Member Zhang Boping: What is precision agriculture in China?

Commissioner Zhang Boping pointed out that precision agriculture is a systematic project based on advanced technology. Compared with traditional, extensive and blind agriculture, precision agriculture includes two aspects: fine quality and precise operation. Commissioner Zhang stressed that what he said about precision agriculture is different from that of foreign countries. Foreign countries only adopt high-tech technical means, such as global positioning system, farmland information collection system, farmland remote sensing monitoring system and so on. But its operation is not accurate, but extensive planting and poor harvest. For example, the yield per mu of wheat in China is 30%-40% higher than that in the United States. The precision agriculture he advocated mainly includes the following aspects.

First, seed engineering. Seeds are the source of planting. First, we should choose high-yield and high-quality varieties. Secondly, the seeds should be of good quality, neat, full of particles, high germination rate and strong viability.

Second, sow accurately. How to sow high-quality seeds in farmland is also a very important link. The traditional extensive sowing method is drilling, and the distribution of seeds in the field does not need three-dimensional coordinates (namely row spacing, plant spacing and depth), but three-dimensional coordinates are the core of accurate sowing. Sowing according to certain standards can make seeds and seedlings absorb nutrients, use light energy evenly and provide excellent living space for crops.

Third, precise fertilization. It mainly includes accurate soil testing, accurate formula and balanced fertilization. At present, farmers in China are blind in fertilization. They don't know what the soil lacks and what the crops need, but they act by experience. For example, they mistakenly think that the more nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the better. The result is a waste of chemical fertilizer, which is not good for crop growth. Precision fertilization advocates the rational preparation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer according to the planted crops and soil conditions, so that fertilization is more targeted and efficient.

Fourth, precision irrigation. It is a combination of modern advanced irrigation technology, scientific irrigation agronomy and scientific management, and its purpose is to improve the utilization rate and efficiency of irrigation water. At present, the utilization rate of irrigation water in China is low, and the waste of water resources is amazing. The main reason is that the water pipe leaks and the evaporation is large. Adopt unscientific irrigation methods, such as flood irrigation; Repeated irrigation, etc In addition, the utilization efficiency of irrigation water in China, that is, the dry matter conversion rate of water is also very low, with an average of only 0 per cubic meter of water. 87 kilograms, while the international advanced level is 2 kilograms per cubic meter of water. Anyone who can adjust measures to local conditions and implement scientific measures to directly improve the "two rates" of irrigation water belongs to the category of precision irrigation.

5. Promote and control crop growth dynamics. Use methods such as fertilization, watering and medication to monitor the growth trend of crops, so as to ensure that the number of crops is appropriate, the development is timely, and the individuals are strong, so as to achieve high and stable yield.

Sixth, precise harvesting. Choose the best harvesting time, and when the crops are fully grouted and the yield is the highest, harvest them mechanically and quickly to reduce losses.

Seven, accurate drying. Adopt scientific drying method to make the grain quality good and storable. For example, if the water content of rice cannot be reduced from 40% to 13% within 10 hour after harvest, the quality of rice will be greatly reduced, and high-quality rice will also become inferior rice.