A word of Su Shi

Appreciation of Su Shi's Words

In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi, a leading figure in the literary world, not only pioneered and innovated in literature and poetry, but also in words, also a different way to stand out, creating a "bold and bold words" of the first wind. Su Shi changed the tradition since the word, rejected the fragrance of soft, soft and gentle mood, the poem in the bold, masculine atmosphere, melted in the word. Once the bold words came out, his open-mindedness and vigorous posture shocked the word world. The basic style of Su's words is to use poetry as words, with a wide range of subjects; to fill in the words with legal phrases, without restricting the meter, advocating the return of simplicity to the truth, and returning to the principle of "only distinguishing between the level and the narrowness, and not asking about the four tones" of the Tang Dynasty when they first made the words. As a result, he greatly broadened the way of lyrics. Here we will enjoy his magnificent words "Nian Nujiao" (Eastward Going of the Yangtze River):

Eastward Going of the Yangtze River, the waves have exhausted all the characters of the ancient wind and current.

To the west of the old fortress, people say, the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms.

The rocks are piercing through the air, the waves are beating against the shore, and a thousand piles of snow are being rolled up.

The mountains and rivers are like pictures, how many heroes are there?

When I think of Gongjin, Xiao Qiao was married at the beginning of my life.

Fan and spandex, talk and laugh, boom and scull.

The old country is a great place to visit, and I'm sure you'll laugh at me, but I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that.

Life is like a dream, a libation.

This is Su Shi was banished to Huangzhou, touring the Red Cliff and made. In fact, the Red Cliff of Huangzhou is not the Red Cliff of Zhou Yu's defeat of Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms period, but the same name triggered Su Shi to express his feelings about the Battle of the Red Cliff more than 800 years ago. Zhou Yu was the commander-in-chief of the Battle of Red Cliffs, and the lyric spares no effort in portraying Zhou Yu as a man of great talent and command, as well as a man of elegance and elegance, and a man of dashing grace and ease, expressing the lyricist's praise and admiration for his predecessor. Lyricist linked to their own banishment, difficult to play its talent, can not help but laugh at their own sentimental, big "life is like a dream" sigh of contention. I have no choice but to pour out libations under the moon on the river and offer them as a sacrifice.

The first piece of the main scenery, retrospective history. "The great river goes east, the waves are exhausted, the ancient wind and streams of characters" these three sentences, looking at history, generation after generation, how many characters, for the history of the exhaustion of the river is still flowing east, so the cloud "waves are exhausted" also. "The west side of the old base, people are, the three Zhoulang Red Cliff", this is according to the biography of the people, explaining the location of the Battle of Red Cliff. The old base, the past war fortifications. The meaning of these three sentences is that, west of the old base, people say that it is the place of the Battle of Red Cliff commanded by Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms. "This is a description of the scenery in front of us, portraying the majestic momentum of the Yangtze River. For the next sentence and the next piece of padding. Rocks through the air, describing the overhanging wall for the shocking waves of hundreds of years of scouring and through the air. Surprise wave, describe the waves because of the fright off the reins of the war horse, like a cascade of a thousand miles; or thrill of the waves. Rolled up a thousand piles of snow, describing the waves hit the stone wall, stirring upward curved waves, white as snow. A thousand piles of snow is an exaggeration. This leads to the lyricist's exclamation "the mountains and rivers are like paintings, how many great men at a time", to the effect that the beauty of the mountains and rivers are like paintings, how many great men at a time caused by the battle for it. The first three sentences of the first three sentences for a echo.

The next piece focuses on characterization.

