Rural pension insurance system development

The new rural social pension insurance is a social pension insurance system organized and implemented by the government for the purpose of guaranteeing the basic life of rural residents in their old age. This paper explores the policy support, financing mechanism, coverage and treatment level of the new rural pension insurance system in Anhui Province, points out the problems of the new rural pension insurance system in Anhui Province, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, aiming to provide some references for the development of the new rural pension insurance system in Anhui Province, and to provide relevant experience for the development of the rural old-age maintenance system in other regions.

Keywords:

New Rural Pension Insurance; Population Aging; Pension Insurance Pilot

With the aging of China's population, the problem of pension security is gradually being paid attention to, according to the data of the Sixth National Population Census, the rate of the population of 60 years of age and above is 13.26%, which is 2.93% higher than that in the 2000 census. Among them, 8.87% are aged 65 and above, up 1.91% from the 2000 census. Changes in the age structure of China's population have shown that, with the country's rapid economic and social development, the standard of living of its people, and the continuous improvement of medical care, sanitation and health care, the fertility rate has been maintained at a relatively low level, while the process of population ageing has been gradually accelerating. From a general point of view, it will develop rapidly from 2011 to 2020, climb upward from 2021 to 2040, and will remain high from 2040 to 2060. Therefore, it is imperative to further accelerate the improvement of the pension security system.

1 Anhui new rural pension insurance current research background

1.1 Anhui rural population aging situation from the data can be seen, Anhui province at present the situation of population aging is very serious. First of all, the aging population is growing rapidly, in the sixth population census, the population over 65 years of age in Anhui province has reached 6.057 million, accounting for 10.18% of the province's population, compared with the fifth population census in 2000, an increase of 2.73%. Secondly, the aging of the rural population is much higher than the urban level; in 2005, the rural population accounted for 66.5% of the province's population, while the rural elderly population accounted for 76.5% of the province's elderly population. Finally, as the material needs of life grow, the rural labor force is constantly shifting, causing the proportion of the rural elderly population to rise. According to the data from the 2006 Population Sample Survey, the number of migrants who have been living in Anhui Province for more than half a year across townships and villages accounts for more than 20.9% of the household population, with an absolute amount of more than 13 million people. Therefore, it can be seen that the trend of population aging in Anhui is very serious.

1.2 In recent years, Anhui rural pension insurance to promote the process of Anhui rural pension insurance since August 2000 by the civil affairs department into the labor security department, the province at all levels of labor security departments closely around the construction of a new socialist countryside and in the construction of a socialist and harmonious society under the general theme, a steady and steady, and actively promote the work of the new type of rural pension insurance work. in 2005, the The Anhui provincial government issued the Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Employment and Social Security for Expropriated Land Farmers, and required the province to realize full coverage of the pension insurance system for expropriated land farmers within a three-year period. It is stipulated that from August 1, 2007 onwards, the labor and security departments shall strictly audit the social security work of the expropriated farmers to ensure the implementation of the system. At present, in the province has been the basic actual implementation of the requisitioned land farmers' pension security system.

1.3 Pilot work of a series of results (1) in the main grain-producing areas on the implementation of the "food for security", based on the actual situation of the farmers' low cash income, direct subsidies to the farmers, to take the "state to make up for a little, the farmers pay a little! The method of "the state makes up a little, the farmers pay a little" is used to raise funds for pension insurance, which opens up a new way of thinking and a new way of establishing a new type of rural pension insurance system. Since the purchase and sale of grain is operated on a market basis, farmers have more voluntarily adopted the "grain subsidy funds for security" approach. The previous problem of difficulty in selling grain has been solved. (2) Pension insurance for rural family planning recipients has been universally established, and all pilot areas have introduced provisions for one-child and two-female households to pay pension insurance, organically combining the work of rural pension insurance and rural family planning, and playing a mutually reinforcing role. (3) Some progress has been made in old-age insurance for migrant workers; first, an awareness of old-age insurance has been established in terms of concepts. Secondly, it has also laid the economic foundation for young and middle-aged laborers working outside the country to participate in the pension insurance system. As a result, many people have returned to their hometowns to participate in agricultural insurance and accumulate pension funds, and some migrant workers have even transferred the premiums they have paid for insurance outside their hometowns.

