Types and requirements of cross-country skiing events

1.500m cross-country skiing competition

2.1000m cross-country skiing competition

3.3000m cross-country skiing competition

4.5000m cross-country skiing competition

5.7500m cross-country skiing competition

6.10000m cross-country skiing competition

7.4× 1000. Cross-country skiing relay race

8.4× 1000. Cross-country skiing relay race

The following events provide meaningful competition opportunities for athletes with lower ability.

9. 100 meter cross-country skiing competition-traditional technology

10.50m cross-country skiing-traditional technology

11.25m skiing-traditional techniques

12. 10 meter skiing-traditional technology

If there are not enough athletes divided into traditional skills and free skills in the same distance competition, then the competition should be merged and the free technical rules should be adopted. 1. The route design of cross-country skiing should be suitable for beginners, intermediate athletes and senior athletes in length and terrain. The proper route should be safe and can test the skill and health level of each athlete. Such a line system should include a line that can be used for 1000 meters to 10000 meters, and the overlap of this line should not exceed 1 km at most. The ideal route is that the long-distance race (3 km to 10 km) is a separate route. Each line should be clearly marked with a red flag or a clear flag, and a display should be placed at the line connection where confusion may occur to guide the athletes to the correct line.

2. Before the competition, you should press the route and arrange the snow trail. After the game every day, you should rearrange your preparations. If more than 1 snow trails are used, the interval between the snow trails must be 1- 1.2m, and the measurement should start from the middle of the two snow trails. A single snow trail should be 20-24 cm apart, and the measurement should also start from the middle of two snow trails. The depth of the snow slot should be 2-5 cm. When deciding whether to open the skating rink or the second skiing rink, we should consider the athletes' ability level. At least one snow trail should be set up. According to the rules, another track can be set as a skating track or a second snow track.

3. Set the heating place where the lines are easy to access, and the place must be large enough to accommodate Special Olympics athletes in extreme weather. Furthermore, because indoor waxing is much easier than outdoor waxing, the heating place should provide space for waxing.

4. A preheating area and a waxing debugging area should be set up near the starting point area.

The parking lot in the ski area should have enough space for volunteers, Special Olympics staff, coaches and athletes to use. As required, an ambulance must be deployed nearby. 1. The organizer of the competition shall provide sufficient line maintenance equipment, such as sleigh cars, shovels, snow track setters, etc. It must be kept at hand before and during the competition so that the line can be repaired in time when there is an accident or bad weather.

2. Signs, flagpoles and fences should be able to determine the route. The marks should be the same size and color, and placed at intervals along a straight line, so that athletes can clearly see the next mark at one mark. Flagpoles and fences should be used to block routes that may lead athletes astray. Fences should be set up in the departure area and the destination area to restrict the entry of non-competition personnel and non-staff members.

3. If necessary, the fence should be enclosed in a circle.

Banners should indicate the starting point and the ending point, and indicate the place where the Special Olympics will be held.

5. From1km to 10 km, electronic timing equipment with manual backup system shall be used for timing (four stopwatches, two starting points and two ending points). /kloc-the 0/00 meter race must be timed by at least two stopwatches more than the number of athletes, one stopwatch for each track and two for standby. Athletes should keep time in all competitions, and the report card should reflect this policy. If the finish referee disagrees with the order of the timing results in the competition, the finish referee will be the final result.

6. The stadium should use a good quality public communication system to help the competition workbench, information dissemination, competition organization and competition review. There should be music.

7. In the vicinity of the finish area, for the convenience of athletes, coaches and spectators, a formal announcement list should be set up, including the update of important event information such as athletes' names, numbers and departure sequence (such as the start time of the event, start and stop temperatures and snow temperatures, the highest and lowest temperatures and snow temperatures in the line, etc.). ). Before the award ceremony, the time and place of the award shall be notified.

8. In the start-stop area or information center, first-aid materials and sledges or snowmobiles with sledges should be transported at any time. Certified medical personnel must be arranged to be present.

9. ski equipment maintenance tools (screwdriver, pliers, scraper, file, wax and p-tex) and waxing workbench shall be provided.

10. Line workers, such as timekeepers, line supervisors, departure referees and guards/policemen, end referees and guards/policemen, and members of the competition rules committee, can wear windbreakers or armbands to show their differences.

