Official Ranks and Positions in Ancient China

Taste

Chinese Culture--Ancient Chinese Official Rank System

There were two types of official positions in the ancient Chinese official system: one had actual administrative functions, and the other represented the bureaucrat's high or low taste. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the forms and sources of the grades of taste, the number and types of official positions of taste have been complicated and varied from time to time, and each subtle change can reflect the relevant political changes, and the analysis of the reasons for this can show some important features of the ancient Chinese political system.

The titles of bureaucrats in the Qin and Han dynasties were quite concise, and most of them were just one official. Titles such as "General of the Grand Council of Ministers" were rare. But after the Han Dynasty is different, the bureaucratic titles are stacked on top of each other, such as "to make the section of the service in the governor of the South Xu Yan Yan North Xu South Yan Qing Ji six states of the military Hussar General Kai Fu Yitong San Si Record Shangshu thing South Xuzhou assassins Jingling □ Kai Guo Gong", "to make the section of the special advancement of the service in the lieutenant of the Lord of the Imperial Palace, Shangshu order all the governor of the Ji Ding Cang Ying Ying Ying Ying Yin and want to Yunshuo ten states of the military. The "Wanna Yunshuo ten states military Hussar General left Guanglu Da Daifu Kaifu Yitong three divisions and Wanna Fen Da Xing Tai Servant leading six states nine (big) chiefs Da Dudu scattered riding standing service Royal History Lieutenant leading about extra horse harnessed by the side of a team of the side of a team of the side of a team of a team of lieutenants of the South Zhao County open State Duke" and so on the bureaucratic knot title, see people dazzled.

Even if the Wei Jin after the official than the Qin Han can do, both rule ten posts after all barely. In fact, this heap of official title has a different nature, do not necessarily correspond to a job, many of them are used to increase the honor, increase the prestige and give treatment. For example, the "service center", "loose ride standing minister" is to add the number, plus the person can wear sable cicadas, much more elegant. The "special advancement" is also an additional title, which can be advanced to the three dukes of the three dukes during the court session. Add "open house Yi Tong three secretaries" can open the House, open call puisne, and enjoy the same etiquette as the three dukes. "Hussar General" is not a military position but a military rank, called "military rank" is only because of its name, military number only, civilian officials also commonly used "so-and-so general" to mark the rank. Scattered officials, "left light and Lu Daifu" is used to mark the civil rank, in the Northern Dynasties, the military position can also be obtained. In addition, the above title also includes the title, title and so on. At this time, the performance of bureaucrats may not be superior to the Qin and Han, can boast of the official number but colorful, a wide range.

In this way, it seems that in ancient China, there were at least two types of official positions in the structure of the category: one type of military, criminal, money and grain, supervision and selection of the actual administrative functions, and the other is mainly used to arrange the bureaucratic taste, belonging to the "taste of the category". The powers and responsibilities of the latter category of official titles were sometimes only in name, but they had a tasteful significance that could not be ignored: they were used to increase seniority, grant treatment, confirm rank, and provide a starting position or a ladder for moving to a new position, as well as to provide a candidate, store talent, or arrange for a redundant position. Many of the long list of official titles cited in the preceding paragraphs are of this type. Of course, between the functional and tasteful official positions, there are also a large number of functional, but also has a strong taste for the official.

The further development of tasteful official positions led to the formation of the loose rank system, which was particularly prominent in the Tang and Song dynasties. In the Tang system, for example, the civil and military scattered steps were composed of civil and military scattered officials. Civilian and military scattered steps are 29 steps, respectively, to "doctor", "Lang" or "general", "lieutenant" and so on as the name of the The name of these ranks was "Dafu", "Lang" or "General", "Captain", etc. People with a good knowledge of ancient history will know, these doctors, generals, etc. is no longer an official position, but only mark the rank of the rank number, as if the modern military rank. Scattered rank and the official rank is not consistent, for this also developed a "line", "keep" and other terms to regulate it. At the beginning of his career, the first thing an official gets is a loose rank; at the end of his term of office, the loose rank still maintains the rank of the official; when granting the rank of official, the loose rank is a factor that must be taken into account. There were a lot of treatments belonging to the loose rank, such as salary, giving fields and exemptions, penalties, class order, carriage, clothes, etc., in addition to the treatment involving the appointment to a post, title, set up a bridegroom's house, repair, funeral, posthumous and other aspects of the treatment. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the "Sending Luguan" was once a rank official. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the system of classification and advancement was so complicated that it made people dizzy.

Modern civil official hierarchy, according to the grade of taste and position, constitute two different types. The grade of the grade is for the personnel seniority grade of the grade, manifested as a followers of the rank; position of the grade is only for the position of power and responsibility to determine the remuneration, divided into grades, in addition to the other no official rank. The Tang and Song dynasties, "the system of separation of rank and position", is obviously a grade.

