How to carry out winter physical education class teaching

China's vast territory, the climate of the north and south varies greatly. But in general, the winter around the summer and fall weather becomes cold, dry, windy and snowy in the north, the south is wet and cold, occasionally snowy weather. In winter, students are usually dressed in bulky clothes, and when they come from indoor to outdoor classes, due to the large temperature difference, it is easy for students to become reluctant to move around for fear of the cold. However, if students can insist on appropriate physical exercise, it is very helpful to enhance their ability to resist the cold and prevent diseases, as well as to sharpen their willpower. So, which sports can mobilize students' enthusiasm for winter outdoor physical education classes? December 3, 2009, 19:30-20:00, China's school sports blogosphere "grassroots controversy" 12th organization team, as scheduled, gathered hundreds of first-line physical education teachers across the country, this extensive in-depth discussion.

A sports program suitable for winter outdoor physical education

Because of the winter low temperature and slippery weather conditions on the human body movement to form a certain degree of security threats and psychological negative impact. So make a good winter outdoor physical education class teaching plan in advance. Do early planning, early arrangement. We in the choice of sports projects can be based on the weather conditions to make the best use of the situation, choose and dig some suitable for the school in winter with local national characteristics of the students enjoy the interesting sports or games, so that winter physical education teaching can continue to guide the students safely in physical education class learning and exercise. The projects are:

A variety of active games: plastering, basket weaving, eagle catching chickens, breakthroughs, jumping ribbons, all kinds of rope skipping, hopscotch, paddle jumping, bamboo dance, rolling iron ring, shuttlecock, hula hoops, Frisbee, throwing sandbags, stilt walkers, bubble blowing, cycling, tug-of-war, vitality skateboarding, rollerblading, even the foot board, weight lifting, catching tails, etc.;

Ball sports projects or games: (small ) soccer, snow soccer, basketball, soft volleyball, badminton, table tennis, badminton, three-door ball, gymnastics, combat gymnastics, gymnastics, rugby, handball, ta-ta ball, group dance with musical accompaniment, wushu, etc.;

Ethnic specialties: squatting and fighting, wrestling, bullfighting, treading, top shoulder, pulling the waist, cockfighting, squeezing the oil, running the "electric tree", wrestling, dialing the cross, and so on. "

Sports or games related to snow and ice: snowball fights, snowmen, snowballs, snow plowing, one-legged plows, skateboards, ice plows, sled pulling, ice slides, speed skating, ice bowling, ice skating, ice curling, ice hockey, ice brochette, gyroscope and so on;

Various forms of physical fitness practice or Games: running, such as long-distance running, cross-country running, relay running, (campus) orienteering, distance running, round-trip running, chase running race, fast running in place, jumping, such as jumping, jumping, scissor jumping, frog jumping, jumping with straight knees, etc.; Strength, such as a variety of push-ups, weight lifting, pushing the trolley, squatting, crunches, two-head-up, back-up, sit-up, etc.

Strictly speaking, the physical fitness exercises are not only for the students, but also for those who are not in the physical fitness training program, and they are also for the students of the school.

Strictly speaking, most of the sports are not seasonal, as long as the teacher can reasonably adjust the teaching content, teaching strategies and methods according to the weather conditions, can be winter physical education class on the wonderful.

Second, the implementation of winter physical education

Winter physical education is actually in the solution to the cold weather and how to resist the cold safe learning and exercise between the contradiction, that is, how to stimulate the students' "internal heat" safe learning and exercise. Our usual practice is to let the students move first, and then try to integrate the teaching content into the game, fun, competition teaching activities, so that they gradually adapt to the cold, so that the body and mind are "hot" to actively practice, so as to achieve the purpose of safe learning and exercise.

