In 2008, the national unified Chinese examination for college enrollment (Shandong volume)

13. Translate underlined sentences in classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese (10 score).

(1) My brother said, "Whether my brother can chop wood or not, he can, and it's embarrassing." So I will be back soon.

A:

(2) "my brother is not a Jewish lady's brother; If I die, how can I live! " Then he cut himself with an axe.

A:

A: (1) My brother said, "Not to mention that my brother can't cut wood. Even if he can, he can't do it. " So let Mr. Zhang go home quickly. (Focus: "No matter" (two monosyllabic words), "Qiao" (noun verb) and "ghost" (causative verb))

(2) "My brother is different from everyone's brother. Besides, (he) died for me, how can I live! " (Zhang Ne) So he cut his neck with an axe. (emphasis: "madam" and "why")

14. Read the following Song lyrics and answer this question. (Shandong Volume in 2008)

Huatangchun

Qin Guan

Falling red paved the horizontal pool, and it was clear and drizzling. The apricot orchard is withered, the cuckoo is crying, but it is helpless to return to spring.

Draw a building outside the willow, lean against the railing and twist 1 flower branches, and the flowers are silent to the oblique glow. Who knows this?

Note: 1 knob (ni ǐ n): press and hold the knob.

(1) How does the description of the scenery of Shangque express helplessness? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)

A:

(2) What expressions are mainly used in the sentences such as "Twisting branches by hand on the railing" and "Flowers are silent for the oblique light"? What kind of emotional changes do the characters in the text show? (4 points)

A:

A: (1) Shangque expressed the helplessness of hurting spring (cherishing spring) by describing the scenes of last spring, such as the falling of paved paths, light rain, withered apricot orchards and crying cuckoo birds.

The main expressions of these two words are: description of details. You can also write action descriptions. Two details (movements) are used to express the emotional changes of the characters in the words from loving spring, hurting spring (cherishing spring) to helpless spring return. If we analyze it sentence by sentence, as long as we can answer the emotional changes from loving spring, hurting spring (cherishing spring) to helplessness

15, fill in the following famous sentences. (Choose 3 small questions) (Shandong Volume, 2008)

(1) is sensitive and studious, which is also a word. ("The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang")

The sober people and sages of the past have been forgotten. (Li Bai's "Into the Wine")

(2) Who first saw the moon by the river? , ? (Zhang "Moonlit Night on the Spring River")

, with a faint fragrance and sleeves. (Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers")

(3) People who know me worry me; , 。 (The Book of Songs)

Qi people didn't blame Qin, and finally the five countries moved out. What a pity! . (Su Xun's "Six Kingdoms")

(4) Gentlemen are born different. ("Xunzi, Encourage Learning")

Every string is meditation, and every note is meditation. (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)

Answer: (1) Don't be shy to ask questions, only great drinkers can be immortalized. (2) At the beginning of the month, Jiang Yue took wine in Dongli after dusk.

(3) People who don't know me ask me why I won't help the five countries. (4) Being good at things seems to be telling us the secret pain of her life.

V. (12)

16, the following four articles were selected from a column of a middle school magazine. Please draw up a suitable topic for this column. Requirements: Make a summary with reference to the structure of any of the following topics, with no more than 15 words. (Shandong Volume in 2008)

Honesty brings you good luck. Kindness is the source of your happiness.

3 "Thrift makes you safe" 4 "Tolerance makes you great"

A:

Answer: For example, virtue benefits you for life.

17. Read the following materials and write appropriate sentences on the horizontal lines according to the context. Requirements: semantic coherence, appropriate expression, no more than 30 words. (Shandong Volume in 2008)

A poet gave an academic report on poetry creation to students in a school. When he was preparing to recite a poem, he found it on the students' desks, so he came down from the podium to get it. When he was on the steps of the ladder teacher, he accidentally fell down, and the students suddenly froze and focused on him.

The poet stood up, steadied himself, pointed to the steps and said to the students, this witty and philosophical discourse not only relieved the poet's embarrassment, but also won warm applause.

A:

Answer: For example, you see, it is not easy to climb to a higher level. Life is like this, so is poetry (study, work, etc. ).

18, the picture on the right shows the wonderful moment of Liu Xuan in the floor exercise competition. Please choose two rhetorical methods from metaphor, analogy, parallelism and antithesis to describe the picture vividly, with no more than 50 words. (Shandong Volume in 2008)

Six, (18 points)

This question is optional. Candidates must choose one of the two questions given in (1) and (2), but not all of them.