Traditional civil service hierarchy at first glance seems to be very simple: the Qin and Han Dynasties with "a number of stone" rank, Wei and Jin Dynasty with nine official, and so on. In fact, it is not. Rank or nine ranks is only a difference in grade, through the "taste - position" perspective, we can see much more. Both rank and duty officials use the nine grades to mark the high and low, but for the former, the nine grades is the personal rank; for the latter, the nine grades is the rank of the position, which should not be confused. Thus first, the height of the office itself constitutes the sequence; second, the height of the individual's rank constitutes yet another sequence.

If we continue from the "grade", there is a third, as the "grade" and the use of the various colors of the official name, title, title, part-time and so on, in fact, is also an important part of the hierarchy, often constitutes a clear, or ambiguous sequence, corresponding to the different status treatment. The fact is that it is also an important part of the hierarchy, often constituting a clear or vague sequence corresponding to different status treatments. There is also a fourth way in which the difference in rank itself may be used as a matter of taste. For example, in the Han Dynasty, some bureaucratic treatment gradually corresponded to the rank of the rank, such as 600 stone or more officials have the right to be exempted from military service, the right to "first request", more than two thousand stone officials have the right to appoint a son. Than the rights and interests are only linked to the specific position of the practice, the treatment according to the rank and set the color of the grade classification is a bit thick. Later generations, there are also a large number of bureaucratic privileges to the official for the difference. Qing dynasty "plus a certain grade title", "plus a certain grade service salary", and so on the official status itself with such as taste. In addition, there is a fifth, honored officials, knighthood rank is not official, but undoubtedly also has some kind of taste function.

These factors in the successive dynasties are colorful and intricately intertwined, and are constantly undergoing various variations, presenting different patterns. In the oracle bone inscriptions and gold inscriptions, the general situation is that one person has one official, so perhaps some people will use the "early features" to explain the simplicity of official titles in the Qin and Han dynasties. Bureaucratic transfer in the North and South Dynasties, you can sometimes see a variety of official titles rise and fall: a person to move a certain official step too big, slightly down another title to fine-tune, in order to more accurately confirm the rank of the bureaucrat. Ancient journal records, Yuan and Ming official titles have as many as 200 words. The evolution of the traditional arrangement of ranks and categories is reflected not only in the increasingly fine-grained division of functions, but also in the increasing complexity of the distribution of rights and interests and the setting of grades.

But it is not quite true to see the complication of grades as merely a linear process. For example, it may be considered that the Zhou officials have two basic official title, Sima, Sikou, the right division, the great history of course should be regarded as a job; and the later Confucian called "within the title" of the Secretary, the great masters, the Shi sequence, it seems to have a subordinate to the individual's "taste" meaning. The Zhou Rites clearly stipulates whether a certain official should use the middle or the lower doctor, or the upper or the lower sergeant. In the Shiqing Shilu aristocratic system, "within the title" grade depends first of all on the patriarchal status, all kinds of courtesy rights and interests are mostly attached to the title. This kind of "internal title" which is independent of official position can be regarded as the earliest grade in ancient China. As a governor, you are "two thousand stone", once dismissed, "two thousand stone" is not yours. The court did not keep the previous official salary for the officials after they left the post for some reasons, and it was not uncommon for them to be in a post lower than the original rank. For example, there was a county magistrate of 600 stone who, after resigning to mourn for his parents for three years, only managed to get a post of 100 stone in the state. It was not uncommon for a third official to be given a lower rank than his original one. If you have done before the three dukes, then do thousands of stone when the court more or less some preferential treatment, can give two thousand stone treatment, but still not up to the previous equivalent of "10,000 stone" level; but if the former official two thousand stone people do the shangshu order, on this little preferential treatment is not, can only be based on the rank of the new position of the thousands of stone. Nowadays, people often criticize the position can not be down, level can not be low, Qin and Han is not so. This is very much the meaning of job classification. That is to say, from the pre-Qin "internal title" to the Han Dynasty rank, the official system of taste factors tend to dilute for a while.

On the official system of the Han Dynasty: "From the point of view of the whole system, compared with the later generations, there are not many redundant officials, and each official is responsible for very specific tasks. ...... I am afraid that the small number of redundant officials is a manifestation of the development of the bureaucracy, but it is also a characteristic of the bureaucracy which is still in its early stage." The so-called "performance of the early stage" can be understood in a more positive way, apart from its simplicity and coarseness: bureaucratic organizations were always lean and effective at the time of their creation; thereafter, as time went by, aging, corruption and aristocratic factors gradually grew and accumulated, including redundant officials, complicated grades, and so on. The simplicity of the hierarchical management of the Qin and Han dynasties contains the roughness of the grassroots, but at the same time is concise and bright, full of new vitality; Tang and Song into the stream, step, grinding, changing the complexity of the procedures of the official of course, contains the system of the evolution of the system, but too much red tape, cumbersome and detailed, but also reflects the dynasty has to be for the distribution of privileges for bureaucrats to exhaustive thinking, this part of the affairs of the monstrous expansion of the open.

