The origin of books

As early as more than 3,000 years ago, at the end of Yin Dynasty, there were books of good and bad luck. At that time, before the invention of paper, people used local materials to record tortoise shells and animal bones, and carved the contents of divination on tortoise shells or animal bones. This is the earliest book-Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

The earliest books in China are Jane Eyre, Bandu and Silk Book. Made of bamboo is called simple strategy. Break the bamboo tube into narrow and flat sub-marks. You can write on it with a pen and use it as paper. One bamboo stick is called "Jane", and many bamboo sticks are called "strategy" together. "Simple strategy" first appeared in the middle of the Southern Dynasties.

Books made of wood are called editions. Saw the tree into several sections, and then saw several sections into thin slices. This is called "version". After writing it on the "version", it is called copying. Weaving the sheets together is the "version". Silk Book is a book written on silk fabrics.

1993 10, Guodian bamboo slips were unearthed from No.1 Chu Tomb in Jishan Town, Shayang County. This is a sensational archaeological discovery all over the world.

Guodian bamboo slips are the earliest original books found in the world so far. ***804 pieces, including 726 letters with more than 13000 words. According to the textual research of ancient experts, Guodian bamboo slips are all 18 ancient books in the pre-Qin period. Its content is the works of Confucianism and Taoism. Taoist works include Laozi (A, B, C) and Taiyi Shengshui, while Confucian works include The Book of Changes, Lumu Guanzi IV, Poor Reaching Time, Five Elements, Tang Yu's Way, Loyalty, Learning from the Classics and Respecting Virtue. As we all know, Qin Shihuang's policy of burning books and burying Confucianism destroyed a lot of academic classics in the pre-Qin period. Before that, Guodian bamboo slips were buried deep underground, which escaped this disaster and was able to see the light of day again.

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Three thousand years ago, in the Shang Dynasty, there were the earliest physical books-documents engraved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions, books engraved (cast) on bronzes-bronze inscriptions and books engraved on stone drums-Shi Guwen. The official books in our country are wooden slips or bamboo slips made of bamboo pieces and boards. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, people wrote on silk books, which were called silk books. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun invented a light and cheap material-paper. From the 6th century to the 8th century, movable type printing was invented in Bi Sheng, and books bound with paper appeared. There are also books with lithographs in modern times, and books with printing are mainly used in modern times. At present, some countries in the world have realized the electronic storage of books and materials.

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Regardless of ancient and modern times, people always give the highest affirmation and special care to books. Hand-refined paper is especially suitable for China's calligraphy and painting, which can be divided into two kinds: raw and cooked.

Many great creations of mankind, mostly through the long years of development process, have gathered the painstaking efforts of countless people, and they have always grown and developed, and books are no exception. Take China as an example, it has a history of at least 3,500 years, during which people have invested more wisdom and labor. After repeated creation and improvement, books have become what they are today. Generally speaking, in history, except some books made for special purposes, the development of books can be found in a little context. In the earliest communication, people may only use gestures or volume as a medium when gesturing to each other. Later, from the accumulation of experience, some fixed syllables were determined to represent a certain meaning, so human beings walked out of the silent era and entered a society with words and no words.

With language, human beings often remember what they hear by memory and then repeat it to others; Or spread your ideals and personal experiences through language. This purpose and method are similar to the functions of future books, so it can be called oral living books. People's memory is limited in the end, and sometimes it will go out of shape. Spoken movable type books must have many defects. As a result, intelligent human beings have invented many ways to help memory, among which knotting is the most representative. We can call it a rope book, which expresses different meanings through the size, tightness, quantity and different colors of knots.

Rope books can be spread far away and preserved for a long time, which has some advantages over language. However, due to the limited change of its style, it can not meet the needs of the rapidly progressing human society. Therefore, human beings began to imitate nature, simplify the external image, transform it into a simple image, and then improve it again as a symbol of the image. This kind of picture, that is, the embryonic form of existing characters, is generally called character painting. Later, after further improvement and evolution, it gradually became a stereotyped hieroglyph. After a long period of development, countless fonts have finally been achieved for people to apply. The appearance of characters not only opened up a new realm for human civilization, but also laid a solid foundation for books. China's memorial was developed before the memorial. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty was mostly a question, but he could remember very little. In the past two weeks, Jin Wen has mainly memorized words. It was not until the Warring States period that chronicles made great progress. Ancient language and writing are probably integrated, and both spoken and written words can be called "words". Oracle Bone Inscriptions is called "Ci", and most of "Shangshu" are actually "Ci". We think these words are all "elegant words" at that time, that is, Mandarin or Mandarin at that time. But when it was passed on to later generations, this Mandarin or Putonghua became an old saying.