2 Anhui new rural pension insurance problems

2.1 system imperfections (1) lower level of protection starting point, Anhui Province, "Implementation Opinions" stipulates that the pilot counties and municipalities of the new rural insurance system of the insured person can obtain the provincial level, as well as the pilot area of the financial subsidy of 30 yuan, the individual account of the pension contribution standard for the annual 100 yuan to 500 yuan in five grades, the pilot counties, City can be adjusted according to the local actual situation. Individual contribution standards, the implementation of the incentive to pay more, the implementation of more contributions to benefit more, to 100 yuan as the basis for contributions, when the full 15 years of contributions, each additional year plus 1% of the basic pension, up to a maximum of 10%, 500 yuan or more is no longer rewarded, i.e., an increase of 5 yuan for each grade, the maximum of no more than 20 yuan. (2) The financial input is too low, so that industry can not feed agriculture, not enough support for the rural areas, not only affect the farmers' enthusiasm for this, but also suppressed the new rural pension insurance protection level. (3) The low level of contributions and virtual subsidies, on the one hand, due to the farmers' own cultural level and conceptual limitations; on the other hand, due to the low level of income, so that the level of contributions has been inhibited. At the same time, from the operational level, the lack of collective subsidies to run the mechanism of farmers' pension insurance financing mechanism has become a model of government subsidies, personal contributions.

2.2 Inadequacy of the institutional platform (1) As far as the current situation is concerned, although the agricultural insurance institutional platforms of some cities, districts, townships and villages in Anhui Province have been established, they are not sound enough. Due to the insufficiency of the number of personnel, low comprehensive quality and work funding and other issues, resulting in a more serious phenomenon of personnel loss. With the gradual coverage of the new rural insurance, the quality of the previous personnel has been difficult to adapt to the requirements of urban and rural development, and there is a general phenomenon of excessive age, low business level and lack of computer operation skills, making the healthy and steady development of the new rural insurance is not effectively guaranteed. (2) The construction of the information system is slow, the new rural insurance as a national policy in China, the need to maintain a high degree of consistency in the operation and implementation methods during the pilot period, and the software system as well. Due to the lag in the construction of the new rural insurance information system at the national and provincial levels, in order to cope with the assessment, each advocated in the early stage, making the construction of the system very inconsistent, thus resulting in a waste of human and material resources and time. The distributed construction of the information system leads to a large amount of wasted funds and human resources, and also brings trouble to the transfer and handover of work afterward.

2.3 There are more obstacles in the operating environment (1) the weak awareness of farmers, due to the limitations of cultural level and the deep-rooted traditional concept of old-age pension, the level of awareness is low, in the absence of perfect publicity work on the premise of the lag in awareness leads to lag in action. (2) the government's excessive financial pressure, the new rural insurance in December 2009 officially launched, the central financial advance allocation of 81.35 million yuan, the provincial and county supporting funds for 108 million yuan. 2010, the central financial transfer payment of 790 million yuan, the provincial and county supporting funds amounted to 218 million yuan. Provincial budget coverage grew rapidly from 26% to 60%, and was fully covered in 2012. During this period, as the coverage area continued to expand, the participation rate continued to rise, and the number of pensioners continued to increase, the demand for related matching funds also continued to grow. Influenced by the external environment and in order to safeguard the implementation of other policies, the contradiction between revenues and expenditures has become more and more prominent, and the financial pressure has also increased. (3) Rural economic foundation is relatively weak, in 2010, Anhui rural residents per capita income of 5,285 yuan, in the country only ranked 18th, compared with the national 5,919 yuan there is still a certain gap. Due to the limitations of income, property income and wage income and uncertainty, old-age security problems remain prominent, an important reason lies in the weak economic foundation.