1 1. There should be radio communication between technical representatives, competition leaders, competition secretary, media area, starting point and end point, achievement announcement area and line leaders. Timing officials in the start-stop area and the result announcement area should have their own channels, and they can easily switch to the general information channel. Timing officials should stand in a position where they can clearly see the starting point and the end point.

12. Thermometers shall be provided to measure the air temperature, the snow surface temperature in the starting and ending areas, and the temperature at the highest and lowest points of the line. The temperature should be announced regularly throughout the competition. 1. competitors

A. competition leaders

B. competition secretary

C. Line length

D. commander

E. long-term

F. Chief Information Officer

G. heads of media and medical services

H. Production line equipment supervisor

I. Service Supervisor

J. guide

2. Technical representatives

A. The organizing committee should find a technical representative from the International Snow Federation or special olympics international.

B the technical representative shall appoint the competition committee, including the competition director, the line director and two coaches. The technical representative is the chairman of the competition committee and should be elected unanimously. The decision of the Committee shall take effect by the majority opinion.

Note: Please refer to the rules of the International Snow Federation, including the competition personnel part and the arbitration commission part. 1. General rules and modifications

A according to section 35 1. 1 of FISU cross-country skiing rules, the race from 500m to10km should be started intermittently. That is, one or two athletes will start every 30 seconds.

B The starting password for the cross-country skiing competition from 500m to 10km should be as follows: "(Racer) in position … 1 5s …10s …5, 4, 3, 2,1,let's go!" /kloc-There is no preliminaries warning for individual events below 0/00m. The departure password is: "Take your positions ... get ready ... boom (gunfire)." The password of the relay race is the same as that of 100 meters, except that 10 seconds warns, "10 seconds ... get ready ... boom (gunfire). When the athletes arrive at the relay area, they shall not interfere with the departure of other athletes.

C the race route from 500m to10km shall include uphill, downhill, level road and alternate sections. If possible, the route should include 1/3 uphill, 1/3 downhill and 1/3 flat road. The slopes of uphill and downhill parts should be designed according to the ability level of participating athletes. Therefore, the 3,000-meter race route is more stringent than the 500-meter race route, and the 5,000-meter race route is more demanding than the 3,000-meter race route.

D races from 500m to10km should be held on the circular route. Long-distance race, allowing multiple laps. The starting point and the ending point should be as close as possible.

2. Specific rules and amendments

A.50 and 100 meter cross-country race

1) 100 meter race shall be conducted according to section 372. 1, Volume 2, rules of ICR International Snow Federation, with the following modifications:

A) The departure line should be straight. There should be eight snow trails, and there should be a snow slot in the middle of each snow trail. The snow trail is at least 2 meters wide.

B) 372.2, 37 1.8, 378. 1, some rules are not applicable to Special Olympics.

2) 100m The race route should be as flat as possible. The slope of the competition route shall not exceed 5%. If the race route is set on a slope, the starting point of the race should be set so that the athletes can finish the race by sliding uphill at last.

B. cross-country skiing relay race

1) The grouping of cross-country skiing relay races shall be based on the calculation of team time. The calculation method of group time is

Through the comprehensive group, each member from close-distance individual technical competition to relay horizontal bar (such as 1 km cross-country,

Ski relay preliminary results). Players do not participate in the relay from close distance to single pole.

In the competition, you must take part in and complete the preliminary competition of individual technical competition.

2) Competition officials can have a relay race every minute.

3) If there are more than 10 teams participating in the 4* 1 km cross-country skiing relay race, the competition organizer will conduct a test.

Consider dividing the venue into two parts to compete in order to reduce and control the congestion of relay areas and lines.

4) If a team fails to relay correctly in the competition, the referee in the relay area shall immediately notify the athletes.

Athletes have the responsibility to decide whether to relay again later.

C.25-meter skiing competition

1) equipment

A) start/end sign post

B) color pigments and coatings

C) stopwatch

D) whistle

2) Set out:

A) Mark the start and end points at a distance of 25 meters.

Set snow troughs on flat terrain.

B) Set appropriate departure gates and destination gates at the end of the line, and set up sign posts.

C) The vertical landing of the line can be 1 meter.

