What are the production management modes?

Question 1: What are the advanced production and operation management modes? What are their characteristics? (1) Characteristics of large-scale production and operation types

1. Advantages of mass production operation type: design, technology, production organization and production management.

2. The benefits that mass production can bring to enterprises.

"Business Administration Professional Knowledge and Practice" and "Economics Examination Business Administration Lecture"

Production operation management is the management of the design, operation and maintenance process of production operation system, including the planning, work organization and control of production operation activities. Operation management has increasingly developed into a strategic and comprehensive management. In the final analysis, the development of an enterprise depends on the market competitiveness of its products, and the results of production, operation and management play a decisive role in the product competitiveness. Because of this, production operation and production operation management, as a new strategic weapon of competitive advantage, have been paid more and more attention.

Establishment and development of production operation management theory and method system of multi-variety and small batch production operation mode. The traditional small variety mass production mode is gradually being replaced by multi-variety small batch production mode. The pattern of integration of production, operation and management has been further strengthened. It is a progress in the history of human development that management is separated from production and business activities and functions as an independent function.

Establish and develop production operation standards under the guidance of market and social marketing concepts. The concept of marketing and the concern of social marketing emphasize that the market is the starting point and the end point of the enterprise's production and operation activities, and the operation management combines the actual situation of the enterprise to meet the needs of users and social interests, which embodies the idea of sustainable development.

Second, the development trend of production and operation management

1, production action strategy

In the past, people thought that production action was only to implement the company's strategy, and there was no production strategy at all. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the production action strategy has not only been recognized, but also been mentioned in an important position. In the global economic situation, production action management is to optimize the allocation of resources on a global scale, to manufacture personalized products and provide personalized services at the lowest possible cost and the fastest response speed. Without the successful implementation of the production action strategy, the overall strategy of the enterprise cannot be realized.

2. Business process reengineering

The essence of business restructuring is to improve the efficiency and quality of customer service in order to gain a competitive advantage. Adam. Smith's theory of division of labor emphasizes improving the efficiency of enterprises and improving the utilization rate of internal resources. Obviously, under the heavy responsibility of the market that has been implemented, it will not bring competitiveness to enterprises.

3. Fine production

Lean Production (LP) is a researcher in the International Automobile Project Team of MIT. Crawford named the Japanese automobile industry the production mode station. The word "lean" is used because compared with mass production, LP only needs half the staff, half the production site, half the investment, half the design time, half the new product development time and much less inventory to produce products with higher quality and more varieties.

Precision production is not only an idea, but also a new mode of production. The English word "lean" means that people or animals are thin and have no fat. The translation of "fine production" embodies the original intention of "lean" and the essence of lean production. Excess inventory in enterprises is like excess fat in the human body. Excessive inventory occupies production areas, factories, equipment, materials, personnel, time and funds. Fine meaning includes quality. High-quality products can provide better functions, more reliable performance and longer service life under the condition of consuming the same amount of physical and chemical labor and living labor. This is essentially a high resource utilization rate. Precision production mode has been widely used in manufacturing industry, especially in automobile industry, and achieved the best results.

4. Supply chain management

In an uncertain environment, any enterprise can only have an advantage in a certain aspect within a certain period of time. In order to win in the competition, we should abandon the "vertical integration" mode from research and development to design and manufacturing to sales, and from raw materials to semi-finished products to delivery, and choose to cooperate with the most advantageous enterprises in design technology, raw material supply, blank manufacturing, parts processing, product assembly, packaging and transportation to form a logistics and information network from suppliers, manufacturers, distributors to end users. This is the supply chain or supply-demand relationship. The management of the composition and behavior of supply chain is called supply chain management. Supply chain enables enterprises in the world to focus on developing their core competitiveness. & gt

Question 2: What are the management modes of production management? In addition to lean production, there are refined mode, standardized mode, visual management mode, kanban management mode and 5S management mode. . . Wait a minute.

Question 3: What is the production management mode? Production management mode is a management process of making production plan, material plan, issuing production instructions, organizing production, quality control and logistics control around customer orders according to production capacity (people, machines, materials, systems and environment are called five elements of production management) to ensure product quality and production delivery. Nowadays, the popular Toyota production management mode is mainly continuous improvement, reducing the waste process of no value-added, just-in-time production, arranging production through order pulling, and extending the concept of production management to the management of logistics supply chain. This is different from the traditional mass production nail type. Now many enterprises are trying to transform the traditional production management mode and carry out the Toyota production management mode.

Question 4: What is the goal of advanced production management mode in one sentence: to produce qualified products efficiently, flexibly, on time and cleanly, and to provide satisfactory services. China scholars put forward the concept of "efficient and rapid reorganization of production system" by comparing, synthesizing and innovating domestic and foreign production management modes. The efforts of this model based on time-based manufacturing strategic objectives should be carried out in many aspects, and the means it relies on should be based on innovation, investment and innovation. The actual efficient and rapid reorganization production system is unlikely to be carried out in all aspects at the same time, but it shows a wide range. Manufacturing enterprises can choose and determine an advanced and feasible action plan in this region according to the specific situation, and gradually promote the development of production systems to the most advanced level in the world.