The next piece focuses on the character. "Thinking back to Kung Jin, Xiao Qiao married at the beginning of the majestic hair" is to write Zhou Yu (the word Kung Jin) that year, the dashing and handsome, the Governor of the three armies of Jiangdong, and married one of the two beauties of the Eastern Wu Xiao Qiao (Da Qiao married Sun Quan), can be said to be heroes and beauties, the sky is the good match, it is the time to be happy. Yingfa is also known as "Yingfa," which means that he is glowing with vigor. "Feather fan and spandex scarf, talk and laugh, mast and sculls fly into smoke" is a description of Zhou Yu elegant, calm and collected, the demeanor of a plan, and strategy has been set, the battle method has long been deployed, so the tent in the talk and laugh, Cao Cao's warships will be burned to the ground. "The old country God traveling, sentimental should laugh at me, early Chinese hair. Life is like a dream, a libation of the river moon." These five lines, is to write the lyricist's own feelings. Among them, the old country refers to the place where the Battle of Red Cliff took place. The phrase "I should be laughed at for being sentimental" is an inverted sentence, meaning "I should be laughed at for being sentimental". Hualafa (华发), meaning gray hair, is a reversed phrase meaning "I should be laughed at for being sentimental". Life is like a dream, borrowed from Cao Cao's poem. These lines are helpless feelings also, so finally had to return to the "a libation", that is, helpless, had to be in the river under the moon, libation to sacrifice only.

Su Shi's bold words, not only wistful words, its content is multifaceted. For example, "Jiangchengzi" (old man chat hair) word, written by the official hunting, but the expression of the great patriotic feelings of the lyricist. The whole word is as follows:

The old man has a young man's wild hair.

The left side of the yellow, the right side of the Cang. I am a man with a hat and sable fur, and a thousand horseback riders rolled up the Pinggang.

In order to pay back the city, I will follow the governor, shoot the tiger and watch Sun Lang.

It's a good thing that I'm so drunk that I'm still open.

What's the harm in a little frost on the temples? When will I ever be able to send Feng Tang back to the clouds?

We will draw our bows like the full moon, and look to the northwest to shoot the wolf in the sky.

The fourth word in the first sentence of the next piece is "gall", which is a mistake. Wine to sound, often people have to bare chest cool, so should be "bare" word. The first piece of the main description of hunting, the second piece of Shu Huai, showing the strong patriotic feelings of the lyricist for the country.

Su Shi's words are not only full of boldness, and there is no lack of romanticism. For example, "Song of Water" (when is the bright moon) is a word on the use of whimsical romantic expression. I'm going to ask the blue sky with a glass of wine.

I don't know what year it is in the palace in the sky.

I want to go home on the wind, but I'm afraid that the jeweled buildings are too high to be cold.

It's not like I'm on earth.

They are the most important thing in the world, and they are the most important thing in the world, and they are the most important thing in the world.

There should be no hate, why do we have to be so happy when we leave each other?

There is no such thing as a good time, and there is no such thing as a good time.

But I wish you a long life, a thousand miles of **** Canyuan Juan.

This is Su Shi, in the ninth year of Emperor Xining's Mid-Autumn Festival in Mizhou, drinking under the moon, because of the nostalgia for his brother Su Zhe, wrote a wonderful lyrics. The first piece seems to write the scene, but actually implies that the writer is politically unpopular, difficult to realize their own ideals and aspirations of bitterness and helplessness. The next piece of scenery and feelings fusion, both on the brother Su Zhe's nostalgia, but also on the earth's good wishes. It shows the broad-mindedness of the lyricist. The words are clear, profound and philosophical, and can be called the best song of the past. "But I wish you a long time, thousands of miles of *** Chan Juan" is often quoted by later generations.

In fact, Su Shi did not abandon the traditional word writing. For example, his "Water Dragon Song" (like a flower but also like a non-flower) is a child love, hate and sadness of the traditional words.

Like a flower but not like a flower, no one cherishes it, and it falls from the sky.

This is the first time I've ever been to a place where I've left my family behind, and I've been thinking about it for a long time.

These are the most important things that you can do to make your life easier.

Dreams follow the wind for thousands of miles, searching for a place to go, but also by the warbler called up.

It's not as if I hate the flowers, but I hate that they're all over the place, and it's hard for me to get my hands on them.

The rain came in the morning, where are the traces? The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty.

Spring color three, two dust, one running water.

Looking closely, it is not a poplar flower, but a little bit of the tears of the departed.