The Tang and Song dynasty's loose rank system, inherited from the system of Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties. Because of the scholarly clan clan politics east wind to send warmth, since the Wei and Jin dynasties in the official system of the taste factor of a hundred flowers to compete. The military position of "general" in the Qin and Han dynasties was soon transformed into a military rank. Various kinds of redundant officials, names and honorary titles have mushroomed. In the Han Dynasty, the official was not a fixed position, but often undertook temporary missions, and below the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was almost a redundant or honorary title. The functional significance of the Han Dynasty officials was also significantly diluted in this period. In the North and South Dynasties, a system of eastern and western provinces was formed, and the main function of the civil and military officials of the two provinces was to provide the first step to enter the civil service, move the ladder and use it as a title. In addition, the secretary of the writings of the officials, the East Palace attendants and government officials puisne, but also because of the leisurely nothing, mainly used to start a family to move and greatly "taste". In the famous nine products in the system, in the middle according to the grade depending on the grade, scholars in the beginning or even before, already have a kind of official qualifications as a "grade". All the related selections, including the distinction between the clear and the foul, between the scholar and the common people, between the civil and the military, and between the officials, were of a strong taste nature. In the later generations, a number of taste settings were developed during this period, such as the system of emphasizing the civil and the military, and the system of streaming in and out of the stream, and so on. The Tang Dynasty's civil and military dispersal rank came from the North and South Dynasties' civil and dispersal officials and generals, and with the East and West provinces dispersal officials were evolutionary relationship.

From the Tang and Song dynasties and the Ming and Qing dynasties, the turnaround happened again. The Ming dynasty of the scattered steps similar to the Tang and Song dynasty and has degenerated: the Tang dynasty is according to the door shade and awarded steps, according to the rank and awarded the official, the official position from the rank, or "rank" as the benchmark; Ming system is according to the official and awarded the steps, there is an official position to have the rank, the scattered steps through the stream and the examination of the full to be awarded, and according to the change of the job accordingly adjusted, and that's all. So scholars believe that the Ming dynasty loose rank is only a title of honor, no longer independent of the official. The Qing dynasty officials' rank treatment further tilted to the actual position, scattered steps system continue to dilute, simplify, and even mixed with the grant, the face is completely different.

It can be seen from this that the grades of taste and tasteful categories in the successive generations is not a straight line forward, but there are ups and downs of the peaks and valleys. The Zhou Dynasty's "internal title" can be regarded as the earliest grade classification, the Han Dynasty rank rank shows the distinctive characteristics of "attached to the position"; Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties "door products" and other systems, is undoubtedly a taste arrangement and grade class. Undoubtedly is the taste of the arrangement and taste of the official position of a peak, the Tang and Song rank official to carry on the rest of the line; Ming and Qing Dynasty, there is a return to the trend of job classification.

The peaks and valleys did not come without reason, and there must have been an inextricable link with the bureaucratic politics of each generation and the change of character of the bureaucratic group. This cannot but involve the issue of the different tendencies of the grading of taste and position. Scholars believe that the grading of taste is "human-centered", which helps to protect the bureaucrats' sense of stability and prevent them from losing their "rank" due to changes in their positions, while the grading of position is "task-centered", which reflects the relative stability of the bureaucratic community. The grading of posts was "work-centered", reflecting relative scientific and democratic nature, and ensuring efficiency and equal pay for equal work. Early history of the civil service system is generally characterized by grades, the more traditional society, the more importance of status, and "status" is a subordinate position. For example, the British civil service system was born earlier, so it adopted the law of grade separation, residual aristocratic color, and the modern American civil service system is quite different.

These two types of grading can be linked to the issue of bureaucratic "self-interested orientation" or "service orientation". In the case of "service orientation", bureaucrats had only a small degree of autonomy and room to expand their privileges, and the iron fist of the autocratic king forced them to become an effective tool for mobilizing resources, unifying the country, and suppressing resistance. In the case of "self-interested orientation", the bureaucrats' privileges are expanded, and they have more space to make their own personal gains; the bureaucratic posts are inflated while the efficiency is reduced; the bureaucrats regard the official positions as only a source of salary, and they "privatize" or even hereditaryize them, and they "aristocratize" themselves. The bureaucrats regard the official position only as a source of salary, "privatize" it, even hereditary, and "aristocratize" themselves. We assume that: the status-oriented, "people-centered" grading arrangement has a greater affinity with the bureaucrats' "self-interested orientation" or "aristocratic" tendency; the efficiency, The efficiency, "matter-centered" job classification, etc., with the bureaucratic "service orientation" is an intrinsic relationship.

