Notes on the article Xunzi Guo Fu

Everything is different from the same universe, unsuitable but useful. Human relations are in harmony, seeking common ground without seeking common ground, wanting the same but not knowing the same, and being born. Everything is dispensable, knowing that it remains the same; You can be different, but you know the difference. The situation is the same, but we know the difference. We can do private things without harming others, we can indulge ourselves without being poor, and we can be excited without saying anything. If so, the knower can't be ruled, the knower can't be famous, the people can't be famous, the people can't be ruled, and the people can't stand. There is no monarch to make ministers, no supreme minister to make ministers, and the world is harmful. If you want to hate the same thing, if you want more things, you will fight for it. So all kinds of skills are made, and it is also necessary to raise a person. And whether you can have a skill or not, you can't be an official at the same time. If you don't treat each other from home, you will be poor. If you don't score, you will argue. The poor suffer, the debaters suffer, save the suffering and eliminate disasters, and clearly divide the groups. If you are strong and weak, you will know that if you are afraid of fools, the people will not obey you. If you are young for a long time, you will not rule the country by virtue. If so, the old and the weak will lose care, and the strong will fall into the dilemma of division. Cause is evil, utility is good, regardless of occupation. If so, people will be harmed by trees and strive for merit. The combination of men and women, the separation of husband and wife, and the rudeness of marriage (3), if so, people will worry that they can't be together, and there will be a disaster of fighting for color. An old friend shared it.

[Note] ① Meaning: pass "Yu", right. ② Health: Understand "sex", sex and sex. (3) Inner Mongolia: The same "engagement" is an ancient wedding. Ask for a name. Pay, pay, get the bride price. Send: Send a woman. Reverse: get married.

The way of the country lies in saving the people and doing good. Festival is used for ceremony, enriching people for politics. He is rich, so he is redundant. The rich are rich, the people are rich, and the field is easy to fertilize, and the field is easy to fertilize a hundred times. Take the law above and use the courtesy below. If Yu Ruo Qiushan burns from time to time and has nothing to hide, the gentleman will suffer. So if you save the people, you will have the name of benevolence, righteousness and goodness, and you will have abundant mountains and rivers. This has nothing to do with it, it was born in saving money and enriching the people. I don't know how to save the rich and the poor. If the people are poor, the land will be barren and filthy, and if the land is full, it will be real. Although it is easy to take and plunder, it will be scarce. Or a little rough, in the name of greed and integrity, empty and poor. There is nothing wrong with this, and I don't know how to save the people. "Gao Kang" said: "Hong Gaitian, De Ruo is the body." 3 this is also called.

[Notes] ① Tibetan (cáng Tibetan): through "Tibetan", it was preserved. 2 correction: collection. "jiāo": pass "Jiā o" to take it. ③ Kangpang: the title of Shangshu. If, shun.

Owners are equal, young and old are different, and rich and poor are weighed. So emperors wear clothes, warlords wear clothes, doctors wear clothes, and scholars wear clothes. Virtue must be called position, position must be called Lu, and Lu must be called use. Above the scholar, we must celebrate the ceremony and music, and Shu Ren must take the law as the plan. Building a country by measuring land, benefiting livestock and people, teaching people by measuring manpower, making people get things, things benefit, and benefits are enough to give birth to people, all of which make food and clothing out of phase, which is also called the number. So, since the son of heaven passed through Shu Ren, it has been ignored whether it is big or small, so it was pushed. Therefore, there is no luck in the DPRK, and the people have no luck in their lives. This is also called. The land is lightly taxed, and the city is closed. There are many merchants in the province, and there is not enough diligence and farming time. If so, the country will be rich and strong. The husband said that enriching the people with politics.

[Note] ① zhū Zhu: Zhu Tong, dressed in pure red. ǔ (Volume G ǔ n): Pass "ǔ", the dragon robe. Crown: Top hat. ② skin: clothes worn by doctors. ③ biàn change: a hat made of white deerskin. (4) Yan (y m 4 n mask): the same as "mask".