(a) Warm-up activities

In winter, the human body's physiological inertia relative to other seasons is greater, therefore, warm-up activities to prepare for the amount of movement and time to be more. For example, teachers organize students to warm up running activities such as speed to appropriate slower, running distance and time to appropriate longer. Choose a variety of forms of jogging activities that can increase the fun of running, but also one of the most effective warm-up preparatory activities. Preparatory activities are best done in the marching, can avoid students standing in place to be cold and frozen, insufficient movement affects the effectiveness of warm-up preparatory activities. After jogging and then organize some marching between the joints and muscles activities, can continue to overcome the physiological inertia of the students' body, to do a good job in the physical aspects of the preparation. At the same time, marching warm-up preparatory activities, but also make students take the initiative to familiarize themselves with and adapt to (may be cold and slippery) site, make the necessary psychological preparation. Of course, it is also important to make the necessary mental mobilization of students.

The form and content of the preparatory activities should not be simple and repetitive, no change, to be always new, to strengthen the fun and effectiveness.

The degree of preparatory activities to the body heat slightly sweat appropriate. This is not only conducive to students actively involved in the learning afterward, but also can effectively reduce or avoid due to inadequate preparatory activities caused by sports injuries safety accidents.

(ii) Clothing

Teachers can instruct students on how to dress and cultivate good winter sports hygiene habits. Winter physical education classes should be dressed in moderation, too much too little are not conducive to sports, according to the need to increase or decrease clothing in a timely manner.

1. Clothing increase or decrease to moderation. Winter students dress generally thicker, teachers should pay attention to remind students to do preparatory work, can not be too early to take off the coat, to the body gradually hot and then reduce the clothes to practice, this is also conducive to the body faster to heat up.

If you sweat during the exercise, don't rush to take off your coat or take off too much, for example, students wear a jacket between down jacket and sweater beforehand. If you feel the body is too hot, appropriate to reduce the amount of activity can be cooled down, or the down jacket to unzip some to speed up the heat dissipation. Even if you need to take off your down jacket to cool down, it is convenient to have a jacket inside to keep you warm. Remind students that when their body temperature returns to normal, it is important to put on the removed clothing to keep warm. This can prevent too much sweating, but not too much undressing by the wind and cold to get sick.

Lower elementary school students often play sweaty and do not know to take off their clothes, so teachers should pay close attention to the students' activities, timely guidance to increase or decrease their clothing, as far as possible to reduce their chances of getting cold and sick.

Winter temperatures are low and the body radiates heat quickly, so if students sweat profusely during exercise, they should put on their coats in a timely manner to keep warm, or enter a warm room as soon as possible to rest and avoid getting cold and sick. For this situation, some teachers have a more appropriate approach: 5-8 minutes before class, the collection of students immediately brought back to the classroom, so that students in the warmth of the natural indoor sweat, and timely increase or decrease in clothing, to prevent illness. Teachers can also use this time for students to adjust to organize appropriate relaxation and conduct a summary. It also does not affect the students in the next class.

2. In terms of dressing, teachers should set an example, to teach by example, to make an example to the students. The teacher himself must first do what the students are asked to do. The students are often seen wearing scarves in class. Scarf is very easy to interfere with the movement, and easy to strangle the neck after being pulled, easy to entangle the limbs when spread out, and easy to be stepped on by the feet or fluttering up to block the line of sight ...... are all very easy to happen danger. So students are not suitable to wear scarves in physical education class. Teachers should check, remind and correct students' dress code in time so that they can comply with the dress code for physical education class as much as possible to prevent problems before they occur. In the case that can be tolerated, students are best not to gloves masks ear muffs and other such cold protective gear with physical education classes, "winter practice three nine summer practice three volts," exercise the ability to tolerate the cold or heat itself is a very good education content of physical education classes. If the weather conditions are really not suitable for outdoor physical education, teachers must not be forced to prevent the occurrence of unnecessary frostbite.

In addition, some students wear winter clothing that is unsuitable for physical activity, such as some snow boots or cotton sneakers with hard soles at low temperatures, which can sometimes become slippery when walking on icy roads, making it easy to slip and fall while wearing them for physical activity. Wide, long or heavy cotton clothing, tightly wrapped around the body at the same time, but also to limit the range of motion of the lower limbs, very much to prevent movement.