3 Suggestions and Countermeasures for the Improvement of the New Rural Pension Insurance in Anhui

3.1 Strengthening the Government's Responsibility The pension insurance system is the basic requirement for maintaining social fairness and justice. When the social and economic development, the country continues to grow, so that farmers and urban citizens enjoy the same social security treatment is the responsibility of the government should assume. Nowadays, the Party Central Committee's "13th Five-Year Plan" puts forward the requirements for significant progress in agricultural modernization, the general improvement of people's living standards and quality of life, China's rural poor under the current standards to achieve poverty eradication, poverty in all counties, to solve the overall regional poverty, so that the quality of the national people and the civilization of the society has improved significantly. In front of the new rural pension insurance system, Anhui's "13th Five-Year Plan" also needs to follow the pace of the central government. However, the current level of farmers' income in Anhui is relatively low, and is in the middle and lower reaches of the country. To promote economic development, not only to strive to achieve farmers' income, but also to explore the potential of rural consumption. The inadequacy of the social security system will bring a lot of worries to farmers and limit the growth of rural consumption demand. Therefore, it is important to recognize the great significance of the construction of rural pension insurance mainly from the political and economic aspects, and to change the long-existing concept of emphasizing urban areas over rural areas, so as to change the practice. By mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to improve the level of old-age security, to achieve the construction of the social security system, economic construction and social construction **** win.

3.2 Increase the level of government subsidies "Social Insurance Law" Article 20 provides that "the state establishes and improves the new type of rural pension insurance system", but for the government in the area of financial input but did not do a clear requirement, the "Guidance" stipulates that the state in due course to increase the basic pension, but how to financial support The lack of specific regulations has had a great impact on the central and local financial budgets, leading to excessive investment in the new rural insurance. Due to the national situation, the government's traditional consciousness and the assessment mechanism designed according to the template, resulting in fiscal expenditure biased in the direction of GDP development, so the investment in rural pension insurance remains insufficient. As an important part of a country's social security system, the government needs to play its leading role as the main provider of the system. Relevant data also shows that the rural pension insurance system in China's national conditions can only get the momentum of sustainable development by combining with government subsidies. First of all, increase the investment in rural pension insurance, gradually reduce the proportion of individual contributions, by returning a large amount of profits extracted from agriculture to farmers in the form of insurance premiums, and at the same time establish a relevant fund to reduce the subsidy differences in each region. Secondly, reforming the fiscal, financial and taxation systems, changing the original model, and increasing fiscal revenues in order to change the structure of fiscal expenditures and prioritize livelihood issues. Finally, to enhance the budgeting, to ensure the transparency and strength of the implementation, reduce costs to ensure that the funds are used on the knife edge.

3.3 Strengthen the policy propaganda and supervision in the current national conditions, farmers can receive limited knowledge education, many farmers do not have a very clear understanding of the new rural insurance. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in the new rural insurance, and endeavor to improve the farmers' awareness of self-protection so that they can understand and support it, which is of great significance to the establishment and improvement of the new rural pension insurance system in China. In addition, it is even more important to establish and improve the internal supervision system and the audit system of the fund, standardize the operation behavior of each department, and disclose the use of relevant funds at any time, so as to be open and transparent.

4 Conclusion

As a large agricultural province in China, Anhui has uneven levels of urban and rural development, and huge differences in the economic level between regions, which brings about the uneven level of farmers' income. The new rural pension insurance in Anhui Province has gradually become a multi-level system due to the uneven investment of local governments. This paper analyzes the economic and social characteristics of Anhui Province, and based on relevant data and a series of policies adopted by the state in the current context, concludes that there are some problems in the design, implementation and operating environment of the new rural pension insurance system in Anhui. And by strengthening the government's role, improving and establishing relevant mechanisms, and increasing the level of government subsidies to the security system, in order to reduce the differences between rural areas, and thus reduce the differences between urban and rural pension security level. This is a long and complex process that requires not only government support, leadership and promotion, but also the efforts of every farmer.

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