People can't live without groups. Groups without points will lead to struggle, struggle will lead to chaos, and chaos will lead to poverty. Therefore, people who don't score will do great harm to people; There are points, and the benefits of the world are also; And people are king, so the fulcrum of management is also very important. Therefore, beauty is the foundation of world beauty; Peace is the foundation of the world; The most valuable person is the foundation of your world. The ancients were different from each other, pretending to be beautiful or evil, thick or thin, embarrassed or happy, embarrassed or tired. It is not special to think that obscenity and boasting will be based on Ren Ming's words and the harmony of Tong Ren. Therefore, engraving it, engraving it, engraving it and writing it is enough to distinguish between noble and low, without seeking its view; For bells and drums, pipes, harps and cymbals, it is enough to distinguish between good and bad, and it is only for peace, not for the rest; For the palace pavilion, it is enough to avoid dryness and dampness, cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's character, and distinguish between severity and severity, and nothing else is required. "Poetry" says: "Carving its chapter is a treasure beyond it. Hey, my king, discipline is everywhere. " 3 this is also called.

[Note] ① Or music: it is "or music". Derive the second word "or". The next sentence is the same. ② Qing: a stone musical instrument. (3) The sentence of "Yue" in "The Book of Songs": See "The Book of Songs". Uh-huh (wěi tail), diligent.

If the husband values color clothing, food, wealth and harmony, he doesn't particularly think that Yin Taihe is also the king of the world. He firmly believes that all things change, the people raise them and control the world, and it is the goodness of humanity! So its knowledge and thoughtfulness are enough to cure it, its kindness is enough to calm it, and its virtue is enough to melt it. The more you gain, the more chaotic you lose. People sincerely rely on their knowledge, so they work hard, serve them and improve their knowledge; Honesty and beauty are also thick, so we should die for them to save them and raise them thick; Honesty and beauty is also its virtue, so it is engraved, engraved and embarrassed, and the text is decorated with princes to raise its virtue. Therefore, the benevolent is above the world, the people are as expensive as the emperor, and they are as close as their parents. Those who are willing to die for it have nothing to do with it. What they do is sincere and beautiful, what they earn is sincere and big, and what they benefit is sincere and much. The poem says: "I will be my chariot, my car, my cow, my trip will be a collection, and the clouds will return!" " 4 this is also called.

[Notes] ① Wang: It should be the word "one". ② Materials: Through "cutting" and management. ③ System: It should be the word "profit". ④ The sentence "The Book of Songs Yue": quoted from "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Miao".

Therefore, a gentleman is virtuous and a villain is strong. The battle of strength and virtue. The strength of the people, wait for it and then work; That group of people, make peace later; The wealth of the people, wait for it and then gather; The trend of the human heart, wait for it; People's life is a long wait. Father and son get close, brothers get unhappy, men and women get happy, the few grow up and the old get support. Therefore, it is said that "heaven and earth are born, and saints are artificial." This is also called. This world is not like this: to collect thick knives and cloth is to seize money, to seize land is to seize grain, and it is difficult to seize cities. Otherwise, it's just a fact. There are scams and tactics to turn the tables. On the contrary, the people know that their pollution is violent and there will be great disasters. It is because I am a minister or kill my king, go down or kill him, congee other cities, and take advantage of other festivals. The immortal has nothing to do with this, and the master keeps it for himself. "Poetry" says: "There is nothing to say, no virtue to report." 4 this is also called.

【 Notes 】 ① "j ǐ t ǐ t \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u? ? "There are to sell. 3 times: the "return" was violated. ④ The sentence of "Yue" in The Book of Songs: See The Book of Songs: Elegant and Exquisite. Jane, please answer.

The way to be number one in the world lies in clear points. It is a farmer's business to cover an acre of land, stab the valley and cultivate more manure fields. Punctuality, thrift, harmony with the people, so that the people do not steal, is also a matter of speed. It is a matter of the world that the top is not dry and the bottom is not watery. Harmony between cold and summer, seasonal grains, this is a matter of the world. If the husband loves it day after day and does it day by day, it is a matter of sages and sages. Although the floods and droughts are fierce, the people are not cold.

[Note] ① Hissing: the ancient word "grass". 2 rate: pass "handsome". A general, a general, is an army commander in wartime and a local governor in peacetime. 3. Pass "familiarity". Next: It should be Yan Zi.

