Specific content of practical application

"Jing Shi" is the essence of China culture, especially Huxiang culture, which originated from the theories of famous thinkers Gu and Wang Fuzhi in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The connotation of "managing the world" is "governing the country and leveling the world", emphasizing the need to have lofty ideals and ambitions, be ambitious, care about the world, and focus on "metaphysics"; The connotation of "application" is "combination of learning and application", which emphasizes the need to integrate theory with practice, be down-to-earth, pay attention to practical results and focus on "body". The motto of the school is "apply what you have learned". First, it embodies the cultural heritage of our school and has Hunan characteristics, which is in the same strain as Dr. Sun Yat-sen's inscription for Xiangya in his early years. Second, it is conducive to guiding students from Central and South China to combine lofty ideals with perseverance. They should be ambitious, dare to be the first in the world, be down-to-earth and start from scratch.

-

Practical learning was gradually formed in China after the Song Dynasty. It advocated studying current social, political, economic and other practical problems, required the study of Confucian classics to be linked with the urgent social problems at that time, and put forward research methods to solve major problems. Also known as practical application research. Its characteristic is to interpret ancient books as a means to play their own social and political views and use them for social reform.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jinhua School, headed by Lv Zuqian, advocated the practice of learning from the world, advocated taking history as a mirror, and opposed the empty learning of Neo-Confucianism at that time. However, Jinhua School adopted a conciliatory and eclectic attitude towards the dispute between Zhu and Lu. Yongjia School, represented by Xue, Ye Shi and Yongkang School, combined practical application with practical application, and severely criticized the empty talk of Neo-Confucianism.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the study of practical application flourished and formed an influential social trend of thought. Representative figures include Gu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Yan Yuan, Li Yong and Roy. On the basis of summing up the experience and lessons of the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the beginners in the Qing Dynasty deeply felt that the style of study in the Ming Dynasty was empty and untrue, which brought great disasters to the country and the nation. "Scholars only teach truth, don't take advantage of the current situation, and don't miss the country." They demand that academic practice be based on facts, and advocate practical learning and a new style of study based on facts. Their style of study is characterized by: dealing with the world, helping the poor, and opposing being divorced from social reality; Be brave in doing things, and don't talk about "if you live for one day, you must do things for the people for one day"; Committed to innovation and never copying the ancients; Seek truth from facts and pay attention to investigation and research. Their research covers almost all aspects of social issues, including politics, economy, military affairs, countries, nationalities, laws, frontiers, geography, human feelings, customs, natural sciences and so on. "Those related to people's livelihood and national life must be traced back to the source and discuss why." Under the guidance of the thought of saving the world, they put forward various solutions to the current social problems: ① Politically, they violently criticized the feudal autocratic system, exposed the evils of feudal autocratic monarchs, and put forward some ideas with initial democratic enlightenment factors, such as Huang Zongxi's thought of "managing the public right and wrong" and Gu's thought of "Shu Ren being in politics". Economically, in view of the feudal land annexation, various methods to solve the land problem were put forward. These methods are permeated with the spirit of "land equalization system". Although the "land equalization system" put forward by them is essentially different from that put forward by the peasant uprising, it shows concern and sympathy for the peasant problem. (3) In education, they strongly criticize the scientific system and stereotyped writing, attach importance to school education, and demand the cultivation of useful talents with real talents and practical learning. (4) Philosophically, everyone has his own ideas and presents an active situation.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the feudal Qing government was corrupt and incompetent, imperialist aggression deepened day by day, and the country faced a grim situation of life and death. In this case, the research of practical application has risen again. Its representatives are Wei Yuan, Gong Zizhen and later Kang Youwei. They attached great importance to Confucian classics, inherited and developed the spirit of being practical in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and used the so-called "micro-criticism and righteousness" of Confucian classics to give play to their social transformation thoughts. Under the banner of saving the nation from extinction, a new chapter in history has been opened.

Confucian theory of "running the world" from pre-Qin to Qing Dynasty.

Modern times are often used in the historical background of the late Qing Dynasty. They belong to an idea or a value. At that time, the Qing dynasty was poor and weak, and foreigners invaded. There are two schools of thought about where to go. One school insists on the old tradition, resists cheap and easy-to-use foreign goods, hates the Westernization School, but can't resist the spread of foreign goods. The other school belongs to the Westernization School, the so-called "new school", which pays attention to "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" and wants to learn.

Here are some quotes:

"Practical application" is the dominant cultural value of ancient intellectuals in China. This kind of values holds that the value standard of cultural scholarship is its practicality, that is, the transformation from cultural academic value to political ethical value.

In the pre-Qin period, Confucianism took the world as its own responsibility and regarded itself as the teacher of the monarch, trying to shape the ideal monarch by "respecting the right and wrong of the monarch", thus re-establishing a unified social value system. ... mainly to construct a reasonable social order and political form. ...

The thought of practical application advocated by thinkers in Ming and Qing dynasties, represented by Huang Zongxi, is simply to learn something useful to the real society, to combine the research knowledge with social reality, and to study and apply it flexibly instead of empty talk.

In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the oppression of the image of western countries and the infiltration of western cultural and political thoughts, intellectuals represented by Kang Youwei re-publicized the slogan of "applying the world", and their political ideals were very different from those of traditional Confucianism. At this time, the essence of "practical application" is to try to find a way to save the country and strengthen itself in the blending of traditional culture and western culture.