheartedly" because he is loyal to heaven and liver. "Righteousness" is the link between his views on the first-rate figures in Li Kui and "loyalty" is the bridge between his views on the first-rate figures in Guan Sheng. "Righteousness" is the basis of his popularity, and "loyalty" is the purpose of creating heroes in Shui Bo. The Water Margin eulogizes the loyalty of Song Jiang and other Liangshan heroes, but also profoundly exposes the unfaithfulness and injustice of a group of corrupt officials and tyrant gentry from the imperial court down to the local level. The concept of loyalty in Water Margin has a long history. "Loyalty" and "righteousness" have always been important categories in ancient Confucian ethics in China, especially since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In history, the nature of Sung River Uprising needs careful discussion by historians, but it is popular among the people as a "talk again", and it is obviously more and more obviously painted with the color of "loyalty". It is along this long-term thinking mode that Shi Naian, the novelist, wrote The Water Margin as a biography of loyalty.