Advanced production operation management mode The efficient and rapid reorganization of production system attempts to realize large-scale and comprehensive engineering projects through small, modular production facilities and coordinated organizational forms among enterprises with new production capacity.

Question 5: What are the business operation modes? First of all, according to the position of enterprises in the industrial chain, the enterprise operation modes are classified:

1, production OEM (spindle) business model

The characteristic of this kind of business model enterprises is that enterprises, as suppliers of enterprises in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, generally process products according to customers' orders. In the market, they are sold under the signs of other companies. Enterprises are only responsible for the production of one or more products or parts in a certain industry, but most of them involve product sales and product design.

2, design+sales (dumbbell) business model

This business model is just the opposite of the production OEM business model. Enterprises do not participate in any business in the production field, but are only responsible for design and sales. Enterprises design products and services that customers need in the market, and then look for corresponding production OEM. It requires enterprises to have strong design and sales capabilities and well-known brands. This kind of enterprise is closely related to the market, sensitive to market trends and customer needs, and is the fastest enterprise to respond to the market.

3. Business model of production+sales

Production enterprises that adopt this business model are the most common, and enterprises involve the latter two parts of business process: production and sales. For product design, for some reason, the enterprise did not involve it. In this node of enterprises, the competition between enterprises is fierce. The business structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.

4. Business model of design+production+sales

This is a business model involving many nodes in the industrial chain. Enterprises adopting this business model are characterized by their ability to develop new products. According to the market demand, the enterprise develops the products needed by its own market and transforms the previous products at the same time; In manufacturing, enterprises have certain manufacturing capabilities, and the flexibility of manufacturing equipment is relatively good. The developed new products can be produced by existing equipment, or there are enough funds to build new production lines. Establish your own customer base for your products through your own marketing system.

5. Types of information services

A typical information service enterprise is a consulting company. This kind of enterprise or company does not involve all activities of manufacturing industry, but it is closely related to manufacturing industry to a great extent.

Second, the enterprise operation mode is divided according to the business scope of the enterprise:

1, single business model

Single operation, also known as specialized operation, means that an enterprise only designs, produces or sells in one product field, and its business scope is relatively single. The advantage of this business model is that the market scope faced by enterprises is relatively limited, and they can concentrate resources on competition; The risk is that many competitors may realize the effectiveness of the single-minded business strategy and imitate this model.

2. Diversified business model

Diversified business models can be divided into three basic types: centralized diversification, horizontal diversification and mixed diversification.

Question 6: What are the business models of manufacturing enterprises? The traditional production-centered business model is now considered as a rigid enterprise business model. In addition to this business model, there are the following four business models: (1) business model of division of labor and cooperation. In other words, supporting large enterprises is the way for enterprises to develop and go to the market. Successful small and medium-sized enterprises pay great attention to avoiding direct competition with large enterprises, but try their best to cooperate with large enterprises and become indispensable partners for the development of large enterprises. (2) Franchise business model. This is an important form of chain operation. Refers to the trademark owned by the franchise organization. Products, patents and know-how are granted to franchisees in the form of franchise contracts, and franchisees engage in business activities under a unified business model according to the contracts and pay corresponding fees. (3) niche business model. As small and medium-sized enterprises, most of them are market vacancies. As a supplement to the market, they should carefully serve a small part of the market, not compete with the main competitors, and occupy a favorable market position through professional operation. Niche business model means that through market segmentation, enterprises focus on a specific target market, or strictly aim at a certain market segment, or focus on a certain product and service to create product and service advantages. By choosing a special niche market, the enterprise's strategy is more prominent in the decision-making of entrepreneurs to customers and competitors. Compared with large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises are the most competitive in meeting the multi-level needs of consumers. (4) Virtual business model. Since 1990s, the world is undergoing a profound transformation from material economy to knowledge economy. Knowledge and information create a new business model, namely virtual enterprise management, for the development of enterprises through the integration and transformation of traditional production factors such as capital, labor and land. In the virtual enterprise, the enterprise only grasps the core function, that is, the high value-added part that is highly dependent on enterprise knowledge and technology is in its own hands, and other low value-added departments are virtualized. By means of external integration, its purpose is to make the most effective use of enterprise resources in the competition.

Question 7: What are the main production management methods of manufacturing enterprises? The main content of enterprise production management.

1, product development management under market guidance.

That is, new product decision-making, new product design, new product process selection, new product trial production and so on. These will also determine the reasonable arrangement of production systems and production units under the conditions of realizing and meeting the production process requirements, high production efficiency and reasonable equipment utilization rate. The resources, technology and environment needed to produce new products determine the choice of factory address; The design and technology of new products produced by enterprises play a decisive role in the layout of production units, such as the layout of various production technologies and raw materials, tools and services in production workshops and other auxiliary production workshops.

2. On the basis of new product design and production technology, arrange the production factors of the enterprise reasonably.

