What are the artistic features of the novels of Beijing School and Shanghai School?

There are three main artistic features of Beijing-style novels: Beijing-style writers not only inherit the rural themes of local novels, but also make good use of the lyrical brushwork of novels around the Creation Society. However, in their own development and evolution, they gradually diluted the reality of rural novels and extended to the dreamy countryside, diluted the romance of novels around them and focused on the description of compassionate life, diluted the subjective expression of creative society novels and focused on the poetic expression of situational atmosphere. The seamless integration of these three forms the unique style connotation of Beijing School novels. 1. The dreamy description of the countryside is a major feature of Beijing-style novels. Beijing writers construct their rural dreams from the viewpoint that art is a dream and emotion is true, that is, in the binary opposition between the so-called "ideal world" and the "real world" based on Zhu Guangqian, they take a quiet attitude towards the rural customs under the patriarchal clan system and strive to explore the simple beauty of human feelings, morality, exotic customs and quiet natural beauty. Shen Congwen's Xiangxi World, the Fei Ming Shan Ye in eastern Hubei, the Henan Orchard City in Lu Ran, the old countryside in Hebei, the towns in northern Jiangsu in Wang Zengqi, and the jinghua slum in Xiao Gan form a huge figure of "native China". In the novels of Beijing School, the conflict between local civilization and urban civilization is a main content. In the eyes of Beijing writers, the hypocrisy of urban morality and the alienation of human nature in modern civilization restrict the development of natural life, so they paint a self-sufficient rural landscape with a dreamy mind in their attempt to return to nature. Fei Ming's bamboo stories, jingling bells and other works depict the harmonious scene of natural coexistence between men and women in rural areas and outline a picture of a "paradise". Shen Congwen's Seven Savages, the Last One to Welcome the Spring Festival, by describing the primitive life and the contractual division of labor and the political life of a "civilized society", shows the author's praise for the noble characters of "country people" such as nature, enthusiasm, courage and honesty. Associated with the harmonious and pure human feelings of the local people, Beijing writers are keen not to show the vitality of the people at the bottom of society. For example, the sailors under Shen Congwen's pen are arbitrary and happy, the girls under Lin's pen are bold to survive, and Deng Shandong, a vendor under Xiao Gan's pen, is simple and honest. Or show concern for beautiful and pure women in characterization, such as Shen Congwen's (Border Town) and Sansan (Sansan), Fei Ming's Amao (Taoyuan), He (Bridge), Lin's Zhonglu (Zhonglu) and Embroidery (Embroidery); Or pursue the innocence of childhood in wandering memories, such as Exile under the Hedge by Xiao Gan, Brothers and Little Brothers by Ling Shuhua, and The Carpenter by Wang Zengqi. In a word, both the description of exuberant vitality and the expression of women's tenderness and purity and immaturity have a prominent influence on the writer's dreamy feelings. In the words of Shen Congwen in Selected Works of Old Works, it is the yearning for "a beautiful, healthy and natural life form that does not contradict human nature". 2. Sympathy for life Most novels of Beijing School show sympathy for human beings. In the observation of history and culture, Beijing writers not only sincerely praised the simplicity and simplicity of uncivilized primitive civilization, but also saw the barbarism and misfortune of ethics and patriarchal clan system. At the same time, the strong academic background of Beijing School makes the writer have the tragic consciousness of society and human beings in theory. Shen Congwen and Fei Ming both pointed out the tragic aesthetic characteristics in their works very seriously. In their view, there is an inevitable connection between human divine existence and tragic existence, which determines that the tragedy of Beijing-style novels is often a tragedy of human nature. On the other hand, the pure faith in human nature of Beijing writers makes their tragedies "bright" and "smiling with pity". In this way, their way of expression is not to lose the lightness of the humble personnel in the story, but always to maintain the calmness of a writer, and there is often a sympathetic smile shadow in the faint irony. Ling Shuhua's works describing women, such as Xiao Liu, Mr. Li and Spring, all have a tragic aesthetic effect of light pity and sadness due to the irony of human nature. Beijing writers are also good at writing the tragic fate of incomplete beauty. For example, in Fei Ming's "The Story of Bamboo Forest", her father died quietly in the distant natural tranquility, and the three girls can only grow into well-behaved and beautiful girls under the touch of natural light. The boys and girls in Shen Congwen's Little Scene under the Moon died beautifully in the moonlight, and their love was sublimated to a lofty realm. These works show the efforts of Beijing writers to "have a deeper understanding of life or life" in their helpless sighs and sympathy for the destruction of love and beauty. There is also a tendency of social criticism to show the tragic life of beauty and ugliness, the strong opposition between good and evil, and the clear distinction between love and hate, such as Shen Congwen's Garden and Husband. This feature is more obvious in Xiao Gan's works. He advocates the struggle between losers and fate. Therefore, there are some heroic factors in his tragedy, which can be seen in the fate of Deng Shandong, Xiao Jiang and Yinziche. 3. The poetic description style of Beijing writers is lyrical. The style of their novels is related to their narrative attitude, value choice and cultural feelings. The outstanding features of Beijing-style novels are poetic pursuit in narrative and romantic atmosphere in realism. Shen Congwen likes to write novels in the form of "lyric poetry", such as Border Town, which has realistic sadness, peach blossom garden-like romance, quiet water and beautiful and meaningful poetry. Fei Ming is good at writing novels by "writing quatrains" and often uses poetic symbolism in novels. The story of bamboo forest describes youth with bamboo, the mother who washes clothes and the willow by the river use willow to compare the simplicity of the country, and the peach tree is used as the ideal realm in Taoyuan and Bridge. Corresponding to the pursuit of poetry, Beijing writers often have the consciousness of creating artistic conception. Their novels rely on scenes or images to form a blank and ethereal three-dimensional artistic space, which gives readers great imagination. Fei Ming's Jingdang can be regarded as a representative in this respect. The work depicts the natural scenery and the beauty of human nature in Taojia Village from many angles, and sets an "appropriate" and "harmonious" life background for the protagonist "Bell Man". The simple and quiet nature is divorced from the survival concept of Bell Man, thus making the artistic conception of Bell the core of the whole novel. The author also introduces meditation and epiphany in Zen into the novel, which further promotes the development of the novel. With the poetic artistic conception, the works of Beijing School tend to be scattered in structure. The novels of Beijing School often adopt the structure of scattered form and concentrated spirit, which is a typical prose structure. People say that Beijing writers are portrait stylists, mainly in this respect. It is hard to say whether Fei Ming's four major poems are novels or essays. Lin's novels are lively and free, and he shows his skill in seemingly bland and rambling. Wang Zengqi's later works have no waves and almost no climax, which reflects his earliest pursuit of "novels that are not like novels". In a word, in the history of modern literature in China, Beijing School is a mature school with artistic characteristics. It alienated from politics and pursued pure literary interest. While making great achievements in literature, it also shows some lagging characteristics in tracking the pulse of social times. However, it is undeniable that it provides many ways for modern novels to mature in the aspects of pursuing humanistic ideals, inheriting literary traditions, integrating new artistic machines and opening up new styles of novels. /eastday/zfh/zfhgl/kxyj/lwjx/user object 1ai 15007 . html