Thus, the change of the official rank system through the ages: the Zhou Dynasty officials of the Qing Dynasty, the great doctor, the grade of the scholar, and so on, with its feudal aristocracy at the time of politics. The warring states sharp bureaucratic system caused by the identity system of the break, the Qin and Han tough imperial power "to rule the world", or the image of the "mandarin" for the hundreds of officials qualitative positioning, accordingly, the rank level of the rank will be presented subordinate to the position of the strong color. The bureaucratic class since the Wei and Jin dynasties has been greatly "scholarly", corresponding to the politics of the scholarly clans, and the taste factor in the hierarchy of this period was the highest in the imperial era. Tang and Song developed the scattered rank system, on the one hand, the influence of the previous era remains, the classification of rank, "all to the door shade knot product"; at the same time, "labor examination into the classification" system and show that it has returned to the bureaucratic politics within the scope of the. As in the Ming and Qing dynasties to the job classification of a certain return, and scholars say that this period of "autocratic imperial power highly strengthened", "the status of bureaucratic legal privilege is reduced", should be said to be directly related.

The above description of the change of the taste system in the past generations is only a very rough outline; in addition to the above summarized five types of taste arrangements, certainly can find more taste factors. The forms and origins of the grades of taste, and the number and types of official positions of taste in the past dynasties were complicated, intricate, and varied from time to time, and each subtle change could reflect the relevant political changes; analyzing the cause and effect between them, some important aspects of the ancient Chinese political system could be revealed. The study of the official system from the viewpoint of character is of equal significance to the study of the official system from the viewpoint of function.

The system of nine grades is also known as the law of nine grades of officials. It was proposed by Chen Qun, the minister of the Ministry of Revenue, after the establishment of Cao Wei. Its main content is that in each state and county to select "virtuous and insightful" officials as "Zhongzheng", visit and evaluate the state and county people, divided them into the upper, upper middle, upper and lower, upper middle, middle, middle, middle, lower, lower, lower middle, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower and lower, lower and lower, lower and lower, lower and lower. This system was used throughout the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties to select officials.

Under the bureaucratic hierarchy of the Tang Dynasty, outside of the civil service officials, there existed a sequence of civil and military loose ranks, which were composed of civil and military loose ranks, and were called "loose ranks", "principal ranks", or "principal ranks". ". The civil and military dispersed official a **** there are 29 orders. The opening of the government Yi Tong San Si residence from the first grade, special into the residence of the second grade; since the second grade to from the fifth grade under the 11 number are to "doctor" for the name, respectively, is a doctor of light, gold and purple doctor of light and light, silver and green doctor of light and light, is discussing the doctor, through the discussion of the doctor, too in the doctor, in the doctor, the middle of the doctor, the middle of the bulk of the doctor, the court discussion of the director, the dynasty of the director of the invitation, the dynasty of the director of the bulk of the doctor; from the sixth grade on the From the top of the sixth rank to the bottom of the ninth rank, they were Chaoxilang, Chengxilang, Fengxilang, Tongzhilang, Chaoxilang, Xuandeilang, Chaoxilang, Xuanyilang, Zhisilang, Zhengzilang, Chengfenglang, Chengmulang, Rulinlang, Dengshilang, Wenlinlang, and Shuangshilang. There were also 29 ranks of military officials. From the first rank to the third rank, they were Hussar General, Auxiliary General, Zhenjun General, and Champion General; from the third rank to the fifth rank, they were General Yunhui, General Zhongwu, General Zhuangwu, General Xuanwei, General Mingwei, General Dingyuan, General Ningyuan, General Rangers, and General Guerilla; from the sixth rank to the ninth rank, the upper rank was the lieutenant, and the lower rank was the sub-lieutenant, which were respectively the lieutenant of Zhaowu, the deputy lieutenant of Zhaowu, the deputy lieutenant of Zhenwei, the deputy lieutenant of Zhenwei, and the deputy lieutenant of Zhenwu. School Lieutenant, Zhenwei Vice Lieutenant, Zhenwu Vice Lieutenant, Zhiguo School Lieutenant, Zhiguo Vice Lieutenant, Yihi School Lieutenant, Yihi Vice Lieutenant, Xuanjie School Lieutenant, Xuanjie Vice Lieutenant, Yixing School Lieutenant, Yixing Vice Lieutenant, Renyong School Lieutenant, Renyong Vice Lieutenant, accompanied by the Rong School Lieutenant, accompanied by the Rong Vice Lieutenant. Bai Juyi's "Light Fat" has the sentence, "Zhu sash are all daffodils, purple ribbons or generals." According to the Tang system, the fourth and fifth-grade officials in scarlet, the second and third-grade officials wearing purple ribbons, "doctor" and "general" are in terms of loose rank.