The lyric uses the techniques of anthropomorphism and illusion, seemingly writing about poplars, but actually writing about people. In terms of realm, it is just like a movie, from the poplar flowers floating down, illusory a sad and sorrowful youthful thinking woman. The poplars are people, and people are poplars. "Like a flower but also like a non-flower," writes the poplar although called "flower" but not the characteristics of the flower, and the next "no one cherish, from the teaching of the fall," has been sent to the feelings, no one to pity her, let her! No one is there to pity her, letting her fall. From the teaching, from the meaning of letting, letting go. "Throwing home along the road", on the surface of the poplar flowers floating down the side of the house or the road, in fact, is to describe the thought of the woman was thrown away from home, often along the road to look forward to. "Thinking about it is, no feelings have thought", here seems to write poplar, in fact, has been transferred to write people. Therefore, "no feelings have thought" here has become a pun, the surface of the text is to say, although the poplar is no emotion, fine thinking, seems to have feelings. In fact, it is written that the thinking woman was mercilessly abandoned at home, so she has unlimited worries. Thinking, thinking carefully, thinking carefully. There are thoughts, harboring feelings. "Haunting loss of soft intestines, sleepy sound delicate eyes, want to open but also closed" here is completely written about people, but such words can still be used to describe the willow (Yang), this is Su Shi's rhetorical skill. The words "haunted by the loss of the soft intestines" mean that the soft intestines are also haunted by the knots. Excessive sadness, gradually tired and sleepy, so there is "sleepy sound delicate eyes, want to open but also closed" state. Because of the lack of sleepy, drowsy, so sleepy eyes fuzzy, want to open not open. Here, the fine strokes outline the tenderness and beauty of the thinking woman. "Dreaming with the wind for miles, looking for the place where Lang, and also by the warbler called up" these three lines before and write, describing the thinking woman in her sleep with the wind for miles, floating and up to the place where Langjun, but then by the warbler's cry to wake up. The first is that the first time I saw the movie, I was able to see the movie, and I was able to see the movie.

The next piece of the scene, the scene contains feelings, the scene is blended. "I don't hate the flowers, I hate the west garden, it's hard to decorate." This flower refers to the poplar flower. Falling red, falling flowers. Difficult to decorate, difficult to re-decorate the branches. This is the pen of spring. Falling flowers not only can not re-decorate the branches, on the contrary, the "dawn rain", even the trail is gone, leaving only a pool of broken ping pong ("Where are the traces? A pool of broken weeds.") The color of spring is three parts, two parts. "Spring color is three parts, two parts dust, one part flowing water", these three lines are sigh, before the rain, spring color is still three parts, "dawn to rain" after, two parts dust annihilation, one part flowing water robbed away. Here spring color three or refers to the falling red or refers to poplar, from the back of the three sentences, seems to refer to poplar. "On closer inspection, it is not the poplar flowers, but the tears of the departed." This close to the beginning of the "like flowers also like non-flowers, and no one cherish, from the teaching of the fall" responded to the "point is the tears of the departed" to return to the theme. It can be said that the ingenuity is also unique.

Su Shi wrote the words of the children's love, more implicit and implicit techniques, but there are also fast and clear works. For example, "Butterfly Lovers" (flowers faded red):

Faded red apricot small. When the swallows are flying, the green water is surrounded by people's homes.

The willows on the branches are less and less blown; there is no fragrant grass at the end of the world.

Swinging in the wall and swinging outside the wall. The people outside the wall, the good people in the wall laugh.

Laughing is not heard, the sound is quiet, but the love is annoyed by the emotionless.

The first part of the scene, the characteristics of spring, all inclusive. The next piece of writing love, is a direct narrative approach, no lingering sentimental words, but very touching. The whole word in the scene, with flavor, very reflective of the characteristics of Dong Po writing. "Where there is no fragrant grass at the end of the world" and "Sentiment is annoyed by sentimentlessness" are shining lines, often quoted by later generations. Wang Shizhen "flowers and grasses," said the cloud: "willow on the branches of the Mian" fear of Tuntian edge of the love of the beautiful, may not be able to go through. It is said that the slope, but interpreted as "east to the big river" also. It is said that this is the lyricist passed a garden, see the circle within the swing beauty, will stop to watch, beauty and the maid to see, will be laughing and joking while leaving. Therefore, there is a "smile gradually do not hear the sound gradually quiet, sentimental but was sentient annoyed" sigh. The sentimentalist is also the lyricist. Here also shows another kind of romantic feelings of the lyricist.

Su Shi wrote love, do not seek the word gorgeous, but seek true love. One of his remembrance of his late wife Wang Fu's words "Jiangchengzi", the language is simple and unadorned, but the feelings of strong, sincere and invigorating heartstrings.