(1) Read the following text and complete 19-22. (Shandong Volume in 2008)

Goethe's spoon

Wowkie Zhang

1987, I went to Germany from north to south. One day, I was walking in the street of Frankfurt with my friends, and I suddenly thought of Goethe. Here is his most important former residence. A few friends and I hurried to look for it.

This is a strange number. There are probably not many literary "stars" like him in the literary nebula. In China, only Qu Yuan and Li Bai can compete with him. When I first read Young Werther, I counted the age of the writers at that time and felt all the enthusiasm of a teenager. At that time, I felt that such full emotions would only come from a kind of realism, without any magical skills. Now, more than half of this understanding is correct. How many skills does a great work of art need? I don't know. We only know that it will be written by a great artist, as long as it comes from such a heart. The essence of the mind is more important than anything else.

Today I finally approached you in another way. Today, I came to the real space of the artist's life that was mysterious since I was a child. How incredible and happy. We can touch the poet's haunt with our hands and be careful. We try to connect great souls through the mystery left by the late poet.

Goethe's former residence is a three-story building, of course, spacious and magnificent, and almost as imagined. Study, bedroom, living room, and finally kitchen. I don't know why, I paid special attention to this spacious kitchen and stood in front of that spacious iron pot for a long time. I remember a huge exhaust iron cover hanging on the pot. All cookers are black and thick, frying pans and shovels; Especially the flat-bottomed copper spoon hanging high on the wall, which scared me.

I have never seen such a big spoon.

I wonder if such a cooker can make exquisite dishes. But I can imagine that it must be a wedding at that time, which often makes the poet have a great joy and intoxication. It is conceivable that the poet is bold and unrestrained when he is drunk and hot. The big kitchen can be operated by more than a dozen chefs at the same time. They cooked or fried, or fried or fried, and the big iron spoon banged.

How delicate the poet's heart is. I can't imagine him needing such a kitchen. Why? I can't figure it out. This kind of kitchen can be used as the operation room of a hotel. It is too big and strange.

The main reason is that the spoon is too big.

From the kitchen, to the second floor, and then to the third floor-mainly some pictures about poets, hung all over the wall. I didn't see it in my heart. Still thinking about that big spoon. It's copper, flat-bottomed, and the spoon handle is extremely long. I just don't understand what it is used for ... a person's life is nothing more than "taking a spoonful of drinks". For a genius like Goethe, the spoon must be big. Such a thought seems to understand.

All the stories about poets, some stories I know, have flashed through my mind at the moment. Recalling his two volumes of memoirs Poetry and Truth and his conversation with the young man (Eichmann's Goethe Talk), I feel all the richness of a long-lived old man. He held an important position in Weimar court and was once fascinated by optical research. Everything is good in short plays and long plays. Faust has been written for decades ... Yes, he is just a passer-by like everyone else, just "drinking a spoonful of drinks". However, his "spoon" is really ten times and twenty times bigger than the average person.

There is a passage about Goethe that we are familiar with. Engels once said: "In his mind, there is often a struggle between a talented poet and the cautious son of Councillor Frank and the parliamentary adviser of the honorable Weimar;" The former hates the vulgarity of the surrounding environment, while the latter has to compromise and tolerate this vulgarity. So Goethe is sometimes great and sometimes extremely small; Sometimes genius is rebellious, loves to laugh and looks down on the world. Sometimes he is a cautious, contented and narrow-minded mediocrity. "

In Goethe's former residence in Frankfurt, can we understand Engels' words in detail? In his former residence, he wandered among the poet's relics. Suddenly, the peculiar smell of the last century came strongly ... (the article has been deleted)

19, what do you mean by the sentence "I finally approached you in another way today"? What role does it play in the structure of the article? (4 points)

A:

Answer: (1) Connect (feel) the soul of Goethe by looking for the real space and cultural relics where the poet lived. Answer "by touching what the poet touches with his hand" or "connecting the soul of Goethe, a great man"

(2) It plays a connecting (or transitional) role in the structure. Answer "The above is about reading Goethe's works when I was young. Through this sentence, go to the following description about Goethe's former residence".

20. Why does the author use more pen and ink to describe the spoon in Goethe's kitchen? (4 points)

A:

Answer: (1) Spoons are unusual. I have never seen such a big spoon.

