What are the twelve laws in music?

Physically, the pitches of the tones in a musical system are different even if their vibrational frequencies differ by only one hertz. However, such subtle differences are barely discernible to human hearing. In order to make the music better adapt to the needs of people's hearing, adapt to the development of music, people gradually began to consciously formulate certain specifications for the pitch of music. The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you have the right pitch for your voice.

In the musical system, the rhythm refers to the pitch of the music, which is a regular and systematic standard pitch.

In the ancient times of China, the words "律" and "度", "量", "衡"(referring respectively to the length of an object, the volume of an object, and the size of an object) were used in the same way. In ancient China, "law" and "degree", "measure", "weight" (respectively refers to the length of the object, volume (volume) size, light weight), as each dynasty to develop, promulgate national standards, can be seen its importance.

So far, people have discovered and formulated many kinds of laws, such as the Pure Law, the Law of Three Points of Gain and Loss, and the Law of Equalization (there are many kinds), and the Law of Twelve Equalizations is the most widely used and has the greatest influence in the world today.

The so-called equal temperament refers to the system of dividing the intervals of an octave (octave range) into equal parts. Twelve equal temperament is the system of dividing an octave into twelve equal parts (semitones). The earliest person in the world who calculated the twelve equal temperament theoretically was Zhu Zaiyu (1536-about 1610), a rhythmist of the Ming Dynasty in China, who had already determined the twelve equal temperament before 1581. However, his results were not applied to music practice in time. In Europe, keyboard music of the 17th century began to require the use of the twelve equal temperament, which was an acoustic aspect of music that was not well adapted to people's hearing at that time. From the 18th century onwards, due to the development of transposition and the expansion of tonality, equal temperament was increasingly used by composers in the practice of their works (e.g. Bach's Piano Pieces in Equal Temperament). After this, the twelve equal temperament was gradually adopted by the composers. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> Domestic research is very little, the founder should be Helmholtz, research on the physical side of the more, such as the formation of human hearing, hearing thresholds, etc. Tone rhythm is in the long term development of the development of musical practice, there are many types of tone rhythms, and the main tone rhythms that are familiar with the "pure", "five degrees of harmony", "five degrees of harmony", "five degrees of harmony", "five degrees of harmony". There are many types of meters, and the main meters are known as "pure meter", "five degree meter", and "twelve mean meter". Among them, the "twelve equal temperament" is now widely used by countries all over the world. The formation of the rhythm of each nation is not the same to the present position, such as India, Southeast Asia, some other regions also retained some other rhythms from the point of view of the auditory and harmonic twelve equal temperament has a great advantage of pure law refers to the more pure the ratio of the vibration of the sound waves of two tones, the more harmonic the two tones, and vice versa the more inharmonious. This is a natural characteristic of the human ear. The most harmonic interval is of course the perfect first degree, followed by the perfect octave, but the second and seventh are quite inharmonious intervals. The proportions of their vibrations must be very strange. Although pure meter best meets the human ear's requirements for a beautiful sound, and is capable of very beautiful harmonic acoustics, it is not very practical. For example, if the dominant of C major is DO, the pitch of other tones should be set according to the ratio with DO as the starting point, but if it is shifted to G major, the pitch of all the tones will be changed a little bit. Before the Baroque era, because of the simplicity of the musical form, there was little transposition, but as the musical form became more complex, the pure meter became a rather troublesome system. As music evolved, the shortcomings of pure meter became apparent, and in order to solve this problem, the dodecatonic meter was created. Twelve equal temperament is the division of an octave into twelve equal intervals, each of which is defined as a semitone, and two semitones as a whole tone. The most important advantage of the twelve equal temperament is that, no matter how you shift or transpose the key, you will always get an equal musical effect. But this is relative, because 12 equal temperament divides an octave into 12 equal parts, so the vibrational ratio between each semitone is an inexhaustible infinity, so no matter which chord is played, it is impossible to get a truly harmonic effect, but the range of the 12 equal temperament's influence is quite small, which makes it a very good intervallic system in comparison. The reason why MIDI can't replace the effect of real people is that when real people play, the player will judge the degree of harmony of the intervals by his own ears, which is usually closer to pure law, but it can't be done in computers, the fundamental reason is that there is a fundamental difference in the interval definition system, but the difference is not too big. The Central Conservatory of Music's Mr. Han Baoqiang has <The Course of Sound - An Introduction to Modern Musical Acoustics> a book that you can buy or borrow to take a look at that will be rewarding