3) Rules:

A) Departure password: "Athlete is ready to whistle" or "Athlete is ready to depart". When the referee motioned the athlete's foot to cross the plane of the starting line, the timekeeper began to time.

B) Athletes slide on the 25-meter line (with or without ski poles).

C) Athletes can't get self-guidance at any time after crossing the starting line and before crossing the finish line.

Help from coaches, referees, volunteers, etc.

4) Rating:

A) Timing starts when the athlete crosses the starting line with one foot and ends when the athlete crosses the finish line with one foot.

B) The final score and ranking of athletes are determined according to the time they spend.

D. 10 meter pole-less skiing competition

1) equipment

A) start/end sign post

B) color pigments and coatings

C) stopwatch

D) whistle

2) Set out:

A) Mark the starting point and ending point of the distance10m.

Set snow troughs on flat terrain.

B) Set appropriate departure gates and destination gates at the end of the line, and set up sign posts.

4) Rating:

A) Timing starts when the athlete crosses the starting line with one foot and ends when the athlete crosses the finish line with one foot.

B) The final score and ranking of athletes are determined according to the time they spend. 1. Convergence competition

A) The integration team consists of two Special Olympics athletes and two integration partners.

B) Special Olympics athletes and integration partners with similar age and ability are more suitable for cross-country skiing integration training and competition. Similar age and ability will improve the training quality and competition experience. 1. Under the following circumstances, the Committee may disqualify an athlete:

A) Not following the specified route or passing through the specified point or taking shortcuts.

B) ask for help that is not allowed.

C) Failing to give way to overtaking athletes or stop overtaking.

Violate the rules and regulations of traditional technology.

E) failed to finish the race alone.

Second step

The protest procedure stipulated by the International Snow Federation is applicable to the Special Olympics. The men's cross-country skiing team Greco-Roman competition ended at Laura Snow Center. Finland won the first gold medal in this Winter Olympics with a score of 23 minutes 14.89 seconds. Russia and Sweden ranked second and third respectively. Norway, a veteran power, only finished fourth.

At 14: 05 local time, 23 teams competed in the semi-finals. In the end, 10 teams advanced to the finals. Norway, a traditional strong team, won the last Vancouver Winter Olympics and advanced to the final. Although China advanced, they abstained before the semi-final.

According to the competition process, two players from each team will alternately slide 6 laps on the track of 1.8km long. At 20: 00 Beijing time, 15, the game started. For some reason, France abstained before the final. After the first bat, Russia, Sweden and Finland ranked in the top three. Norway ranked last, with 9 teams only 4.04 seconds apart.

In the second baseball game, Norway won the first place by relying on the performance of the famous Peter Nosag, while Sweden and Finland continued to rank second and third. After the third lap, Sweden, Germany and Russia ranked in the top three. On the fourth lap, the first accident happened in the race. Razim of the Czech Republic slipped down the hill, leaving the Czech Republic behind the first place 14 second. Russia, Finland and Sweden occupy the top three, while Norway still ranks seventh.

The most surprising thing is that Norway's Hartstad, who won the gold medal in the individual competition before, is like sleepwalking in this competition. At the final power point, the defending champion has fallen behind Germany, Finland and Russia 10.7438+0 seconds.

Germany, Finland and Russia competed for the gold medal. However, before the last corner kick, the German player Che Caneque accidentally fell down, which also interfered with the Russian rhythm. Finland took the opportunity to launch a sprint and finally won the gold medal with an advantage of 0.97 seconds. Russia and Sweden won silver and bronze medals respectively, while defending champion Norway ranked fourth.

Cross-country skiing women's 4×5 km relay greco-Roman/freestyle ended at Laura Ski Center. Sweden won the gold medal with 53 points 02.7, Finland won the silver medal with 53 points 03.2, and Germany won the bronze medal with 53 points 03.6. Defending champion Norway ranked fifth in 53 minutes and 56.3 seconds.

Cross-country skiing women's 4× 5km relay classical/freestyle 1 * * There are 14 teams, each team consists of 4 athletes, with the first two skiing in classical style and the last two skiing in freestyle. Finland, Germany and Sweden won the top three places in the 2009 World Championships, and Russia was the champion of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. In Vancouver Winter Olympics, Norway, Germany and Finland won the top three. At the Winter Olympics in Sochi, the Norwegian team was also one of the favourites to win the championship, and they were led by the famous Bjorgen, who came last.

