Excuse me, what are the stories that convey information in ancient times? Help!

Beacon communication originated from the political and military needs of slave countries. According to historical records, as early as 3,000 years ago, China had the method of using beacon towers for communication. Now whenever we mention beacon towers, we naturally think of the Great Wall. As a matter of fact, the beacon tower was built in dangerous areas and traffic arteries along the Great Wall. Once the enemy is found, call the police immediately: light firewood mixed with wolf dung during the day to make the smoke soar into the sky; At night, dry wood containing sulfur and saltpeter is burned to make the fire bright to convey urgent military information.

It turned out that the bonfire that was lit only when it was extremely critical was a beautiful smile bought by an emperor. As a result, the country broke down and died, leaving a long sigh. Here's the story. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a Zhou Youwang, who was a very cruel and corrupt monarch. He has a lovely princess named Bao Si, who is very beautiful. There is a passage in the history books of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty that describes praise: "The eyes are bright, the lips are red and the teeth are white, and the clouds are held, which is called jade, like flowers like the moon, and the country is beautiful." Although the princess is beautiful, she "never smiles." To this end, Zhou Youwang made a reward: "Whoever can make the Empress laugh will be rewarded with one kilo of gold" (copper will be called gold then). So someone came up with a way to light a bonfire, hoping to get a smile from the queen. One night, Zhou Youwang boarded the tower with a lovely princess and ordered bonfires to be lit everywhere. When the neighboring governors saw the bonfire, they thought that Xirong (a tribe in the west at that time) was attacking, so they led the troops to the city gate to rescue them, but they saw bright lights and loud drums. I didn't know it was a funny thing that Zhou Youwang made fun of the queen until I asked. Every Norhou dared to be angry and dare not speak, so he had to retreat back to camp in anger. He saw it and smiled indifferently. But not long after, Xirong really attacked. Although the bonfire was lit, no reinforcements arrived. It turned out that the governors thought that Zhou Youwang was doing the same thing again. Xirong captured Guo Jie and Zhou Youwang was killed. Since then, the Western Zhou Dynasty has perished.

This is the source of the story "A thousand dollars for a smile" that is still circulating today. Later, someone wrote a poem, satirizing the matter of "war drama princes". This poem is written like this:

Guan Chun is played in the night palace, and Zhu Tian is endless with bonfires.

Poor country's hardship, stop laughing!

This historical story not only vividly depicts the use of beacon communication at that time, but also warns future generations that communication is very important, and no matter when or who, it cannot be taken seriously.

Ancient times:

China is one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized information transmission system. As early as 3000 years ago, there were records of information transmission in Shang Dynasty.

Post-horse relay is an early organized mode of communication. The "Postman" sculpture is located in Jiayuguan Railway Station Square, based on the mural tomb of Wei and Jin Dynasties in Jiayuguan. With a simple document in his hand, the postman galloped at high speed on all fours. This brick mural was taken as the theme of a small stamp by the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation 1982, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the cradles of information culture in China.

A whole set of evacuation system was formed in Qin and Han Dynasties. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents delivered were graded, and the documents of different grades should be delivered by special personnel and special horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. Sending and receiving these documents must be registered and marked with time to show responsibility.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cause of evacuation developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transport line in the Tang Dynasty centered on Chang 'an, the capital city, radiating in all directions and reaching the frontier, with a post station about 30 miles away. According to the Six Codes of the Great Tang Dynasty, at its peak, there were 1 639 post stations in China, with more than 20,000 people specializing in postal services, including 1.7 million post soldiers. The post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger. Each station is equipped with a station house, a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post yard.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were also explicit provisions on the itinerary of the post station. Lu Yi's trotters walk six posts a day, that is, 180 Li, and then there are about 300 Aliri, and the fastest requirement is 500 Aliri. Pedestrians travel 50 miles a day; Sailing against the current, the river is forty miles, the river is fifty miles, and the other six miles; When it is good, specify 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Can wrote in the poem "A Judge on the Road to Longshan" that "after a post, the post rides like a Milky Way; Pingming sent Xianyang, the curtain and the top of the mountain. " Here, he compares the post horse to a meteor. On November 9th, 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in Huaqing Palace, three thousand miles apart. Within six days, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty learned the news, and the speed of communication reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of postal communication in Tang Dynasty reached a high level.

In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were called "delivery", and "express delivery shop" appeared. There is a bronze bell tied to the collar of the riding whistle in a hurry. Running on the road, ringing the bell during the day and lighting a fire at night, the person killed is not responsible. Shopping for horses, shopping for people, rain or shine, day and night. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin 'an from the front with 12 gold medals by Song Gaozong. This kind of gold medal is a gold plate sent by express delivery, indicating urgency.

There are also bells and drums, fireworks, pigeons, semaphores, wolf smoke and other ways to convey information.