Ten years of life and death, not to think about, since unforgettable.

Thousands of miles of lonely graves, nowhere to talk about bleakness.

Even if we meet, we should not know each other, dusty face, like frost.

This is the first time I've ever seen a woman in the world with a dream, and I've never seen one before.

There are no words, only tears.

It is expected that every year we will be broken hearted, the night of the bright moon, the short pine tree.

The first piece is like talking to the opposite side, to the words to tell. "The first part of the piece is about the death of the wife, and the second part is about the death of the wife, and the third part is about the death of the wife. "Even if you don't think about it, your old feelings are unforgettable. "Thousands of miles of lonely graves, nowhere to talk about bleakness", you are buried thousands of miles away from home, and I'm in Huangzhou, where to talk to you about my bleakness? "Even if we meet should not recognize, dusty face, bin like frost", even if we can meet, you do not recognize me, I have been old, dusty face, sideburns like frost. The first part of the song is a very sad and sad feeling.

Daily thoughts, night dreams. The next piece is to write the night to dream of returning home to see his wife, showing the true feelings of life and death between husband and wife. "Night to dream suddenly returned home, small window, is combing makeup" is also the door to the mountain, is that last night dream suddenly returned home, is to see his wife in front of the window combing makeup. Night, that is, last night, the ancient vernacular. To this day, the area around Juxian County in Shandong Province is still referred to as "last night" as "night to come". "No words, only tears" means that when you see each other, you can't say anything, so you can only look at each other and cry a thousand tears. "I expect to break my heart year after year, the bright moon night, the short pine tree", this knot and the first sentence echoes, expresses the lyricist's infinite nostalgia and sadness. These three lines are: I am sure that the place that makes me sad every year is under the light of the bright moon, before coming to your lonely grave. The place of broken heart, that is, the place of sadness. Short Pine Grange, planted with pines on the high side, pines and cypresses grow slowly, ten years is still very short, so it is called "short pines", Sichuan is a rainy area, so the graves are often buried in the high side of the selection. "Short Pine" refers to the grave site of the lyricist's wife. The phrase "year after year" also implies that the writer has the intention of resigning from the government and going back to his hometown.

After Su Shi's banishment, most of his poignant works were written, but he did not lose his ambition. For example, "Bu San Zi" (The Lack of Moon Hanging on the Wutong):

The lack of moon hangs on the wutong, and the people are quiet at the beginning of the leakage.

Who sees the ghostly man traveling alone? The shadow of a lone goose is in the mist.

Surprisingly, I turned back, but there was no one to save me from my hatred.

This is the first time I've ever seen a man who was so lonely that he couldn't stand the sight of the coldest branch in the world.

The word is written in a punning style, but it is also written as a human being, and the human being and the human being are one and the same. The lyricist also called himself "the man of the underworld", the man of the underworld, the man of the underworld, and here it is said to be the man of the underworld. The question of "who saw" is actually a negative statement, meaning "no one has seen the man alone walking around, indistinct as the shadow of a lonely hong". Ethereal, vaguely, if any meaning. The first piece is extremely lonely. The next piece to take over the last sentence of the last piece, turn to write the lonely Hong, because of fear and turn back, full of hate but no one can understand ("startled but turn back, hate no one to save"). Therefore, he refused to perch on the cold high branches, preferring to live alone in the cold sandbar. The next piece is a pun on the text, write Hong actually write people. Although the words are bleak and sad, but this set off the lyricist's noble self-defense, unswerving lofty sentiments. Huang Tingjian in the "Trekking Dongpo Lefu" commented that: the language is wonderful, it seems to be non-smoke and fire-eating people language, not in the chest of ten thousand scrolls of books, pen without a bit of dust and vulgarity, who can be to this!

Su Shi was banished, although the word more bleak works, but there is no lack of positive struggle.

Su Shi, after his banishment, wrote many poignant works, but he also wrote some positive works of resistance.

Slow evening rain, Zi Gui cries.

Who says life is never too young? The water in front of the door can still flow westward.

Don't sing the yellow rooster with your gray hair.