The official division of the difference, said the province, said Taiwan, said the temple, said the supervisor, said the guard, said the House, the system of its subordinates, in order to position itself in the position

Qing divided into nine products, each product has a positive, from the point of view of the **** eighteen levels.

The first grade - (Wen) master, too much, too much, too much, university scholar. (Wu) lead the guards of the Minister of the Interior.

From the first rank - (Wen) Shao Shi, Shao Fu, Shao Bao, Crown Prince, Crown Prince, Crown Prince, Crown Prince, Crown Prince, Governor-Generals, Ministers of Ministries and Courts, the Right Imperial Household of the Metropolitan Police, and the Left Imperial Household of the Metropolitan Police. (Martial) generals, capitals, and governors.

Former Second Grade - (Wen) Crown Prince Shao Shi, Crown Prince Shao Fu, Crown Prince Shao Bao, governors of provinces, left and right ministers of the courts of various ministries. (Wu) Vice-captains, general soldiers.

Subordinate second rank - (Wen) governor of each province, cabinet ministers, Hanlin Academy masters, ministers of each province. (Military) Vice General.

From the third rank - (Wen) Right Vice-Minister of Defense, Left Vice-Minister of Defense, General Secretary of the Department of General Affairs, Secretary of the Da Lisi, Minister of Zhanzhi, Secretary of the Taishang Temple, Prefect of Shuntian Province, Prefect of Fengtian Province, Minister of Justice of the Provinces. (Wu) generals.

From the third rank - (civil) Minister of the Guanglu Temple, Minister of the Taishang Temple, Minister of Salt Transportation in each province. (Military) Guerilla.

Fourth grade - (Wen) Deputy Minister of General Affairs, Junior Secretary of Da Lisi, Junior Secretary of Zhanzhi, Junior Secretary of Taishang Temple, Secretary of Honglu Temple, Junior Secretary of Taibu Temple, and provincial Taoist officers. （The government is also responsible for the implementation of the "Crown Prince" program, which is the first of its kind in the country.

From the fourth rank - (Wen) Hanlin Academy, the ministers of the Academy, the ministers of the Academy, the ministers of the Cabinet, and the governors of the provinces. (Wu) City Gate Leader

Fifth grade - (Wen) left and right Chunfang left and right commoner son, the young secretary of the Guanglu Temple, Chintian Supervisory Supervisory Supervisory Zheng, six sections of the Gouzhi Zhong, the ministries and courts of the langzhong, the prefectures with the same knowledge, the state governors of the state directly under the state. （The (martial) guards.

From the fifth rank - (Wen) Honglu Temple young secretary, each road supervision royal historian, Hanlin Academy readers, each ministry ministers, each province governor. (Wu) The Imperial Guard's general manager. (Martial arts) door thousand generals, battalion thousand generals.

From the sixth rank - (Wen) the left and right Chunfang left and right Zanshan, Hanlin Academy Cultivation, Guanglu Temple Agency, Zhili Prefecture Tong, Prefecture Tong. (Wu) Department of thousand general.

Seventh grade - (Wen) Hanlin Academy compiler, the various ministries and courts of the seventh grade pen, Shuntian prefectural school professors, training guide, Beijing county chancellor outside the county, the prefectural school professors. (Wu) general.

From the seventh grade - (Wen) Hanlin Academy review, Zhongshu Section Zhongshu, Cabinet Zhongshu, Dr. Guozijian, Zhili Prefecture Judge, Prefecture Judge. (Wu) Shengjing nomadic deputy lieutenant.

Former Eighth Grade - (Wen) Imperial physician of the Imperial Hospital, the eighth grade of the Ministry of Courts of Justice, the experience of the Foreign Ministry, the county minister of the Foreign County, the state school director, the county oracle. (Wu) foreign committees of the thousand generals.

From the eighth grade - (Wen) Hanlin Academy, prefecture, state and county instructors. (Wu) Commissioned primus.

The ninth grade - (Wen) the Ministry of the House of the ninth grade, the county chief. (Wu) outside the commission of the general.

From the ninth grade - (Wen) Hanlin Academy, Xing Ministry of Prisons, state officials, inspectors. (Wu) Additional foreign commissions.

Under-ranked - (Wen) Beijing and extra-county ministers, postmasters, and officers of river and moorings (military officers are not under-ranked).