(2) The association generated by the size of the spoon shows Goethe's unusual performance. Answer: Goethe is extraordinary. A person's life is nothing more than drinking a spoonful of drinks, and for a genius like Goethe, the spoon must be big.

2 1, the penultimate paragraph of the article quotes a passage from Engels. Why does the author quote this passage? What does this passage express Engels' view? (4 points)

A:

Answer: (1) Evaluate Goethe with the words of great men. Answered that because Engels was a great man, his words were authoritative and persuasive, widely known and familiar to us.

(2) Goethe has two sides in personality. You can also answer both sides as the diversity, complexity and duality of contradictions.

22. What are the outstanding features of this article in writing? Please combine the text and talk about its enlightenment to your writing. (points)

A:

A: It's mainly about seeing the big from the small.

There are two main inspirations. (1) Be good at observation, pay attention to specific things in daily life, and find the best starting point. Such as the cooking spoon found in Goethe's former residence in this article. (2) Be good at thinking and learn to discover and explore profound meanings from concrete things, just as the author saw Goethe's extraordinary from the spoon of cooking.

(2) Read the following text and complete the question 19-22. (Shandong Volume in 2008)

I know Liang Shuming.

Mou Zongsan

I knew Mr. Liang when he founded Mianren College in Chongqing (1948). "Li Ren" is Mr. Liang's fasting name, which means "Li Ren" in Confucianism. Previously, he also ran a middle school with Mianren. I went there after the school was founded, and stayed there for more than a year, so I also have some understanding of Teacher Liang's knowledge and character.

He is a great man. It is not easy to find such people in this era in terms of temperament, wisdom and personal character. No matter what he said is right or wrong, he has profound opinions. He is different from celebrities and celebrities in general society. He is deeply concerned about China, and his lifelong ambition is to find a suitable road for the future development of China. For example, the "rural construction movement" is the concrete embodiment of Mr. Liang's thought from action, not just learning.

The practice of "rural construction" can be represented by "eastern and western cultures and their philosophies" in terms of its ideological origin. At the invitation of Wang, this book was written according to the lecture entitled "Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophy" given by Mr. Liang in Shandong. He was still young at that time, less than 30 years old. This is a great book at that time, very speculative and self-contained. It is not a rambling work, but a self-satisfied work that runs through the main vein, like a screw drill. It can be said to be first-class.

Mr. Liang has never been abroad, nor is he a bachelor of Hanlin, but he can still talk about Chinese and western cultural issues; Hegel has never been to China, and he doesn't know Chinese characters. But up to now, no one has said more about Chinese and western cultural issues than Hegel. Who can understand that degree like Hegel? This is the skill of philosophers. Mr. Liang's talk about Chinese and western cultures stems entirely from his understanding of the times and national feelings, which is inherited from his family's tradition of caring about state affairs. Mr. Liang's father, Liang Ji (also known as Juchuan), committed suicide in seven years of the Republic of China to protest the demise of the Qing Dynasty, which is a symbol of the inherent culture. This is an issue of the times, and it is also a cultural issue that Mr. Liang pays special attention to.

After all, where should China culture go? After 300 years of Manchu rule, China culture has been difficult to get on the right track since the Revolution of 1911, and the western culture, which originated from modern civilization in 17, 8 and 9 centuries, is just around the corner. How should we make a choice?

Mr. Liang once said: We should read his Essentials of China Culture and preserve the China tradition. It is right to preserve culture. Which nation can deny its own culture? But understanding China culture is not easy. Reading Essentials of China Culture is probably better than reading the eastern and western cultures and their philosophies.

The Essentials of China Culture is a concise version of his rural construction theory, which is too philosophical. Every project needs to be explained, otherwise it is not easy to understand. Although "On Rural Construction" is his most attentive work, it tries to sum up the characteristics of China culture from a profound analysis of rural customs and habits, but it is not coherent enough, and there is something wrong with the methodology of "discussing causes by results". This is the place where Mr. Liang suffered all his life, and it is also the reason why he can't really understand China culture.

In his later years, Mr. Liang's ideas were outdated and many problems were not touched, especially in culture.

But during the Cultural Revolution, he showed the indomitable character and integrity of China intellectuals, which is his most admirable place. When he was criticized, his furniture and all his books were destroyed and burned. Instead of resisting, he urged the saboteur to let him keep a dictionary, because it was borrowed from a friend, and burning it would be sorry for his friend. Although the dictionary was not spared and burned in the end, we can also see the integrity he saw from traditional intellectuals from this incident.