This poem was written when the poet was banished to Huangzhou and traveled to the Qingquan Temple of Herb Water. The first piece mainly describes the tranquil scenery of Lanxi. The big rivers in China all flow in the east, but the Lanxi here flows in the west. Therefore, the lyricist says, "Who says that life is never too young? The sentiment of "the water in front of the door can still flow west" is a declaration of his unwillingness to fail. "Don't sing the yellow rooster with gray hair" is a sentence of self-improvement and encouragement, which is also a warning sentence. It is also a cautionary tale. The general idea is that one should not waste the remaining years of one's life because of old age. White hair refers to old age. The yellow rooster is a metaphor for the loss of time.

Another example is the word "Tingfengbo", which is about the rain, but it shows the spirit of the lyricist who is not afraid of the wind and rain.

Mo listen to the sound of the leaves beating through the forest, why not chant and walk slowly.

The bamboo stick and shoes are lighter than the horse, who is afraid? I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that.

The spring breeze is blowing the wine to wake up, slightly cold. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to get a good look at this, but I'm sure I'll be able to.

Turning back to the place of depression, return. I'm not sure if I'll be able to get a good look at you, but I'm sure I can.

The word "wind and rain" on the surface, but in fact there is a moral, the wind and rain should refer to the words by the blow or abuser. The first piece, to "through the forest to hit the leaves" to describe the rain, can be said to be strange words. "Why not chant and walk slowly" shows that the lyricist is not afraid of the wind and rain raging, frank and easy life beliefs. Manshoes are straw shoes. The phrase "who is afraid" shows the fearlessness of the lyricist. "A straw raincoat rain Ren PingSheng" can be said, is the lyricist's philosophy of life; the general idea is that a straw raincoat can block the wind and rain, enough. The next piece, "spring wind blowing wine, slightly cold. Hilltop oblique light but welcome" shows the optimism of the lyricist after being banished. Although it is a little cold, but there is a slanting light on the hill to welcome, here the moral should be the lyricist by the jurisdiction of the people's welcome. It is a little bit cold, mostly describing the spring. "Turning back to the place of depression, return. There is no wind, rain or sunshine" shows the peaceful state of mind of the lyricist in the world. The place of coming is the capital city. Returning means going back to the capital again. Even so, the lyricist will be calm, so "there is no wind or rain, nor sunshine".

Another characteristic of Su Shi's words is that they are philosophical. The above mentioned "Who says life is no longer young? The two lines of "the water in front of the door can still be west" have a certain philosophical nature.

The world is a big dream, and life is bleak for a few times.

The wind and leaves are already chirping on the porch at night, and I am looking at the sideburns of my eyebrows.

We are always worried about our customers, and the moon is bright, so we are often hurt by the clouds.

Who will be with us in the mid-autumn? I'm not going to be able to get the best out of it.

One of them, "the world a big dream, life a few degrees of bleak", is a philosophical text. The first piece of writing, life is short, in the blink of an eye autumn decline. "Night to the wind leaves have sounded corridor" is written in the mid-autumn night leaves in the corridor under the building by the wind rolled soughing. "Eyebrows on the sideburns", the real meaning is worry on the eyebrows, frost stained temples, people have been old. This is the sadness of life is short. In the next piece, "the wine is cheap and long sad guest less, the moon is bright more by the cloud hurt" is also rich in philosophical. "Wine is cheap, long sad guest less" actually writes out the lyricist was banished, friends also less to come and go. The phrase "the moon is bright and the clouds are hurt" reveals the truth of "the orchid is in decline and the turnip is deceived". It means that he was slandered because of his talent. "Who is with **** lonely light in the mid-autumn? Look north forlornly", because the first Mid-Autumn Festival just arrived in Huangzhou, neither relatives nor friends, so there is a "Mid-Autumn who is with **** lonely light" question. Lonely light, the light of loneliness. I can only fetch the bucks and drink alone, and look northward to miss the deceased. This one is written in the loneliness full of bleak and sad, this is the first Mid-Autumn Festival after the lyricist was banished to Huangzhou alone, so there is this sad.

