17th century European literature

1, the characteristics of classical literature;

2. Three unifications:

3. The connection between classicism and humanism;

4. Philosophical basis of classicism;

5. The Art of Poetry;

6. Achievements of French classical literature;

7. The artistic features of "hypocrite"

1, the characteristics of classical literature

The ideological characteristics of (1) are: advocating kingship, serving politics, supporting national unity, praising wise monarchs, and having a strong political tendency; Advocate rationality, demand restraint of personal lust, obey social responsibility and national interests, and oppose the arrogance, extravagance and corruption of the aristocratic class.

(2) Artistic features:

A, literary thought: advocating imitating ancient Greek and Roman literature, often out of context, misinterpreting the views of the ancients, thus formulating strict artistic norms and standards, such as "three unifications";

B. Creation theme: Taking ancient literature as a model, most tragedies are set in the ancient Greek and Roman times;

C. Literary genre: distinguish drama genre by elegance and vulgarity: tragedy is elegant, language is noble and elegant, comedy is vulgar, and language is vulgar;

D, artistic language: the pursuit of accurate, concise, gorgeous and elegant court interest;

E. Characters: Typed and conceptualized, lacking individuality and artistic charm;

2. Three unifications:

It is the creative principle of classical drama structure, which stipulates that the plot, time and place of a drama must conform to three integrations: the script can only have one plot clue, and the plot can only take place in the same place, and the time cannot exceed one day and night (24 hours). This is the result of clay figurines misinterpreting Aristotle's poetics. Aristotle said in Poetics that "imitation is limited to a complete action" and pointed out that the performance time of a play should be "limited to the week of the sun".

The "Three Unification" was formulated by French court scholars according to the political intention of Louis XIV at that time. The classical theorist boileau concluded in The Art of Poetry: "But we should abide by the rules formulated by reason, hope to develop plots and respect skills everywhere; Finish one thing one day at a time and keep the full play to the end. "

"Three unifications" is the reflection of absolute monarchy in drama art, and its advantages are the high conciseness of stage time and space, the compactness and concentration of drama plot, etc. Its disadvantages are the simplification and typology of characters, the absoluteness and stylization of drama structure, which seriously restricts the writer's creative personality.

3. The connection between classicism and humanism.

Classicism has largely inherited the humanistic literary tradition since the Renaissance, such as: realistic writing methods; Anti-feudalism and anti-church, affirming the theme of worldly happiness, etc. At the same time, it is a reversal of the disadvantages of humanistic literature, such as excessive emphasis on personality liberation, freedom of thought and irregular creation, and it goes to the other extreme because of overcorrection.

4. Philosophical basis of classicism.

Descartes' "rationalism" is the philosophical basis of classicism. Descartes constructed the philosophical system of "rationalism" with the epistemology of geometry, and thought that the mistake of human beings was that their free will broke through the bondage of rationality, and the clear concept was absolutely truth.

5. The art of poetry

Boileau's aesthetic thesis "The Art of Poetry" laid the literary and aesthetic principles of classicism. The concrete manifestations are: literature and art must have the moral beauty of social education function; Works must abide by reason and express truth, and the plot must be reasonable; The story must be true, the characters must be consistent, and the natural beauty of good and evil must be displayed.

6. Achievements of French Classical Literature

Boileau's The Art of Poetry

Gao Naiyi's Sid

Racine's Andrao Mark is a model of classical tragedy.

Pull? Feng Dan dramatized fables and opened up a new field of fables.

Moliere's comedies represent the highest achievement of classical literature.

7. The artistic features of "hypocrite"

It not only follows the principle of "three unifications", but also is good at "dancing with shackles", creating exquisite comedy effects in limited time and space.

(1) "The greatest and best opening in existence" (Goethe). The hero of the comedy, Dadov, appeared in the second scene of the third act. The first two scenes set the stage for Mrs. Beurnel's quarrel.

(2) The comedy genre of mixed sadness and joy.

(3) Rich theatrical techniques: slapping, eavesdropping on partition walls, Tibetan table and other folk farce techniques to create a comedy effect; Use the language of folk comedy to express family conflicts: quarreling, kicking children, forcing marriage, etc. Expose the cruel nature of the big fight through tragic plots such as framing and reporting.

(4) Exquisite comedy language: use exaggerated and satirical language to shape Dudoff's hypocritical character,

(5) artistic limitations: the main characters are single, typed, faceless and lack of realism; Constrained by the "three unifications", the author failed to give full play to his dramatic genius and explore the breadth of social life like Shakespeare.