What are the important factors that constitute the industrial environment? Urgent, wait online!

The influencing factors of industrial safety are quite complex, which can basically be summarized as external environmental factors and internal factors of industry.

Among them, the external environment of industry is an important factor affecting industrial safety, which mainly refers to the environment for industrial survival and development, the government's industrial and foreign investment policies, and the capital, technology and management of multinational corporations and foreign direct investment entering the domestic market.

1, the survival and development environment of the industry

The survival and development environment of the industry determines whether the original enterprises in the industry are willing to continue to engage in the industry and whether new capital is willing to enter the industry, which has an important impact on the competitive advantage and the possibility and space for survival and development of the industry.

(1) element condition. Capital, technology, raw materials, labor and other factors of production are the necessary material conditions for the survival and development of any industry. The cost, quality and availability of these factors will directly affect the production and operation of enterprises in the industry and the quality and competitiveness of their products, and then affect the competitive advantage and the possibility and space for survival and development of the industry.

(2) Market capacity and demand. Market capacity and demand greatly affect the survival and development environment of the industry. If the market scale is large enough and the demand is strong, enterprises in the industry will have relatively loose development space and greater development space in their own countries. On the other hand, if the market capacity is relatively limited, the demand is obviously insufficient, and the enterprises in the industry are constrained by the market size and demand and cannot further tap their own potential, they may actively expand foreign markets. For example, entering the host country's market in the form of foreign direct investment may pose a threat to the survival and development of competitive industries in the host country while gaining more room for survival and development.

(3) the degree of market competition. The degree of market competition determines the long-term changing trend of the industry's survival and development environment. Fierce market competition will urge enterprises in the industry to actively participate in technological development and innovation, and will also force enterprises to actively invest overseas to expand their development space. In addition, from the perspective of market competition structure, if the domestic market is oligopolistic, enterprises will pay special attention to the strategies and actions of competitors. Once an oligopoly enterprise begins to invest and expand abroad, other competitors will follow suit to keep the competition balanced. It can be seen that a high degree of domestic competition will help the industry expand its survival and development space.

2. Government's industrial and foreign investment policies.

(1) industrial policy. A government's industrial policy arrangement and its effectiveness have an important impact on domestic industrial security, mainly in the following aspects: First, whether the industrial policy arrangement can effectively manage and regulate the entry behavior of external investors in the industry, so as to keep the market competition within a relatively reasonable range, not only to maintain a certain market competitiveness, but also to prevent excessive competition from aggravating the competitive pressure within the industry; Second, whether the industrial policy arrangement can keep the national industrial structure relatively reasonable, avoid rigid adjustment, adjust in time according to changes in the internal and external environment, and maintain competitiveness.

(2) Foreign investment policy. The foreign investment policies of various governments are embodied in the following two aspects: first, various preferential measures for foreign investment in the form of tax tools; Second, various restrictions on foreign investment industries, regions and equity. Therefore, the influence of foreign investment policy on domestic industrial security is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, whether the preferential tax policy is appropriate can not only achieve the purpose of encouraging foreign investment, but also prevent excessive foreign investment from entering blindly, leading to excessive competition; Second, whether the restrictive industry-oriented policy can effectively regulate the entry of foreign capital, strengthen the supervision of foreign capital, and really prevent foreign capital from impacting domestic industries and threatening domestic industrial security.

3. Multinational companies' capital, technology and management and foreign direct investment enter the domestic market.

With the continuous development of international investment liberalization and the increasing efforts of market opening in various countries, multinational companies enter the host country in the form of foreign direct investment. Undeniably, their advanced technology and management have had a positive demonstration effect on the host country's economy, and the intensification of domestic competition has also played a positive role in improving the competitiveness of national industries, thus improving the overall development level and competitiveness of the country.

However, it must be pointed out that in the process of utilizing foreign capital, transnational corporations may control some domestic industries, especially important industries, by virtue of their abundant capital and advanced technology, information, management and marketing advantages, which may lead to threats to the industrial security of the host country. It is embodied in the following two aspects: first, whether the national economic lifeline is controlled by foreign capital, that is, whether the depth and breadth of foreign capital entering the important industries of the host country are kept within a reasonable range, which will determine whether the host government has sufficient control over the national economic lifeline and important industries. Second, the domestic market structure, if foreign capital has occupied the main market share of a particular industry, it will inevitably limit the development space and prospects of the host enterprises in this industry, and will suppress the growth and development of domestic industries to a certain extent; Third, whether the domestic industrial structure is safe mainly refers to whether the industrial structure can be established to resist external economic fluctuations and risks under the background of open economy, and whether it can mainly rely on its own strength to achieve development; Fourth, whether domestic industrial technology is safe mainly refers to whether domestic technology has the ability of independent research and development and continuous innovation, whether it can provide important technical support for the development of important industries and leading industries related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and continuously realize technological upgrading. If important industries and leading industries mainly rely on imported technology, the degree of industrial safety will be greatly threatened.

The influencing factors of industrial safety are quite complex, which can basically be summarized as external environmental factors and internal factors of industry.

From the perspective of industry, the main factors affecting industrial security include industrial concentration and industrial institutional structure.

1, industrial concentration

According to the basic viewpoint of industrial economics, concentration is an important index reflecting industrial control. Industrial concentration can be measured by the proportion of the largest enterprises in total industrial output or total market sales. The higher the concentration of domestic enterprises in the industry, the greater the proportion of total output or total sales, the stronger the control of domestic enterprises on the industry, and the safer the industry.

2. Industrial institutional structure

The institutional structure of the industry mainly examines whether the industry has the ability to resist external risks and threats from the institutional level, involving institutional arrangements within the industry and related technical and management issues. If an industry has established a sound system, has the independent research and development ability of leading technology and innovative scientific management means, and has sufficient control over its own survival and development and strong competitiveness in international competition, then even if foreign multinational companies enter the host country's industry with abundant capital and advanced technological advantages, it will not be enough to control the industry, and industrial safety will not be threatened. On the contrary, industrial security is easily threatened. This requires the government to improve and perfect the internal institutional structure of the industry from the institutional level, so as to ultimately enhance its competitiveness and ability to resist external threats.