Su Shi's words, the content is very wide, in addition to the above types of words, there are still landscapes, idyllic, nostalgia for friends and relatives, and singing and so on, which is not lacking in funny little words. Just one of the idyllic words "Raccoon Brook Sand" (rustling clothes and scarf) for appreciation:

Rustling clothes and scarf falling jujube blossoms, the village south and north of the village reeling,

cow clothes and ancient willow cucumber sale.

The road is long, but I want to sleep, and the sun is high, and I am thirsty for tea.

Knocking on the door, I tried to ask for the house of the savage.

The first piece of the village scene, written in a very simple and funny, "cattle clothes ancient willow sell cucumbers", so you see a wear Demoiselle townspeople, in the shade of the ancient willow sell cucumbers. It is simply an elegant ink painting. The next piece is to write the words themselves, wine sleepy road long, drowsy; high people thirsty, all the way to think of tea how good it is. Into the village, they went to knock on people's doors to ask for tea. Written in a very graphic and vivid. This idyllic words, can be called a masterpiece.

There are also some words describing the fun of personal life, also has a special flavor. For example, "Linjiang Xian" (night return to Lingao):

Night drink Dongpo woke up again drunk, return as if three nights.

The children's noses are already thundering,

No one should knock at the door, but I lean on my staff to listen to the sound of the river.

When will I forget the camp?

At the end of the night, the wind is still and the gauze is smooth.

The canoe has passed away since then, and the river and the sea have sent me the rest of my life.

The funniest part of the poem is the phrase "the children's noses are already thundering, and no one should knock at the door", which is the most life-affirming phrase. The first part of the lyrics write "night drink return", the boy sleep dead, even the door can not knock, so "leaning on the staff to listen to the sound of the river". It may be called writing scenery, but in fact it is writing life. The next piece is a meditation on the river, lamenting life. The first two sentences symbolize the helplessness of life, driven by fame and fortune, or "world slave", not free. When can we forget about the world of these camps? The last two lines are an expression of "the world's slavery", which means "the world's slavery", not being free. The last two lines express the idea of "returning to the world", which is not unrelated to the banishment of the lyricist.

Looking at the words of "Moon in the West River" (照野弥弥弥)：

Lighting the shallow waves of the wild yamas, the sky is full of hidden layers of sky.

The mud of the barrier has not yet been cleared and the buckskin is proud, and I want to sleep drunk in the grass.

It's a pity that the wind and the moon are in a stream, and I don't want to see them crushed.

Unsaddling and interjecting on the green poplar bridge, Du Yu heard a spring dawn.

The poem expresses the lyricist's infinite love for nature. The author of the lyrics has a preface that reads: "I was in Huangzhou on a spring night, walking on the water of the herb. Over the restaurant, drinking wine drunk, riding the moon to a stream bridge, unsaddle, curved humerus drunken lie less rest. And realize that it is already dawn, chaotic mountains save embrace, running water clanging, doubt not earthly also. This is the background of the writing of the lyric. The first two lines of the poem are about the moon shining over the shallow waves of the stream, and the layers of clouds faintly visible in the sky. Miyi, also refers to the clouds that are all over the place. The barrier mud, allusion also. The Book of Jin? Wang Ji biography ":" Ji good understanding of the nature of the horse, try to ride a horse, with the dry even barrier mud, before the water, the horse refused to cross. Jinji said: 'This must be a pity barrier mud.' Make people to solve, they will cross." Barrier mud has not been solved, is that not wading in the water. Su Shi rode a horse to the bridge, so the cloud. Jade buckskin, white jade-like steed. It is also called "proud" and "majestic". "The mud barrier has not been solved, buckskin proud, I want to get drunk and sleep on the grass" means: although the horse is very sturdy and strong, but (because of drunkenness) I want to sleep on the grass. The next piece expresses the love of nature. "It's a pity that the wind and moon in a stream are so broken." These two lines are saying: how cherishable a stream of clear wind and moon, do not let the buckskin step on this charming moonlight. Qiongyao is also a beautiful jade, which is a metaphor for moonlight. How could I leave such a wonderful realm? So I "unsaddled and interjected the green poplar bridge" and slept soundly, and the result was "Duyu's spring dawn", until I heard Duyu's cry, it was already dawn, a mesmerizing spring dawn. The author's skillful writing style, to integrate themselves into the magical wonderland. Can be described as "sinking into a beautiful dream world, floating pleasant heart."