Mozi's words clearly show that worrying about the world is not enough. Lack of husband is not a public hazard in the world, and Mozi's personal worries are also counted. Today, it is the soil that produces grain. People who are good at governance will get 2 mu of pots, and they will get it again at the age of one. Then melons, peaches, dates and plums are regarded as pots and drums, and then the amount of meat and vegetables is sparse. Then, the six beasts will be shattered. Catfish, turtles and loaches flock at different times, then birds and geese are like a sea of smoke, and then all insects are masters. There are countless people who can eat and support. Everything in the world is born, and the inherent surplus is enough to eat people; Hemp, cocoon silk, feathers and teeth of birds and animals are also inherent, enough for people to wear. The husband's strength is insufficient (5), which is not a public hazard in the world, especially Mozi's personal worries have been counted.

【 Precautions 】 ① It is obvious: sad. ② Basin: an ancient measuring instrument. (3) Vegetables: onions, ginger, garlic and other vegetables. Sparse: pass the "dish", dish. ④ Shovel (zhān special): Pass the "special". More than enough: Speaking of Yan Wen.

All the people in the world suffer, and they are also hurt. Who is Hu who doesn't try to seek chaos? In my opinion, Mozi's "unhappiness" has also caused chaos in the world, and Mozi's "frugality" has also made the world poor, which is bound to fall. Mozi has a big world and a small country. He eats evil clothes and is sad but unhappy. If you don't have children, it's not desirable, and if you don't want it, you won't get paid. Mozi has a big world and a small country, so there will be fewer disciples, keeping his official position and making great contributions to the people's cause. If he doesn't do this, he won't be punished. If the reward is not good, then the sage can't get it and can't get in; If the punishment is not good, the unscrupulous will not get it, and they will not stop. Sages can't get it, and unscrupulous people can't get it, so can you get it and be an official? If it is, everything is chaotic, everything is chaotic, everything is chaotic, everything is lost, everyone is lost in the middle, and the world is peaceful. If it burns. Although Mozi dressed it in brown, could he drink water? We should not only cut off its roots and exhaust its roots, but also focus on the world.

[Notes] ① Huιash: spread the word "death" and slander. ② Oh: preach "forbearance". (3) Chu (Chu): Pass "sip". Buckwheat: bean leaves.

Therefore, the sages of the former king did not do so. Knowing that the husband is the master is not beautiful enough to become a citizen, rich enough to be in power, and strong enough to prohibit violence from winning the battle. Therefore, it is necessary to ring the bell, drum, blowing sheng, and play the piano. It is necessary to cut, carve and write articles to plug his eyes. It is bound to stop his mouth with rice beams and five flavors, and then everyone will take action to prepare for the official position, gradually celebrate the reward and severely punish his heart. Make all the people in the world become bosom friends, so they will be rewarded; All intimate friends are afraid of what they do, so punish them. Reward and punish, then the sage can go out, the unscrupulous can return, and they can get the official. If so, everything should be appropriate, everything should be done properly, everything should be in the right time, everything should be in the right place, and people should be harmonious. Then wealth and goods will be as turbid as spring water, as dense as rivers and seas, as violent as hills, and burn from time to time without hiding anything. How can there be a shortage in the world? Therefore, Confucianism is sincere, the world is rich and expensive, work hard, and the bells and drums are harmonious. "Poetry" said: "Clock and drum rattle, control the clock and drum, and bring blessings. Blessing is simple, but dignity is counterproductive. Drunk and full, Fulu returns. " This is also called. Therefore, Mo Yi-cheng is frugal and poor in the world, striving for more work and more sorrow. "Poetry" says: "Heaven recommends a cup, and there are many funerals. Don't punish people for their bad words. " 6 this is also called.

[Note] ① Same as "carving", carving. 2 muddy: the way of water flow. (3) pāng pong: There is a lot of water. 4 storm: the appearance of the protrusion. ⑤ Poem sentence: See The Book of Songs Zhou Song and Competition. Cue Cue (huáng), bell and drum. Mao (qiāng gun), Guan Qingsheng. Make way (r m 4 ng soil), a lot. ⑥ Poetry: See The Book of Songs Xiaoya Jienan Mountain. Cuó cuo, epidemic disease. Hey (c m 4 n is miserable), once, I didn't expect it.