Here, tai shi, tai fu, tai bao ...... is only an honorary addition to a minister's title, or a gift given after death. The right imperial governor is the added title of the governor; the right deputy imperial governor is the added title of the governor; the governor and the governor are the highest local officials, doubling as the title of the imperial governor, they can have the right of impeachment. These were empty titles rather than real positions.

Positive first grade: the state level

Civilian Beijing officials: tai shi, tai fu, tai pao, honorary official positions, equivalent to the National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and so on, the temple court undergraduates Politburo Standing Committee

Civilian foreign officials: none

Military Beijing officials: leading guards within the minister of the Beijing military region commander, the minister in charge of Luangyi guards, the central authorities of the Bureau of Things, the Secretary of Security

Military external officials: None

From the first rank: the state level minus

Civilian Beijing officials: the young master, the young master, the young guard, the crown prince, the crown prince, the crown prince, the crown prince, honorary official positions, equivalent to the National People's Congress, the CPPCC and so on, deputy

Associate University of the Politburo member, the Minister of the Ministries of the House of Shangshu Vice Premier and Minister, the Inspectorates of the left and right inspector of the Imperial Household of Ministers, Secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection and the supreme inspector

Civilian external official : None

Military Beijing officials: Governor of the Nine Gates of Foot Patrol five battalion commander of the Beijing Garrison District Commander and head of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Minister of the Interior

Military foreign officials: General Eight Banners Army Grand Military District Commander, the capital of the capital of the eight banners army of the Tutelage and accompanying the capital of the military district commander, the Governor of the Green Battalion Military District Commander

Positive second grade: Vice State

Civilian Beijing officials: the Prince of the Young Masters, the Crown Prince of the Young Masters, the Prince of the Shao Bao honorary title, equivalent to the President of the General Federation of Trade Unions, the right and left ministers of the various ministries of the State Councilor and Vice Minister of the State Councilor and Vice Minister of the Ministry of the Interior General Manager of the Central Office

Civilian foreign officials: provincial governors of the regional secretary, such as the former Northeast Bureau, North China Bureau

Martial capital officials: left and right wing vanguard battalion commander of the Central Police Corps Commander, eight banners of the guards of the Army Commander, the Luangyi to make the Central Ceremonial Corps

Martial Foreign officials: deputy capital, the commander of the General Army Green Battalion Group Army

from the second rank: ministry

civilian Beijing officials: Cabinet Bachelor of State Councilor, Hanlin Academy of Palm Academy President of the Academy of Social Sciences

civilian Foreign Officials: the Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the governor, the Buzhengji Department of the Buzhengji Province

martial Beijing officials: the Minister of the loose rank

martial Foreign Officials: Vice General

positive three grades : Vice Minister

Civilian Beijing officials: Deputy Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Committee of the Inspectorate of the Imperial Household, Chancellor of the Imperial Household, Director of the Office of Letters and Visits of the Imperial Household in the General Administration Department, President of the Supreme Court of the Secretary of the Da Lisi, Zhanzhi Zhanzhi, and Secretary of the Taishang Temple

Civilian Foreign Officials: Mayor of Beijing in the Shuntian prefectural government, Head of the Municipal Government in Fengtian prefectural government, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Committee of the Press Council Department in the press council

Warrior Beijing Officials: First-class guards Military officials: the coat guards, the coat primates, the king's first-class guards

Military officials: guerrillas, the five banners of the Senate, the co-leaders, Xuanwuzhi, commanding the Tongzhi

fourth grade: hall plus

Civilian officials: Deputy Secretary of the Department of Tongzhi Deputy Secretary of the Central Office of Letters and Visits, the Dali Temple, Deputy President of the Supreme Court, Zhanzhengfu Junjianzhi, the Taichang Temple, Taibushi Temple, Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Hongluji, the Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Honglu Temple Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Inspectorate of the six sections of the Palace of the House of Ministers

Beijing officials: Shuntian Prefecture Minister Deputy Mayor of Beijing, Fengtian Prefecture Minister Deputy Mayor of the Municipality of municipal government, the provinces to guard the inspector of the local party committee secretary

Weaponry Beijing officials: the second class of the guards, the cloud banner, deputy military guards, deputy vanguard of the leader, deputy primus leader

Taibao Temple, the horse factory, the camel factory, the chief of the Beileu House of the Chief of Ceremonies, the guards

Military officials: defense Lieutenant, ZuoLiang, DuSi, Command Commander, XuanWuZhenShi TongZhi

from the fourth grade: hall

Civilian Beijing officials: Cabinet readers, HanLinYuan readers, HanLinYuan lecturers, the State ZiYuan priest central party school

Civilian officials: ZhiFu municipal Party committee secretary, the earth ZhiFu autonomy municipal Party committee secretary, the Salt Transportation Division with the transport

Beijing officials in the military: the city gate leader, the deputy guards of the packet collar, the deputy primus collar of the packet collar, the packet collar,

fourth-grade ceremony, the second-class guard

Military officials: the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Secretary of the Treasury.

