Bureaucratic management and government management in traditional agricultural society

Bureaucratic organization is based on rationality-legal authority, that is, authority based on the position in the organization. The authority of administrative personnel is determined according to the standards, laws and rules established by rationality, and efficiency is emphasized not by obeying individuals but by impersonal rules. This kind of organization has the following characteristics: ① Division of labor based on functional specialization; (2) There is a clear hierarchy of power; (3) Having rules and regulations related to the post holders and responsibilities; (4) There is a procedural system for handling work; (5) depersonalization of interpersonal relationship; ⑥ The selection and promotion of employees is based on technical ability.

(2) Government management in traditional agricultural society.

The administrative model of agricultural society was put forward by Riggs, which has the following characteristics: ① the economic base is agricultural productivity; ② The distribution and management of land is an important matter for the government; (3) Bureaucratic stance is more important than administrative policy; (4) The administrative style has a strong color of family and relatives; ⑤ The civilian administrative system in Shi Qing Shi Lu; ⑥ Politics and administration are inseparable, power comes from the monarch, and administrative officials form their own special class politically and economically; ⑦ There is little communication between officials and people, and the communication between members of the same class is also limited by space; ⑧ Administrative activities are based on regions or land, and the main problem of administration is to maintain administrative consistency and unity. Riggs believes that the social structure of traditional agricultural society has no clear and detailed social division of labor, and accordingly, administrative behavior is mixed with other social behaviors, not to mention the existence of specialized administrative institutions, and its administrative efficiency is extremely low.