Stealing the name of the people is not a long-term solution, and stealing the road will get the name of raping the people in a short time. Things will not be done, and results will not be made. Also a traitor. But to serve the people (4), we should make progress, make long achievements, belittle our reputation and lose people's hearts. If things go forward and people get sick, we should not steal favoritism. Migration is bad, depraved and counterproductive. Therefore, you can't cling to things, raise your reputation, and you can't forget people with success. They are all traitors.

【 Precautions 】 ① Whew (wā) Oh, children's voice means love. ② Plum (zhān felt): thick porridge. ③ Xun (Qu Qu): barley porridge. (4) It's noisy, complicated and noisy. It looks so noisy.

Therefore, the ancients did not do this, which made the people feel uncomfortable in summer, cold in winter, anxious and slow to move. When things succeed, everyone is rich and people like them. People come back to them like running water, and their relatives are as happy as their parents. People who are happy for them die without regret. There is a difference between loyalty and reconciliation. Therefore, people who want to keep pace with the times and succeed will get tired of reconciliation and get sick soon; There is a difference between loyalty and faith, saying it is celebration; We must first correct those who are on us, and then blame those who are on us, which means punishment. If the three virtues are sincere, they should be as good as the scenery. Although they want to be ignorant, they will be happy! "Book" said: "Although it is a big suit, the people are strong and harmonious." 3 this is also called.

[Note] 10,000: Connect "luck" with summer heat. Yi: heatstroke. 2 discrimination: through "times", it is everywhere. (3) "Yue Zhongshu" in the sentence: see "commercial patent". Hard work.

Therefore, punishment without teaching is complicated and evil is invincible; Teach without punishment, then rape without punishment; If you don't reward them, diligent people won't persuade them; Appreciate without class, then doubt vulgarity and be frugal and different from the people. Therefore, for one thing, Wang Mingli's righteousness is one, loyalty and love are two, and the ability to be virtuous is two. The merit of a knight is to attach importance to Shen, to reward his merits, to manage his affairs, to abolish his duties, to restore his affairs, to raise a long life, such as to protect a son. If it is, it is impossible to do evil, and thieves can't afford it, but those who do good will encourage it. What is evil? Daoyi, plugging, decree one, prevention. So: the last one is the next one, and the last two are the next two. If it is carved, so are the branches and leaves. This is also called.

[Note] ① Genus: it should be "Li". 2 thrift: it should be the word "risk". (3) Huang (Hu Danghuang) ran: the emergence of floods. Yellow, pass "Yu".

It is better to benefit from shortcomings than from advantages; If you don't love it, use it. It's better to love it. It is better to benefit others than to benefit others; It is better to love and use it than to love and use it. Those who love and don't use it take the world. Take advantage of it, use it for love, and protect the country and defend the country. Seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and those who have no love and use will endanger the country. Looking at the rule of the country, whether it is chaotic or not, as for the change and end of Xinjiang, we have already seen it. It's a mess to wait, but it's also a mess to thoroughly investigate the government Entering its territory, its territory is filthy and exposed, which is greedy for the Lord. Look at the court, you are not virtuous; You can't rule it if you look at its official position; You won't be embarrassed when you look at it; You are the master of darkness. Whoever is in charge is a courtier, he must abide by the custom of (4) taking goods and counting money (5), and his manners and actions are also embarrassing (6), which is a shame for the country. Its farmers are happy, its soldiers are difficult, its officials are good at law, its president and its ministers are harmonious. This is the rule of the country. If you look at the court, you will have wisdom. If you look at the official position, you will be able to govern. If you look at it, you will be embarrassed by believers, and you will have wisdom. Those who submit to the officials are generous and simple in taking money and counting it, and the rhythm of courtesy and righteousness is simple, which is a glorious country. If virtue is expensive, relatives are expensive first, neatness is possible, and death of an official is expensive first. If you are a courtier, the polluter will be repaired, the murderer will be willing, and the impetuous will be embarrassed.