Students who sweat a lot during exercise must not stand against the wind. At present, many schools are unable to meet the need to change underwear after sweating, coupled with the fact that students are still very excited after class or exercise fatigue, will affect the students in the next class. Therefore, teachers should always pay attention to observe the students' activities, and try to control the rhythm of the class and the amount of students' exercise.

(C) breathing method

If the cold air directly stimulate the throat, trachea or bronchial mucosa, easy to cause coughing and other uncomfortable symptoms and induce respiratory diseases. So in the cold winter sports, the need to use the correct breathing method, you can use the nose inhalation, mouth exhale method, do not use the most direct inhalation. When you need to breathe a lot, you can use the tip of the tongue to hold the palate, the mouth and nose at the same time inhale and exhale. Running breathing rhythm can be used two (three) steps a inhalation two (three) steps an exhalation way. Outdoor activities are prohibited when the weather is too cold or when air pollution is severe, such as fog.

(D) the trainee's warmth

Cold winter can not be placed on the trainee to ignore. People standing in the cold environment for a long time, it is easy to freeze. Teachers can arrange for them to do service work or activities that they can do, or send them back to the classroom to rest.

(E) the arrangement of the content of teaching activities

Because of the special climatic characteristics of winter, outdoor physical education classes are not suitable for the teaching of pure action technology learning and practicing, suitable for the cooperative nature of the aerobic, semi-aerobic aspects of teaching. Can not just to meet the interest of students to play and ignore the necessary technical and tactical teaching. Should be more static less, small and medium intensity, exercise a little larger activities. For example, according to the weather conditions, flexible choice of sports, when it is snowing can play snow or learn to practice snow soccer; the weather is a little ambiguous, you can learn to practice basketball, volleyball, or physical fitness exercises; the best conditions to learn to practice snow and ice sports projects, timely detection of potential talent for systematic training and training. In order to increase the interest of students to participate in practice, the organization of competition or collective games can effectively mobilize students to participate in exercise content enthusiasm. Such as jump rope exercise month, long-distance running exercise month or shuttlecock exercise month. According to the age characteristics of elementary school students, arrange some of them to move up the fun games, such as the eagle catching chickens or cats and mice and other students never get tired of doing the chase game game, the physical quality of the students exercise effect is better. In terms of content design can also involve the knowledge of student thinking training and development, such as expanding the class of activities such as the project.

Teachers should pay attention to avoid strong physical confrontation of the activity content. For sports that are not easy to regulate, it is necessary to consciously guide students to correctly treat the winners and losers of the game, focus on the participation of activities, strengthen the sense of learning through cooperation and inquiry, and strive to improve the effect of physical activity exercise.

For regions where snow does not often fall, it is a favorite of students to have a snowball fight on a snowy day. But every year will be due to the teacher's good intentions, allowing students to play snowball fight in physical education class and the occurrence of students were injured by snowballs, accidentally slipped and fell or frostbite and other injuries, or accidentally smashed public and private property, etc., the teacher was a group of students in good faith, "beat" after the smashing is also common, resulting in a very bad effect of the herd, the school and the teachers are often in a dilemma. Schools and teachers are often in a dilemma. Many schools take a broad-brush approach to management for safety reasons: only snowmen are allowed to pile up in physical education classes on snowy days, and no snowball fights are allowed. Even outside of school hours, snowball fights are prohibited. For safety reasons and to avoid unnecessary legal disputes, some schools simply stop all sports-related activities in snowy weather, allowing students to study or take indoor theory classes in the teachers' room. How to physical education classes in snowy weather, but also need to carry out the necessary exploratory practice, to find safe activities and students exercise **** win the way.

(F) Arrangement of exercise load

Because of the impact of the cold winter climate, physical education classes should consider the students' exercise load, which should be changed according to the time, place and person. Generally speaking, people move more clumsily in winter, it is not suitable for confrontation intense or exercise intensity, the body sensitivity requirements of high anaerobic activities, easy to occur sports injury accidents. Exercise intensity to small and medium intensity, exercise volume to moderate or slightly larger aerobic exercise is more appropriate. Teachers should strive to achieve the goal of enabling students to achieve appropriate exercise without sweating too much. Not because the amount of exercise is too small so that students do not get due exercise and feel the cold; not because of the large amount of exercise resulting in a lot of sweat but can not change underwear in a timely manner and affect the health of students; not because of fatigue and affect the students in the next lesson. In the winter teaching, teachers should always control the student's exercise load, to avoid excessive or insufficient exercise, or exercise intensity is too large or too small.