In other words, it is necessary to make reasonable arrangements for various production factors such as production capital, labor force and technology, and combine various production factors in the best way to realize the continuity, balance, balance and punctuality of the production process.

3. With the reasonable arrangement of new products and enterprise production organization, enterprises should realize production plan management.

That is to say, the annual, quarterly and monthly production planning tasks and temporary production tasks of the enterprise are specifically assigned to every workshop, every section, every team and even every workplace and every production personnel.

4. Under the premise of production planning, the enterprise's production process control means comprehensive monitoring of the whole production process.

Such as the control of product production schedule, product quality, material consumption, inventory and production cost. If production control is not done well, it will directly lead to the increase and consumption of production costs, so production control plays a key role in the production management of the whole enterprise.

As far as the development of the world economy and the wide application of computers are concerned, enterprise production management can no longer stay in the traditional management mode, that is, it can not be based on personal experience, but should be combined with scientific modern management mode to make enterprise production management and enterprise development better complement each other, promote each other and develop together.

The development of enterprise management can be divided into three stages: traditional management, scientific management and modern management. As far as the production management of enterprises in China is concerned, there are three stages, which are closely related to the productivity and mode of production in China. However, as far as the global economic development is concerned, the production management level of China enterprises must be qualitatively developed, so as to keep up with the pace of modern management in the world, survive and soar in the ocean of the world economy, and let the sails of enterprises fly better in the blue ocean.

Scientific management methods of modern enterprise production management;

First, formulate scientific operating rules and standard operating tools, scientifically standardize workers' various operating methods, operations, time and tools, reduce the error rate of operation, waste of time and material, and maximize labor productivity.

Second, pay attention to the selection and training of workers to improve their operational ability. According to the current situation of China's economic production, people are the most important productive forces, so people are one of the main objects of enterprise management activities. For each management object, we need to know their own physiology, personality characteristics and abilities, and choose suitable jobs for each management object, so as to give full play to each management object's specialties, give full play to people's talents, and realize the creation of the maximum productivity of each management object.

Third, both employers and employees are required to establish a cooperative spirit of unity and struggle. Employers are concerned about reducing costs and increasing profits, while workers are concerned about raising wages. Therefore, to achieve the greatest prosperity of both sides, it is necessary for both sides to establish a cooperative spirit of unity and struggle and strive to improve labor productivity.

Fourth, planning functional departments and executive functional departments should have clear responsibilities, so that responsibilities and rights are clearly defined. In the process of production management in this enterprise, enterprise managers are required to take the responsibility of production planning, study and analyze workers' operations, formulate standard man-hour quota, operation methods, operation tools and operation procedures, and formulate scientific work plans and operation instructions. The effective new methods put forward by employees should be rewarded accordingly to further arouse their enthusiasm and creativity.

The biggest feature of modern enterprise production management method is the combination of computer technology and modern management. There are mainly the following reasons:

1. With the multi-variety and small batch production will become the mainstream of production mode, production ... >; & gt

Question 8: What are the common management modes in factories at present? There are only various management tools: lean production management, 6-supply management, PMC center management, total quality management, JIT management, TQC management and production operation management.

Question 9: What are the classifications of business models? Self-produced and sold. Refers to the sale of products produced by private enterprises. This mode of operation of enterprises is generally small, mostly for some craftsmen, such as shoe stores, clothing stores and so on. Most of them are front shops and back factories, producing and selling.

Buy and sell on a commission basis. It refers to a commercial activity in the form of contract, which is entrusted by people to buy and sell on their behalf. This mode of operation is more flexible and its business scope is wider. Most of them are agricultural and sideline products, which need a certain business site, and operators charge a certain handling fee from them. Operators who purchase and sell on a commission basis should have credibility.

Processing with supplied materials, processing with samples and assembling with supplied parts. Processing with supplied materials is to change the shapes, properties, surface conditions and uses of raw materials and semi-finished products and process them into products as required; Sample processing refers to processing according to the requirements of the order and the design requirements of the drawings and orders, and supplying products to the ordering party after molding; Assembly with supplied materials is to assemble the parts provided by the other party into products according to the requirements of the contract. No matter what kind of business model, enterprises must sign contracts to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties.

Wholesale. In commercial activities, goods are sold in batches, and their prices are not lower than those of retail goods. Sales targets are commodity operators and retailers, and they are not directly sold to final consumers. Wholesale goods need certain storage equipment, storage and transportation conditions and more funds.

Retail. Refers to the bulk purchase of goods, sporadic sales, sales target for the final consumer maintenance industry. Repair damaged ships, facilities and articles to their original state or achieve their original functional purposes.

Transportation industry. It is divided into passenger transport and freight transport, and it is also divided into non-motor vehicle transport or motor vehicle transport, ship transport, railway, public transport and water transport because of different means of transport. Private enterprises do not operate railway transportation.

Consulting services. Consulting service is a rising industry in recent years. Private enterprises use their own scientific and technological knowledge in a certain field to provide services, experience, materials, data and design for customers, so that customers can gain knowledge and benefits in consultation.