Civilian foreign officials: Tongzhi, Tu Tongzhi, Zhili Prefecture governor

Martial Beijing officials: third-class guards, rule Yi Zheng, infantry deputy lieutenant, infantry school, supervisory letter to the official, the subdividing of Zuozhi

Martial foreign officials: pass guards, defense, guard, the commander of the Division of the Xuanwei, the Division of the Xuanfu with the governor

Martial foreign officials: pass guards, defense, guard, the Division of the Xuanwei Commander, the Division of the Xuanfu with the governor

Martial Beijing officials: the Division of the Xuanfu Commander,

From the fifth rank: deputy hall plus

Civilian Beijing officials: Hanlin Academy readers, Hanlin Academy lecturers, Honglu Temple young secretary, the Secretary of the Bureau of Scripture washer horse

Subdirector of the Office of the Patriarchate, the Royal Envoy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Civilian Beijing officials: the governor of the prefectures directly under the jurisdiction of the county clerk, the governor of the soil, the deputy ambassador to the Department of Salt Transportation, Salt Currency Cumulative Department of the Cumulative Division

Martial Beijing officials: the fourth grade of the guard, commissioned the vanguard of the Senate, the subdirectorate of the Secretary of the Ministry

Warriors Beijing official: fourth grade of the guards

Beijing officials in the military: the commission of the vanguard senator, the commission of the military guard senator, the commission of the bird gun military guard senator,

commission of the vanguard guards, under the five banners, the five banners of the coat senator, the fifth rank of the ceremonial instrument, the seal of the Chapter of the King,

third rank guard

Military foreign officials: the guard of the Imperial Households of a thousand generals, the river battalions of the co-guardian, the pacifier, the envoys, the deputy envoy of the Department of the Missionary Generals,

Deputy thousand households

positive sixth rank: Deputy Office minus

Civilian Beijing officials: Cabinet readers, the right and left Chunfang Zhongyun, the State Prince's Prison Secretary, the Hall Master, the Master,

Duzhaoyuan Duzhi, experience, the right and left temple ministers of the Dali Temple, the experience of the Zongrenwu,

Manhan and Han temple ministers of the Taishang Temple, the supervisor of the Chintian Supervisory Bureau, the Chintian Supervisory Bureau of the Han Chunxiazhongqiuwang Wujianguzheng (Five Officials of the Han Chunxiaxiazhongqiuwu, Zhou and Dong Dynasties),

Shenliao Agency Zhengzheng (Minister of Divine Bliss), the left and right good ministers of the Monks' Records Division, and the Dao Records Division

Civilian officials: Beijing prefectural magistrates, Beijing county magistrates, general magistrates, earth magistrates

Military Beijing officials: Lanling guards, the whole Yiwei, the military school, the vanguard school, the military school, the bird gun military school,

Primary Cavalry School, the Commissioned Infantry School

Warrior officials: the door commander, battalion commander, commander of the Pacification Envoys Department, the Pacification Envoys Department, the vice-advocacy envoys

Military officials: the chief of gate, the camp, the commander of the Pacification Envoys Department, the deputy envoys

Governor make, governor, a hundred households

from the sixth rank: the county level plus

civilian Beijing officials: around the Spring Square Zanshan, Hanlin Academy Cultivation, the Guanglu Temple Agency,

Qintian Supervision of the Manchurian-Mongolian five officials, the Han army of the Autumn Officials, the Harmonious Agency,

Sinisters Records Division of the left and right explication of the teachings of the Dao Records Division of the left and right to perform the method

civilian foreign officials: the Chief Secretary to experience, the Riqi, Experienced, governor, Taishang Temple canonical records, Taiservant Temple, the main thin,

Department of Temple Treasurer, Deputy Commander of the Department of Military and Horse Division, Taishang Temple Manchurian read Zhu official, Zanliang,

Honglu Temple Manchurian Mingzhan

Civilian foreign officials: Beijing County Chancellor Capital County Deputy Governor, Shuntian Province Manchurian Professor, training, county party secretary of the county, according to the Department of the experience of the Professor of

Martial Positions of the capital government: the history of the city gate, The Imperial Household Temple horse factory co-chief

Military foreign officials: generals, Commander of the Pacification Command, Deputy Governor of the Governor's Department

From the seventh grade: Deputy Division

Managerial Beijing officials: Hanlin Academy review, Luanyiwei experience, Zhongshu Section of the Central Book of the Central Book of the Cabinet, the Cabinet of the Central Book, Zhanzheng House, the chief of the book,

