What is enterprise technology innovation, what is independent innovation

This was proposed in the economic theory created by Mr. Schumpeter, a famous American economist (who was the mentor of Mr. Zhang Peigang, a famous professor of economics at Wuhan University) at the beginning of the last century. "Technological innovation" is first of all an economic concept, an economic development concept. A fundamental feature of this theory is that it attaches great importance to the major role of technological change in economic change. It is a theoretical viewpoint that integrates economy and science and technology, even education and training, culture and so on, and is not a concept that belongs purely to the scope of science and technology. Understanding this, we can distinguish "technological innovation" from many other concepts. "Technological innovation" and scientific and technological progress is very different: 1. "Technological innovation" to market-oriented. It is not so clear that scientific and technological progress is market-oriented. Many of our scientific research results can not be promoted, can not be turned into productivity, can not capture the market, not necessarily because the scientific research results are not hard, not mature, there are many in the market does not need this kind of results. 2. scientific and technological progress is often the pursuit of catching up with the level of what era. The goal of "technological innovation" is to achieve market competitiveness, especially in the international market. A high level of science and technology does not necessarily mean strong market competitiveness, because there are many factors that determine competitiveness. Products with market competitiveness are not necessarily of high technological level and high reliability. For example, the technical content of agricultural transportation vehicles is far less than that of traditional trucks, but it is very competitive in the rural market, because the price of trucks is too high. 3. "Technological innovation" is a process. At the micro level, it generally refers to a series of activities from the creation of a new concept of a product or process, through the acquisition of technology (including research and development and the introduction of technology), engineering to commercial production and the development and occupation of markets. And scientific and technological progress is often limited to the development of new products, new processes this link. 4. "technological innovation" in addition to product and process innovation, but also includes organizational innovation, institutional innovation, management innovation and so on, which are appropriate. Scientific and technological progress generally does not include these elements. 5. "technological innovation" must rely on entrepreneurs, because innovation is the recombination of factors of production, only entrepreneurs may be the recombination of factors of production (in turn, only those engaged in innovation activities, can be called entrepreneurs). Scientific and technological progress relies on scientific and technological personnel, who are important, but who cannot play the role of entrepreneurs. From the above five aspects can be seen, scientific and technological progress is an important part of the process of "technological innovation", but can not be equated with "technological innovation". Another example is that some comrades understand "technological innovation" as invention and technical innovation. It should be recognized that these are some links in the process of "technological innovation", but they cannot be equated with "technological innovation". Similarly, there is a significant difference between scientific and technological capabilities, which are mainly characterized by research and development capabilities, and "technological innovation" capabilities. Scientific and technological advantage is an important but not sufficient condition for competitive advantage. Scientific and technological advantage cannot be equated with competitive advantage. In addition to research and development capabilities, "technological innovation" capabilities also include decision-making capabilities, engineering capabilities, commercialization capabilities, market development capabilities and so on. It is a comprehensive ability to combine science and technology with economy, education and culture. If any one of them is lagging behind, it will not be able to achieve competitive capability. Therefore, we can draw a clear concept: first, "technological innovation" is an economic concept, not a concept limited to the scope of science and technology. Secondly, scientific and technological advantage is an important condition for competitive advantage, but it is not equal to competitive advantage. Thirdly, there is a major difference between scientific and technological capability and "technological innovation" capability. At present, there is a significant difference between the meanings of "scientific and technological innovation", "knowledge innovation" and "technological innovation", which are often published in newspapers and magazines. They speak of "scientific and technological" and "knowledge" innovation in a general sense. Therefore, in the Dictionary published in 1999, there is only an entry for "technological innovation", but not for "scientific and technological innovation" or "knowledge innovation". What is independent innovation, in layman's terms, others did not think of you thought of. Others did not find you found, others did not make you made. This is innovation. Innovation involves all fields of social life, including theoretical innovation, scientific and technological innovation, cultural innovation, institutional innovation and other aspects of innovation. The independent innovation mentioned here mainly refers to the creative activities in the field of science and technology, which has three aspects: first, original innovation, with the purpose of obtaining scientific discoveries and technological inventions; second, integrated innovation, which organically integrates a variety of related technologies to form new products and industries; and third, the introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation. The results of independent innovation are generally reflected in new scientific discoveries and technologies, products and brands with independent intellectual property rights. Independent innovation should pay attention to the following two points: first, independent is the premise, only this premise can realize independent innovation. Second, innovation is the main point, there is this premise, do not carry out innovation is also no innovation, from the realization of the concept of innovation to innovation among the courage to see the actual implementation of innovation.