China's agricultural problems

China's agricultural problems

In the 17th session of the Third Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the introduction of the "land transfer, commercial management" as the core content of the new round of land reform introduced, the imminent privatization of land. The immediate polarization, land transfer for the large-scale merger of the remaining 1.5 billion acres of arable land more than a trillion dollars in assets, to give the legal basis.

China's problem is the problem of the Chinese peasantry. The peasant problem is the land problem. When Mencius met with King Hui of Liang, he put forward the legal theory that the people should be given land from the property, and this laid down the feudal system in China. The rise and fall of the Chinese dynasties in the following 2,000 years was also based on the issue of land. The rise of the dynasties was based on the suppression of the powerful and the full autonomy of the peasants to live and work in peace and contentment. The downfall of the dynasty started from promoting the annexation of land by the powerful and the plundering of the people's property. With the capital-based reforms, the powerful seized the industries on which industrial workers and businessmen depended for their livelihoods. Today's agrarian reform, centered on the transfer of land, is a legalization of the land on which the peasants depend for their livelihood. This is the first step in the process of the powerful taking over the most fundamental asset of the Chinese nation.

The following landing, I hope to be able to give netizens to recognize and solve China's agricultural problems to enlightenment.

I. Chinese traditional agriculture

Chinese agriculture began with Shennong, and the Yellow Emperor is the advocate of Chinese ecological agriculture. The Records of the Grand Historian. The five emperors of the Chronicle" recorded: (Huang Di taught people) when sowing the grass, grass, and trees, Chun (tame) birds, animals, insects and moths. The sun, the moon and the stars, the water wave (Wo) soil, stone, gold and jade; work heart, ear and eye, section of water and fire materials, these ancient teachings, laid down the Chinese agricultural civilization.... Today's agricultural calendar is known as the Yellow Calendar, which began with the Yellow Emperor, who taught the people to cultivate with time. He taught his people how to cultivate and develop planting and farming, and how to cultivate birds (poultry), beasts (six animals), insects and moths (sericulture). Work diligently to develop production. Conserve water and fire, save materials and utensils, cut down trees, and protect forests. To protect the forests, swamps, and wetlands, the Yellow Emperor prohibited the harvesting of oranges, hunting, and flooding of rivers and lakes for a certain period of time in order to protect the resources. These ideas and measures of the Yellow Emperor have been inherited until the twentieth century. Many places can still be found in the closed forest monument. Fishing also retained the custom of opening pools .　　

From the time of the Yellow Emperor, slash-and-burn cultivation was frowned upon, although the practice of setting fire to the mountains for farming did not end in China until the 1980s. The Yellow Emperor's teachings have served as a check on the ecological destruction of the Chinese land by slash-and-burn farming. This is in contrast to the different paths taken by the ancient Egyptian civilization of the Nile and the Babylonian civilization of the Euphrates and the ancient Greek civilization.　　

The consequence of slash-and-burn agriculture is the destruction of the Earth's ecosystem, which is the root cause of desertification and desertification of the land. One of the reasons for this is that thin harvests lead to extensive cultivation. The reason for the lack of harvest is the fertilizer. It is only when there is more fertilizer and more food that we can have a stable life and a fixed home. Chinese farmers have made use of farmyard manure to increase crop yields and establish a recycling and conservation-oriented natural economy.　　

Farmers must feed pigs, cows, chickens, ducks and geese. No livestock does not become home, the purpose of raising cattle is to plow the field, a cow every year to eat tens of thousands of pounds of grass, not only digested crop stalks, but also need to eat tens of thousands of pounds of weeds, waste for treasure, and played a balanced ecological role. Cow dung is the main source of agricultural fertilizer. Chinese farmers collect and utilize cow dung in many ways. Farmers must set up cow shit cesspool and pig cesspool and hot water cesspool, cow shit cesspool is a pile of cow shit out of the pen, pig cesspool is located under the pig building. All cesspools, shit pools and the whole house of waste water, rainwater, all collected in the lotus root Xieng Khouang or around the house in the Xieng Khouang. Most of the Xieng Khouang is planted with lotus root, digging lotus root in winter and picking lotus in summer, the fragrance of lotus is unique. Do "not fall into the fertilizer outside the field". Human and animal waste is fully used as fertilizer, fertilizer to promote agricultural production, not only to eliminate agricultural pollution; also established a cycle of ecological agriculture, by Western scholars called organic agriculture. No pig is not a home, the pig in the 'six animals' is called 'boar'. Therefore, there must be a pig in the house to be considered a family. Pig is also the source of food and clothing, pigs can digest the leftovers, rice bran and water, food is fully utilized. Pig will be excess grains and cereals, vegetables and weeds into meat products, and make the family rich, to solve the problem of a year's oil and meat. Pig manure and urine is one of the main sources of farmyard fertilizer.　　

Raising chickens and ducks is a source of meat and eggs for farmers. They can eat some pests by foraging in the field, and eat the meals dropped on the floor indoors so that the resources can be fully utilized. Chicken shit, on the other hand, is excellent farmyard fertilizer.　　

Breeding is not only to open up sources of wealth and fertilizer. The six animals are prosperous and the five grains are plentiful, and in the production and life of the farming family, they are interdependent and promote each other to form a virtuous cycle of the biological chain.　

Ancient Chinese poets have made countless poems about Chinese farmers and agriculture. For example, Tang Dynasty - Wang Wei's "called Chuan Tianjia", and the Southern Song Dynasty - Xin Qiji's "Qing Ping Le", is a beautiful idyllic painting.　　

"I want to be in a field on a river" [Tang] Wang Wei

The slanting sun shines on the marketplace, and the cows and sheep return to the poor alleys. The wild old man remembers the shepherd boy, and waits for the firewood with his staff.　　

The roosters are in the wheat fields, and the silkworms are sleeping in the mulberry leaves. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty.

Qing Ping Le [Southern Song Dynasty] Xin Qiji

The eaves of the cottage are low, and the grass is green on the stream. I'm not sure if I've ever seen a woman with white hair before, but I'm sure I've seen a woman with white hair before. The first child is hoeing beans on the east side of the stream, and the middle child is weaving a chicken coop. I love the little ones who have no cheeks, and who lie on their backs in the stream and peel lotus pods.

It's the north, or the south. Whether it is the poet Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty, or the poet Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty, who is in the midst of the broken mountains and rivers and the wars, the life in the rural areas described in their writings is so harmonious and natural. This is the traditional Chinese agriculture, creating the Chinese agricultural society.