[Note] ① Yi: Connect the "field" and the boundary. ② Hou: Sentinel. Jiao: patrol. 3 Actually: Crossing the "boundary", the boundary. 4 vulgar: it should be the word "genus". ⑤ Beard: It should be "Shun". ⑥ Mang: preach "Mang". Li: Lazy. ⑦ Mania: convey the phrase "very cunning".

The strength of a country can be divided into rich and poor: soldiers are weak if they don't pay tribute, soldiers are weak if they don't love the people, soldiers are weak if they promise not to believe, soldiers are weak if they don't celebrate their achievements and reward, and soldiers are weak if they can't lead. Good deeds lead to poverty, good interests lead to poverty, scholar-officials lead to poverty, industry and commerce lead to poverty, and the country leads to poverty without quantitative measurement. Poor is poor, rich is rich. Therefore, the contempt of Tianye County is the foundation of wealth; Those who hoard food through the wall (1) are at the end of wealth. Having fun with the people, having something to do is also a source of goods; Such as fu treasury, the flow of goods is also. Therefore, the wise Lord must carefully maintain its harmony, preserve its flow, open its source, and then consider it, so that the world will be more than enough. If so, everyone is rich and there is nothing to hide, which is the best way to understand this country. Therefore, in the case of ten years of water and soup, seven years of drought and no food in the world, after ten years, the food matured every year and accumulated more than enough. There is no other reason, that is, knowing the source. Therefore, the land is barren, the people's empty treasury is full, and the husband is called the country. Cut its roots, exhaust its sources, and end it. But if the subject does not know evil, he can stand and wait for it. It's not enough to defend the country. It's also the extreme of a fool to call her husband poor. Will seek wealth and lose the country, will make profits and endanger the health. There were many nationalities in ancient times, but today there are more than ten. No problem, one reason is lost. You can feel it, too A country of a hundred miles is independent enough.

[Note] ① Wall (yuán yuan): low wall, which refers to the warehouse. Rudder (called jiao): cellar. ② Day: It should be the word "husband".

Anyone who attacks others is angry unless he thinks of fame and the case is favorable. Benevolent people use the country, they must be determined, upright, lofty, loyal and liberal arts. If the honesty of the man in cloth is ②, though he is poor and leaks his family, the maharaja can't compete with him for fame. If the country carries it, then the world can't hide. If so, then those famous people won't attack. If you want to open up fields and store them, you are ready to use them, you are United as one, and the three armed forces are United as one, so you can't fight them. Domestic assembly is also guaranteed. Take troops in the afternoon and dial them. Peter is not enough to make up for the loss. He loves his minions and fears his enemies. If he had, he wouldn't attack for the benefit of others. We will be cautious about the meaning of small, strong and weak, the etiquette will be elegant, the jade will be strong and the goods will be thick. Therefore, the person who speaks out will be a gentleman who will argue with wisdom. Who can be angry with him if he has ideas? If so, those angry people will not attack. No fame, no profit, no anger, then the country is safe on the rock and born in the flag wing. If people are chaotic, I will rule alone; Everyone is in danger, I am alone; Everyone loses, so I rule by the rules. Therefore, benevolent people will not only use the country, but also be human. "Poetry" said: "A gentleman is a gentleman, and his manners are special. Its instrument is not awkward, it is four countries. " ⑦ This is also called.

[Note] ① Period: the qi is passed, and it is extremely extreme. (2): shoes woven with thick hemp rope. 3 noon; It said "baa". Welcome. 4 bream: cattail. 5 jade: jade. 6 flags and wings: both are the names of stars. Life is better than the stars. Flag, through the "basket", one of the twenty-eight nights. ⑦ Poem sentence: Quoted from The Book of Songs, Cao Feng and Dove. Te (te te), error.

The difficulty of holding the country: the national disaster makes the national government easy for me. Speaking of treasures, the list of treasures can't be handed in; If you make a promise, you will agree, and there will be no such day (2); Cut the country a penny, cut it, and be insatiable. The more annoying things get, the more intrusive they are, and then they will be taken away by the state. Although Zuo Yao is right and Shun is right, no one can avoid it in this way. For example, I let a baby girl named Yu Bao put on gold ornaments and met a thief from Zhongshan. Although I think it belongs to Feng Meng, I want to be a concubine in Lu Jun Palace, which is not enough to avoid it. Therefore, it is not enough to safeguard national security unless there is a way for one person, and it is not enough to ask for help and fear things, so it is unwise to be wise. It is bound to form the ceremony of the Qi Dynasty, the law of the Qi Dynasty, the security of the Qi people, and then the rhythm of the dynasty, the official everything, the people under it. If so, the nearest people will compete with their relatives, and those far away will hope. The three armed forces work together, and their fame is fierce enough, their strength is strong enough to fight, and they kneel down, while the country of * * * is eager to try. For example, Wu Huo and Jiao Yao are also playing. So * * * national disaster, I * * national affairs. This is also called.