(7) Pay attention to the safety education of students to prevent freezing and slipping

Supervise students to wear warm clothes before going to physical education class. After exercise, dress in a timely manner to pay attention to warmth, do not stay at the cold wind for a long time or sit on the frozen ground to rest, so as not to get cold or frostbite. Exposed hands, face, nose, ears and other parts of the body that are far from the heart should be rubbed and wiped frequently to promote local blood circulation and prevent frostbite. Depending on the weather conditions, students may be appropriately allowed to wear cold protective gear that does not impede their activities during class, such as hats, ear protectors, and gloves. Teachers try to choose activities on the site with the wind at their back and direct sunlight.

Fewer stops and more movement, preventing cold. Physical education classes in winter, the amount of movement is generally slightly larger than in other seasons. After the preparatory activities should be promptly transferred to the main content of the study; the teacher's explanation of the demonstration should be concise, to strive to implement the essence of the lecture more practice. Explanation can be arranged at the right time without interrupting the practice of students, to avoid too focused or repetitive explanation; marching activities or games than in situ learning and practicing positioning exercises and other activities or games; to leave enough time for students to practice more activities; pay attention to the humanistic care of students, do not let the students have a long time to stop practicing in the cold and waiting, to avoid the occurrence of the situation of the students standing by the cold and frozen. In addition, avoid letting students contact metal equipment, to prevent cold or frostbite.

Remind students to walk carefully and slowly to avoid slipping and falling. Pay attention to your own safety and that of your classmates. Sometimes it may be due to rain, snow or snowmelt, resulting in a slippery field, or the surface is frozen hard, part of the frozen ice or snow, making the field hard and smooth, the teacher should try to avoid such unfavorable sites in the class, and choose to play in the softer friction of the field. Lesson to reduce those across, around, sharp stop, sharp turn or running activities, to avoid students accidentally slipped and injured. Sprinkle some crushed sand on the ice beforehand, which can play a non-slip role. After the movement to organize students to relax. Discover that students have midway physical discomfort should be disposed of in a timely manner.

If you must organize students in the snow day activities, before the class on the students' safety, rules awareness of education and behavioral habits of the training is the most important. Using the students' eagerness to play in the snow, consult with the students in advance to develop a "safety pact" and punishment measures; teachers should do a good job of safety planning, always pay attention to every move of the students, beware of the students' over-excited, random or reckless behavior, and if necessary, timely warning or stop the students from misbehavior. Before the end of the class, we must summarize the situation in a timely manner, analyze the situation in depth for the individual class, and make suggestions or recommendations for improvement. In the formulation of rules, the first lesson is more delayed, but after many lessons can be simple and clear requirements, and gradually make students develop good behavior.

(H) Indoor Lessons

When encountering more severe weather, it is necessary to organize physical education lessons indoors. Teachers can teach students winter sports health care knowledge. Such as keeping warm to prevent frostbite, sports hydration, sports anti-skid and so on. Winter physical exercise can effectively improve the human body's ability to withstand the cold and the body's ability to resist, to prevent influenza, highlighting the harmony between man and nature *** place in accordance with the natural health ecology. Guide students actively out of the classroom, on the playground for beneficial physical exercise. Indoors can also organize students to do games or a certain national students physical health standards test.

In short, as long as the actual starting point from the students, give full consideration to the characteristics of the winter climate, according to the person, according to the place, according to the time to reasonably arrange and organize the teaching, and strive to stimulate the enthusiasm of the students to exercise, and good at summing up the lessons learned, boldly exploring, and courageous and innovative, all around the winter outdoor physical education classes on the wonderful, on the effect, on the characteristics.