The story of the ancients transmitting information

Huo Feng communication

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a method of transmitting information by bonfire. As a primitive means of acousto-optic communication, bonfire served the ancient military war. From the border to the capital and the border, a beacon tower is built at regular intervals. When the enemy invaded, firewood was stored inside, and the fire alarms were lit one by one. When the princes saw the fire, they immediately sent troops to help and resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to guard against enemy invasion, the "bonfire tunnel" was used as the contact signal for border defense emergency. In the ancient history book "Zhou Li", it is recorded that "on the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of various countries, a beacon tower is built at intervals, one after another. There are oranges on the stage, and there are cages full of firewood on the heads of oranges. When the enemy invaded, the beacon tower set off fireworks in succession to convey the alarm. Every night, the watchman lit the firewood in the cage and held it high, calling it a "lighthouse" to convey information to the leaders. During the daytime warning, the firewood piled up on the stage is lit, and the smoke is used to indicate the urgency, which is called "embarrassment". In order to make the smoke straight without bending, so that it can be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of firewood, so it was also called wolf smoke. The Zhou Dynasty stipulated that when the emperor raised a bonfire, local governors must immediately lead troops to rescue and fight against the enemy. It can be seen that the implementation of the beacon system means that a huge and perfect military information contact network has appeared as early as last week.

I thought I heard a flying pigeon passing a book.

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Depends on what it's for.

Send letters:

Ordinary people mainly rely on passers-by, monks, literati and other people who travel around the world to deliver letters. These people can solve the problem of accommodation on the way, and they are willing to do so!

The official is mainly the post office.

Transmit military information:

The army must have full-time personnel in this field, as well as beacon towers and homing pigeons.

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The accuracy of carrier pigeons is low, most of them are letters, but it takes several months. There are also 100 Li Express, 200 Li Express and 300 Li Express on horseback, but they are all very expensive. Generally, this kind of "express delivery" is mostly used for official letters.

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The ancient way of transmitting information was about-

Yubang: The letter with feathers indicates that the war is urgent.

Chicken hair letter: generally used in folk.

Feather book: used to recruit soldiers.

Pigeons pass books: mostly used in courts, government officials and gangs.

Bamboo tube: dual-purpose, similar to the current envelope.

Rapid transmission: used to transmit urgent military information, commonly known as "passing the gold medal".

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There are also military means such as bonfires/wolf smoke.

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You can use a torch.

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The ancient methods of transmitting information are as follows:

[1] Feather stick: Feather letters are mostly used in war emergencies.

[2] Chicken hair letter: generally used in folk.

[3] Feather book: used for conscription.

[4] Pigeons send books [so-called flying pigeons send books]

[5] Fast horses pass books.

[6] Bamboo tube: dual-purpose for government and people, similar to the current envelope.

[7] Rapid transmission: used to transmit urgent military information, commonly known as "passing the gold medal".

[8] Different dynasties, such as bonfires/wolf smoke, have different modes of transmission.

Jieshengshi

In order to remember one thing, the ancients tied a knot on the rope. When he sees this knot, he will think of it. If there are two things to remember, he will tie two knots. Remember three things, he can tie three knots, and so on. If he tied a lot of knots on the rope, I'm afraid he can't remember everything he wants, so this method is simple but unreliable. It is said that Darius, king of Persia, gave his commanders a rope tied with 60 knots and said to them, "People of Ionia, from the day you saw me going to Cecilia, you untied one knot on the rope every day until the day I untied the last knot. If I don't come back, I'll pack your things and sail back by myself. "

Carving words on stones is also one of the ways to help memory, and the result is of course the same as knotting a rope. In this way, you can't record the thing itself, but only remind you of the memory, and you can't remember too much.

The ancients also marked the northernmost and southernmost points of the sun's projection with stones, and rowed on the stones to calculate the days when the sun and the moon circulated, thus making a calendar.

△ Civilization carrier-papyrus paper

Writing is the most important carrier of human civilization. With words, human knowledge can be recorded and widely spread in time and space. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus to record their scientific and technological achievements, making them spread through the ages.

The ancient Egyptians first used hieroglyphics, and in the 27th century BC, their word stock was considerable. Later, they invented pinyin letters, forming a situation in which hieroglyphs and pinyin were used together. After a long period of development and evolution, a compound hieroglyphic system composed of letters, notes and phrases has been formed. Now, in some sacred or eternal places such as pyramids, obelisks and temple walls, people can still clearly see the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Later, for the convenience of writing, a more simplified hieroglyphics was developed, which was called monk body. The spread of ancient Egyptian phonetic symbols had a far-reaching impact on the development of western phonetic symbols.

The Nile Delta is rich in papyrus, which is a kind of plant similar to reed (hence the word papyrus). People cut papyrus into small pieces of appropriate length, cut it open, flatten it, arrange it, connect it into pieces, and air-dry it to become papyrus. They write on papyrus with reed stalks as pens, vegetable juice and black smoke as ink. But papyrus will dry and break into pieces after a long time, so it is extremely difficult to preserve. Fortunately, there are still few papyrus documents written with monks' bodies. A papyrus document in the British Museum records the arithmetic and geometric achievements of the ancient Egyptians. It is said that it was transcribed by a monk named Amos from the old paper of a king of the first 12 dynasty. These papyrus provide us with extremely precious ancient information.

With writing and writing tools, ideas and technologies can be preserved and passed on, and there will be cultural continuity and development.