Guanglu Temple, the Minister of the Department of the Dengbu, Dr. Guozijian, Assistant Professor, the Imperial College of the Qintian Temple Lingdian Lang,

Sacrifice The official of the Beijing government: the experience of the Beijing government, the chief minister, the experience of the Salt Transportation Department, the judge of Zhili Prefecture, the judge of the Prefecture, the judge of Tuju Prefecture

Martial Beijing government: the seventh grade of the ceremony

Martial Beijing government: the deputy lieutenant of the Shengjing Nomad

The eighth grade: the grade of the department

Civilian Beijing government: the secretary of the Ministry of Culture, the doctor of Five Classics, the head of the State Zi Juan, the school record, the Qin Tian Jiao (the Qin Heavenly Jail), the head of the State Zi Jiao (the Qin Heavenly Jail), the head of the State Zi Jiao, the head of the State Zi Jiao (the Qin Heavenly Jail)

Civilian officials: the Chief Secretary, the ambassador of the Salt Transportation Department, the ambassador of the Salt Road Department, the ambassador of the Salt Inspection Department, the governor of the Ministry of Justice, the governor of the prefecture, the county minister, the prefectural minister, the prefectural minister of the county of Shih, the prefectural minister of the prefecture, the prefectural minister of the state, and the prefectural minister of the state

Shih's school, the prefectural school, and the prefectural minister of the state

Shih's school, the prefectural school, the prefectural school, the prefectural school, the prefectural school, the prefectural school, the prefectural school, the prefectural school, the prefectural school, and the prefectural school.

Martial Beijing officials: none

Martial foreign officials: foreign commissioners

From the eighth grade: deputy section

Civilian Beijing officials: Hanlin Yuan Dibi, the Imperial College of the Imperial College of the People's Republic of China Dibi, the Honglu Temple Lord Dibi, the Chintian Supervisor Saikouzheng,

Sacrificial Department of the sacrificial chancellors, the Department of Divine Music chancellors, the Monk Records Division of the right and left Jueyi, the Department of the Road Records of the right and left to the righteous

Civilian foreign official: The Chief Secretary, the governor of the Salt Transportation Department, and the trainer

Beijing officials in the military service: the eighth grade, the commissioned pro-military school, the commissioned vanguard school, the commissioned military protection school, and the commissioned primus school

Outside officials in the military service: none

The nine grades: the grade of the unit

Beijing officials in the civil service: the ambassador of the Ministry of Rites in four translations and the hall of the same hall, the supervisor of the Chintian Supervisory Bureau, the Secretary of the Department of the Ministry of Rites, and the Han Zanlilang of the Taichang Temple

Outside officials in the civil service: The police inspector general, prefectural governor, Tongzhi governor, Tongzhi governor, county chief

Martial Beijing officials: battalion Lan Ling long

Martial foreign officials: foreign commission general

from the ninth grade: deputy rank

Civilian Beijing officials: Hanlin Academy service edict, the Manchurian Kongmu, the Ministry of Rites, four translations of the same official order class, the Imperial College of the National Academy of Sciences,

Honglu Temple, the Han Mingzan, order class, the Ministry of Justice, the Secretary of the prison, the Qin Tianjuan Si Chen, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of the People's Government of the People's Republic of China. The Ministry of Justice, the Qin Tian Jian Si Chen, Dr.

Tai Hospital officials, the Taishang Temple Si Le, the Ministry of Public Works, the Ministry of Art and Industry, the Ministry of Culture

Civilian foreign officials; Prefectural Department of the Zhaomu, the state officials, the Road Treasury Ambassador, Xuanzuzi Ambassador, the Prefectural Department of the Ambassador of the Taxation Department,

Department of Justice Department of the Prison, the Department of Justice Department of the Warehouse Ambassador, the Inspector, the land inspectors

Martial Peking official: the Taishi Temple of the Horse Factory Commission Office of the Deputy Director

Weaponry foreign officials

Martial Peking official

Civilian Beijing officials: the Hanlin Academy, the Treasury of the Duzha Academy, the ambassador of the Ministry of Rites and Seal Casting Bureau, the official of the Military Horse Department,

the deputy ambassador of Chongwenmen

Civilian Beijing officials: the canonical historian, the earth canonical historian, the ambassador of the Customs and Excise, the government inspector, the official of the Prefect's Department, the ambassador of the Tea Leaders Batching and Inspection Institute,

the ambassador of the Salt and Tea, the postmaster, the postmaster of the earth, River and moat officials, order officials, ambassadors of provincial warehouses

Military Beijing officials: none

Military foreign officials: Baichang, Tushe, Tuimei

References:

/novel/16182.html