The Evolution of Four European Systems

Marked by a series of peace treaties in 1648, traditional forces such as Spain, Habsburg and the Holy See weakened, while new forces such as France, the Netherlands and Sweden rose. At the same time, it is also a symbol of the rise of the nation-state, the cornerstone of modern international relations, and establishes the view that sovereignty is supreme. After the French Revolution, the balance of power brought by this system was broken.

Vienna system (18 15- 1853)

With 18 15 as the symbol, and with the principles of balance of power, orthodoxy and compensation as the key link, Britain, Prussia, Austria and Russia maintained the international feudal rule order. It was repeatedly hit by the industrial revolution and bourgeois revolution in various countries, and finally ended after the Crimean War.

Versailles system (19 18- 1936)

Starting with the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, it was a treaty between the victorious allies and the defeated countries, and established a European system dominated by Britain and France. Hitler officially broke the game after he entered the Rhineland.

Yalta system (1945- 199 1)

Marked by the Yalta Treaty signed by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union during World War II, the main content is that the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union decide on their respective systems of liberated European territories, and Europe is divided into two camps: the pro-American West and the pro-Soviet East. 199 1 Soviet Union was broken after drastic changes in Eastern Europe.