In the competition, the Swedish team's classical skiing was not excellent, and the first stick slipped out 14 minutes 09.8 seconds, ranking third. Second, the Swedish team began to break out, and Emma performed very well, ranking first with 28 minutes 12 seconds 1. Anna of Sweden was overtaken by two opponents in the third bar, but Kara of Sweden played well in the last bar and finally won the gold medal in 53 minutes and 02.7 seconds.

Finland didn't skate well in the first stick, ranking ninth with only 14 minutes 2 1.2 seconds. Then the second stick, Sagnin of Finland, started to speed up. She skated very fast and followed her opponent closely. At this time, Finland came to the second place with 28 minutes 12.5 seconds. Third, Finland's acceleration ability is excellent. She came to the first place in 40 minutes and 26.6 seconds, but Finland was overtaken by Kara and won the silver medal in 53 minutes and 03.2 seconds.

Germany's first place today is not very good, only ranked sixth. From the second stick, Germany remained in the top three. On the fourth stick, Germany played well and finally won the bronze medal in 53 minutes and 03.6 seconds.

Defending champion Norway has been hovering in the fourth and fifth position today. Heidi slipped out of the first stick 14 minutes 12.0 seconds, and Georg ranked fifth with 28 minutes and 25.5 seconds. After entering the third column, Norway still failed to surpass, ranking fifth and fourth. Bjorgen, a 33-year-old veteran, failed to turn things around. In the end, Norway ranked fifth with 53 minutes and 56.3 seconds and failed to defend its title.

20 14 Sochi Winter Olympics women's 10 km cross-country skiing classic, China's Li ranked 37th with 3 1: 20.7, Mandandan ranked 53rd with 32: 25: 1, and Polish athletes won the gold medal with 28: 17.8.

In the women's 10 km cross-country skiing classic, Li and Man Dandan will strive to break into the top 30, but it is not easy to achieve their goals. Norwegian Bjorgen will attack her personal Olympic gold medal, and her compatriot John Haug, Polish Ko Valts Ke and Swedish star Kara also covet the champion of this project.

After the game started, Kowalczyk was in excellent condition. At 2.2 kilometers, her score was 5 minutes and 20 seconds 0. In the 5km and 8km races, Kowalczyk kept the lead. When she slid to 9.4km, Kowalczyk's score was 26: 49.7, and she won the gold medal with 28: 17.8.

Kara of Sweden also performed well. 2.2 kilometers, she ranked sixth with 5 minutes and 30.3 seconds. 5 kilometers, she won the third place with 13 minutes 16.5 seconds. In the next race, Kara skated faster and faster. At 9.4 kilometers, she won the second place with 27 minutes 13.5 seconds. She kept this position until the end.

Bjorgen didn't start very fast, with a score of 2.2km and 5: 24.2. In the next few races, Bjorgen's state declined a little, with 5 km falling to fourth and 8 km falling to fifth, but she came to 9.4 km, and Bjorgen ranked third with 27 minutes 2 1.4 seconds. In the end, she failed to surpass her and won the bronze medal in 28 minutes and 46 seconds 1.

At the Vancouver Winter Olympics, Bjorgen won three gold medals in one fell swoop and was an absolute hero of the Norwegian delegation. In this Winter Olympics, Bjorgen won the fourth gold medal in the women's outdoor skiing15km chase. This time, she failed to capture the first hardware, and a bronze medal is also a comfort.

Li tied for 20th place in the 2.2km race with a time of 5 minutes, 38.5 seconds. After that, Li did not play well and was gradually overtaken by other opponents. At 8 km, she ranked 3 1 with a score of 22: 36.3. In the last few kilometers, Li slipped again and finally finished the race with 3 1: 20.7, ranking 37 th.

Mandandan's state today is average, ranking 57th in 2.2km, 6 minutes and 08.6. In the next race, Mandandan has been unable to make progress, and his score hovers around 50. At 8km, she came to the best ranking, 52nd, but failed to keep it, and finally ranked 53rd with 32 minutes and 25 seconds 1.