Mr. Liang is a figure in China's modern Renaissance. He not only preached traditional Confucianism, but also inherited the China culture that had been interrupted for 300 years. This is the most meaningful place in his life, and it is also the significance of the symbol "Cultural China" put forward by Mr. Liang Shuming. (The article has been deleted)

19, the second paragraph of the article says that "he is a great man" and "he is different from ordinary celebrities and celebrities in society". What is the specific reason for this comment on Liang Shuming? (4 points)

A:

Answer: insightful; Not only study, but also put ideas into concrete actions; My lifelong ambition is to find a suitable road for the future development of China.

In the fourth paragraph, Liang Shuming's father committed suicide. What is the function of this paragraph in the article? (4 points)

A:

Answer: It shows that Liang Shuming has a family tradition of caring about state affairs. It is the reason why Liang Shuming pays special attention to cultural issues; Let readers know the characters more comprehensively.

2 1. When commenting on the characteristics of China's cultural essentials and other works, the author also pointed out Liang Shuming's shortcomings. What are his shortcomings? (4 points)

A:

A: The essence of China culture is too philosophical; The theory of rural construction "says the reason from the result" in methodology; The concept of old is old; There are still many cultural issues that have not been touched. Answer "philosophy is too strong, methodology is based on causality, ideas are outdated, and many cultural issues have not been touched".

22. As a review article, from what aspects did the author "know" Liang Shuming? What does this article tell you about your work? (6 points)

A:

Answer: My understanding of Liang Shuming mainly comes from two aspects: knowledge and character.

There are four revelations. (1) Stylistically, we should combine comments with biographies. (2) Choose familiar materials. (3) The central content should reflect the identity characteristics of the characters; (4) Characters should be represented by details.

Seven. (60 points)

23. Please write an article of not less than 800 words on the topic "Spring comes and grass grows green". (Shandong Volume in 2008)

Requirements: ① Self-made questions. 2 self-determination. (3) Except for poetry, the style is not limited. (4) distinctive stylistic features.

Full score composition of Shandong college entrance examination in 2008

Straw rope in mother's hand

Just last night, I stretched out my hand and touched the straw rope under my pillow, and my chest was covered with blood. ...

Mom, have you ever known that you sat in front of the door knitting a straw rope, that blue cloth jacket, and those agile and diligent hands twisting the straw rope-that photo has been with me for more than ten years, mom, and it is an indelible memory that has been with me year after year. ...

I still remember the time when you were ill. It happened that I went home on holiday. My father gave me a handful of change and asked me to buy you some dishes you like. I walked in the crowd with my head down, slowly with the sadness of the last exam. In this noisy market, I have no intention of observing all kinds of people around me, just walking sadly ... occasionally looking up at the pile of dishes and looking for your favorite dishes. Actually, I never thought about what you like to eat. I only remember that you like to eat my favorite food ... and I occasionally look up, and the old man is tying the food with straw rope, which is extremely cooked ... Isn't this the straw rope that my mother has been knitting? Mom, your thin body is leaning against the door, and your hands are twisting straw into a rope. ...

Remember that night? It's getting dark, and my father is smoking a stuffy cigarette in the room, which is full of smoke. You are still knitting a straw rope outside the door. When you pull your hand, the straw is woven into a straw rope. I feel very heavy, and I can't ask for tuition after school. ...

Time seems to stay at that moment, horribly quiet, just like my heavy heart. The sentence "Mom, Dad, I can't go" turned around in my mouth and swallowed it back. Only I know how eager I am to learn, but at home … Mom, your hand is still twisting the straw into a part of the rope. Father suddenly put out his cigarette and got up and went to his neighbor's house. My heart is still heavy, and you still twist straw into straw rope with your hands. ...

I came to my senses and bought your favorite food in a hurry, and I didn't forget to ask for a straw rope. ...

Mom, I am a straw rope in your hand, growing up ... The back of you weaving a straw rope at the door and Shuang Yi's jumping hands will never fade in my memory.

Later, on my way to school, I never forgot to put a straw rope under my pillow. When I saw it, I saw your figure. Your never-ending hands and bumpy straw ropes have passed year after year ... You used those hands to tell me what self-improvement is. ...

I grew up in your hands, from grass to a rope like straw ... Your hand spent night after night with me, and time never stopped blowing the straw rope in your hand, not to mention Shuang Yi's bumpy hand ...