【 Precautions 】 ① Single: Go through "Dun" and do your best. 2 banks: pass "reverse", violate, and be partial. 3 baht: Both baht and Thai baht are ancient units of weight. This refers to very little land. 4 annoyance: when it is "shun". ⑤ Important: Bend over, bend over. Radial popliteal (náo guó): Bend your knees. Radial, by "scraping" and bending. The back of the knee. Jun: It should be "if". ⑦ Complex: sensitive, clever and flattering. 8 violence: the same as "exposure" and exposure. ⑨ Wu Huo: It is said that he is a Hercules of the State of Qin, and he can lift a thousand kilograms. Jiao Yao: the legendary dwarf.

Appreciating China's traditional culture has always attached importance to "harmony", and paying attention to "political integrity and harmony" in terms of politics, so is the way to enrich the country. Harmony between man and man, man and nature is Xunzi's ideal of enriching the country.

However, society is a large collection of all kinds of people. Everyone has all kinds of desires, from being an emperor to an ordinary gatekeeper. In the process of realizing their respective desires, there will inevitably be collisions and frictions. Seeking "harmony" is not an easy task, so Xunzi advocates paying attention to etiquette. In Confucianism, etiquette is a concept with rich connotations, and various forms of etiquette such as birth, aging, illness and death are its inherent meanings. Mozi criticized these complicated ceremonies most strongly, thinking that they were too flashy and should be completely abandoned, while Xunzi paid more attention to the cultural significance and social functions behind these ceremonies. From the upper level, as a symbol of power and status, the luxurious life endows the king with the noble temperament of ruling the world, does not take it out on himself, and constitutes an invisible deterrent to the princes, thus better coordinating their desires and sins and making them live in peace; At the same time, it is the facade of the royal family's external propaganda, which directly shows the strength of a dynasty and maintains the confidence of the people. Under Xunzi's exposition, the ceremony has transitioned to a more meaningful political category, and has become an administrative means designed for political purposes, bearing the social functions of cultural decorations. After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, the Prime Minister presided over the construction of Weiyang Palace for him. Liu Bang thinks he is too extravagant and wastes too much money and people. Xiao He explained that it was for this reason that the Emperor of Heaven made the four seas his home, so it was impossible to be magnificent. From the bottom up, everyone has a love of beauty. Advocating asceticism like Mozi and turning everyone into an ascetic will only lead to people's complaints. On the contrary, blowing sheng stuffed his ears and carved his eyes, which was made more humane by the people's work.

The ancient farming society produced the tradition of "relying on the sky to eat". As for the relationship between man and nature, Confucius and Mencius advocated the idea of "harmony between man and nature" until Xunzi put forward the proposition of "separation between man and nature", arguing that man is the spirit of all things and can "dominate fate and make use of it", but his "separation between man and nature" was still based on the premise of "harmony between man and nature". Xunzi repeatedly stressed that although nature has no will, whether it can conform to its laws determines the chaotic fate of mankind. As far as food and clothing are concerned, as long as people adapt themselves to local conditions according to the time, there will be no food in the valley and countless birds, and there will be no need to worry about the shortage of resources all day like Mozi. Whether consciously or unconsciously, these thoughts of Xunzi already have a simple harmonious ecological consciousness. Human beings enjoy a much more comfortable material life at the expense of overdraft and destruction of nature, but they have to face a series of crises such as food shortage, environmental pollution, resource shortage and energy depletion at the same time. Xunzi provided us with another choice to find our former home again. The theory of sustainable development and harmonious society, which is constantly put forward and discussed at present, is the return to this traditional view of heaven and man at a higher level.