The Historical Origin of Tibetan Dance

Guo Zhuo is popular in many areas, and different areas have different names.

Sakya is called Suo, the Ministry of Industry is called Bohe, and the pastoral area in northern Tibet is called Zhuo or Guozhuang.

"Guo Zhuo" is a kind of circular self-entertainment song and dance that ancient people danced around bonfires and pots and pans, including dance words such as "imitating animals" and expressing love.

The dance styles in agricultural and pastoral areas are different and have their own characteristics.

When dancing, men and women stand hand in hand or shoulder to shoulder, and the dancers take turns to accompany the dance, adding call signs from time to time, which is a distinctive feature of Guo Hesheng's integration into the original dance form of the Qiang nationality.

The movements are mainly waving in front of the body, turning hips, squatting and turning around, which is lively and enthusiastic.

"Duihuan" was first spread in the circle dance from the west of the towering Shigatse in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley to the whole territory of Ali, and then gradually became popular in * * *.

This is the earliest dance accompanied by a lyre.

"Dui Harmony" gradually evolved into a male performance dance "Tap Dance" accompanied by a small band and featuring tap dance.

However, the traditional "ring-to-ring" is different from other forms of circle dance, which holds hands in front of or behind men and women's bodies.

This is the same as the dance form of Qiang people in Salang and the murals of the ruins of Guge Dynasty palaces and castles.

It can be seen that the dance "Duihuan" existed in the 10 century.

Harmony, also known as Black Boy, is named after the male dancer who leads the dance and is accompanied by the stringed instrument erhu or oxleg piano.

Tibetan is called "Ye" or "Kangxie", which is popular in Qamdo, Qinghai, Gansu and other places in the * * * autonomous region, especially Heizai in Batang, Sichuan.

Black boys in different Tibetan areas have the same shape and slow and smooth movements.

Zhuo Xie and Rebazhuo are two representative dances of Tibetan dance Zhuo.

"Zhuo" mainly performs "agitation" in various circles, and there are also performance dances formed by processing and sorting out the original "animal dance".

In Zhuo's whole dance, it is characterized by not jumping when singing and not singing when jumping, and technical performance plays a major role in the dance.

Zhuoxie originated from thousands of years of ancient sacrifices, and the continuation of sacrificial activities made a variety of "encouragements" passed down from generation to generation.

It can be found in the costume of Zhuoben, the lead dancer of Shigatse's Great Encouragement.

Traces of ancient Tibetan sacrificial activities and nomadic life.

It is particularly worth mentioning that the drum used in "Great Drum Dance" in Simawangdui Township, Xigaze area, the so-called "Sima Zhuo", is obviously different from the drums in other areas. The drum shape is twice as big as other areas, with a long wooden handle, which is inserted obliquely at the back.

The performance of Zhuo Harmony is divided into three parts, interspersed with songs, and sung by all the dancers.

In addition, there are "inspirational" performances with big skills and formation changes.

Most of the lyrics sung now are mainly to wish good luck, good harvest and happiness in life, and the sacrificial elements are gradually weakening.

"Great Encouragement" is mostly performed on festive occasions such as "Guo Wang Festival".

* * *, Zhuoxie in Shannan and other regions * * *, Zhuoxie in Shannan and other regions has a small drum surface tied to the waist without a long wooden handle.

This form of "encouragement" has a long history. As early as the Tang Dynasty, there was an image of "Zhuo He" in the murals of various temples. In the murals of Princess Jincheng Temple in Sanye Temple, we can also see its elegance and "outstanding" appearance.

Reba is a trinity performance form with certain plot, including "folk song and dance" and "zaqu performance". Popular in Qamdo, Ministry of Industry and Tibetan areas in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, it is an acrobatic song and dance program with vagrants as its livelihood.

Rebazhuo, on the other hand, is a double "bell encouragement" for male and female artists to perform. Now people refer to Reba Zhuo and Reba, basically referring to Bell's encouragement.

Bell drum dance is a distinctive "drum dance" in Zhuo area.

In addition to folk dances that amuse themselves, since the Gadan Pozhang Dynasty in the 5th century A.D./KLOC-0, Tibetans began to have professional songs and dances that were specially performed in the palace.

/kloc-at the end of 0/8 and the eighth * * *, "Nangma", which was loved by Tibetan courts and upper-class nobles, blended mainland music and Jiangnan dance.

Dance consists of two parts: slow and fast.

With the progress of the times, the horse has been added and adapted, and now it has become a performance dance and is presented on the stage.

In addition, "Gail" is a kind of "music and dance" performed by male children, named "Gailba".

It is often used to exorcise evil spirits and welcome auspicious events, and to praise politics and religion.

Judging from the accompaniment music, musical instruments, dancing posture and costumes of this dance, Gail was obviously influenced by the "music and dance" in the Central Plains and the Western Regions.

In addition to the folk dances mentioned above, the dances in the long-established "Tibetan Opera" are also worth mentioning.

Tibetan opera has a high-pitched tune and strong dance, and its festival plays such as Girl Langsa, Dunyue Dunzhu, Sujinima and Zhuowasan are deeply loved by the people.

On the mural of the "Temple Completion Celebration Map" in the Jokhang Temple Hall built in the Tang Dynasty, a performer wearing a white mask and holding a musical instrument is dancing, absorbed in two "yaks" dressed in animal skins, and an accompanist is playing drums for fun. Their expressions are very vivid.

The image of "Playing with Animals Dancing with Animals" in this picture of the Temple Completion Celebration not only shows that there was a performance of "Playing with Animals" thousands of years ago, but also "White-faced Tibetan Opera" and its only traditional play "Xirong Neutron" (Tibetan meaning: fighting yaks in Xirong County) have become very mature programs in the Tang Dynasty.

The picture shows the yak dance performed in the square in the 1930s.