What are the basic viewpoints of empiricism and rationalism?

1, empiricism is also called "empiricism". As opposed to "rationalism". It is a school of old philosophical epistemology, which advocates that perceptual experience is the only source of knowledge. There are materialistic empiricism and idealistic empiricism. In the history of modern European philosophy, the main representatives of materialist empiricism are Christopher Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Diderot, Holbach and others. They believe that all human knowledge comes from perceptual experience, and perceptual experience is based on perceptual knowledge. Perceptual experience is a reflection of the objective world, and only perceptual experience is the most reliable. As far as their materialistic interpretation of experience and their opposition to the "apocalypse" theory of medieval scholasticism are concerned, they are correct and have played a positive role.

2. Rationalism is also called "rationalism". As opposed to "empiricism". School of old philosophical epistemology. It only recognizes the reliability of rational knowledge, belittles the significance of perceptual knowledge and denies that rational knowledge depends on perceptual experience. There are idealism rationalism and materialism rationalism. The representatives of idealism and rationalism are Plato and Descartes. Plato regards the mysterious "idea" as the essence and foundation of the world, denies the independent existence of the material world, denies that the objective world is the object and source of knowledge, and thinks that all real knowledge is just the memory of the idea by the immortal soul.

Extended data:

After the formation of capitalist relations of production and bourgeoisie in feudal society, modern natural science developed. When thinkers formulated systematic cognitive theory and methodology for early natural science, some attached importance to observation and experiment, and exerted empiricism theory and empirical induction;

Others attach importance to mathematical calculus and logical reasoning and give play to theoretical rational deduction. Under the historical conditions at that time, although they all played a positive role, due to the one-sidedness of thinking methods, two opposing theories and two schools of thought were formed. Modern rationalism gradually formed a set of systematic epistemological theories, became a broad ideological trend, and fought against empiricism for a long time.

Baidu encyclopedia-empiricism

Baidu encyclopedia-rationalism