On China's Papers on Modern Opium War

The Opium War took place in June of 1840 (the 20th year of Daoguang), which was regarded by historians as the beginning of China's modern history. However, how can we write a paper on the Opium War in China's modern history? The following is the paper I recommend to you about the Opium War in China's modern history. I hope you like it!

On the influence of the Opium War on the modern culture of China.

1840 The Opium War was the beginning of China's modern history. It opened the door for the Qing Dynasty to close its doors to the outside world, and gradually reduced China from a feudal society to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Opium War changed the social nature of China. At the same time, with the gradual opening up of China, the advanced industrial civilization in the west has had a great impact on the backward agricultural civilization in China. The rise of Westernization Movement, the development of Westernization activities, the rise of national capitalism, the establishment of modern chemical plants and the peasant movement have had an unimaginable impact on the old ideas in the old society. In this process, the Confucian ideology formed by China for thousands of years and his thought of calling himself the kingdom of heaven have been changed. Yidi? With a strong ship and a strong gun, people of insight began the road of self-reflection. From the ideological trend of applying the world to seeing the world, and then to learning from foreigners to control foreigners, knowledgeable progressives gradually changed their ideas and initiated political, economic, cultural and cultural changes. This paper studies the influence of the Opium War on China culture, aiming at trying to understand the changes and reasons of China culture caused by the influence of the Opium War in modern times through the analysis of this special historical stage, and making a superficial discussion on it.

Opium War; China culture; affect

Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in China. In the early and middle period of Qing Dynasty, the society was relatively stable and the economy was very prosperous, especially in Kangxi, Qianlong and Yongzheng dynasties, where the economy developed rapidly. However, in a peaceful environment, the social atmosphere is gradually moving towards luxury and chaos, and contradictions are long under the glamour. Ruled by backward feudal ideas, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty adopted a closed door policy, which made the Qing Dynasty fall into a closed state of not communicating with the outside world, and the development of the country stagnated and gradually turned from prosperity to decline. When the Qing Dynasty gradually declined, European countries developed rapidly. European capitalist countries headed by Britain gradually completed the primitive accumulation of capital hosts, broke out bourgeois revolutions one after another, and established a capitalist system. When they have strong military and economic strength, they gradually turn their eyes to China to expand overseas markets.

I. Overview of the Opium War

1840- 1842 after the first opium war, China gradually changed from a feudal society to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. From 1970s to19th century, Britain began to import opium to China, and the quantity increased year by year. The British bourgeoisie tried its best to dump opium to China to resist trade overload, in an attempt to open the door to the China market. In this process, Britain made a fortune from opium. A large amount of silver flowed out of China, and the people were devastated by opium, and suffered serious mental and physical injuries. Daoguang sent an imperial envoy Lin Zexu to Guangzhou to ban smoking, and Lin Zexu concentrated on destroying opium collected at Humen Beach. Is this famous? Destroy opium in Humen? .

The British government used this as an excuse to send troops to China, but the Qing government did not actively prepare for the war in the coastal areas, which led to the rout of the Qing army when the British attacked. During the war, the people of China actively fought against Britain, and there were anti-aggression struggles such as the Sanyuanli anti-British struggle, which fully demonstrated the people's determination and strong patriotic feelings in the anti-aggression struggle. The first Opium War ended in the failure of the Qing government, and the Qing government was forced to sign the unequal treaty-treaty of nanking.

Second, the influence of the Opium War on China culture.

(A) changes in traditional concepts

China's civilization was born very early, and it is one of the cradles of world civilization. Among the neighboring countries, China has always been the country with the highest degree of civilization development. Even if it is conquered by the backward ethnic minorities around it by force, the strong tolerance and integration of Chinese civilization will eventually assimilate it into a part of Chinese civilization. At the same time, Chinese civilization radiates to neighboring countries with its powerful influence, which has formed a far-reaching influence. Therefore, since ancient times, China has formed a concept of the world centered on the Central Plains rather than the concept of the country, a self-centered concept, which regards the surrounding ethnic groups as barbarians and considers China as the center of the world. Mr. Shijie mentioned it in the book? The sky is beyond the sky, and the earth is under the sky. China lives in the middle of heaven and earth, and Siyi lives on the edge of heaven and earth. Besides Siyi, it is also in China? .

We can see that at this time, China people have regarded themselves as the center of the world. In China's traditional concept, China is the central country, and neighboring barbarian countries want to pay tribute to China. Are you online? China went to the countryside? China's so-called complacency? Foreign barbarians? Disdain, this smug complacency was brought to the Opium War. The Qing government believed that Britain was still an uncivilized country. Even some officials at that time suggested to the emperor that foreigners' legs could not run away, just knock them off with bamboo poles. Only after the fiasco of the Qing government in the Opium War did people realize the Qing Dynasty? China went to the countryside? It's just a dream made up by myself, and the barbarian who is considered barbaric has surpassed himself. A few knowledgeable people have started the road of self-improvement. From where? Practical use? Arrive? See the world? From where? The older you get, the more human you become. Arrive? Control foreigners like foreigners? ,? The world? The concept of direction? The world? Gradually changing ideas. So until after the Opium War, China's? Country? Instead of. The world? The concept of self-declaration has gradually taken shape.

(B) the germination of modern education

Apart from political, economic and cultural influences, the spread of western learning to the east after the Opium War was an important condition for modern education in China. Among them, the Westernization Education during the Westernization Movement was the embryonic stage of modern education in China and an important chapter in the history of education in China. Westernization education mainly includes three aspects: Westernization School trains modern talents for China, study abroad education sends students to Europe to receive advanced education, and translates excellent western works to spread advanced western knowledge. Westernization education is the bud of modern education, which changed China's education from the traditional mode to the modern mode, and completely negated the feudal education that the old China could not meet the requirements of the development of social productive forces. Modern education in China has begun.

Undoubtedly, the Westernization School of the Westernization School should occupy a place in the modern educational history of China. It was the Westernization School that provided the initial territory for the spread of western learning in China, and created conditions for the gradual disintegration of traditional education in form, thus laying the foundation for the formal start of educational modernization in China. Westernization School, as an important link in China's educational modernization and the first educational value and road choice in modern China, fully embodies China people's thinking and handling of educational problems in the primary stage of cultural conflict between China and the West. The success or failure of running a school has a far-reaching impact on the choice of the development path of modern education in China, and even on our education today. Specifically, Westernization School changed the traditional educational concept, impacted the stale imperial examination system, and promoted the transformation of traditional academies. Westernization School is the future of China's modern education to avoid colonization and represents the development direction of China's modern education. Although Westernization School objectively opened the process of early education modernization in China, it still exists. The gear lever does not change lanes? Under the domination of school-running thought, Westernization School only introduced western technology, but lost the scientific spirit as the fundamental technology; Trying to keep the traditional humanistic education, but in fact it is rigid and weak, which leads to the narrow road of early education modernization in China.

References:

[1] Shi Jie. China Liu Laishi's Collected Works [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1984.

[2] Wei Yuan. Wei Yuanji and I [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1976.

[3] Zhang Jing. The influence of the Opium War on China's traditional ideas [J]. History teaching, 20 12( 13)