What is literati music?

Refers to the traditional music created or participated by intellectuals with certain cultural accomplishment in past dynasties. It mainly includes Qin music and tonal music.

1. Qin Le

The contributions of literati in past dynasties to the creation and development of Qiwei Qin music are mainly manifested in four aspects: music theory and music score.

It is a genre form that comes with the piano. Qin and song are in the same important position, and they are played and sung by the same person. Scholars in previous dynasties either absorbed self-cultivation points from folk music and adapted them; Or turn your feelings about life into a piano piece to express your true feelings.

Qinqu is an instrumental music that only plays the piano without singing. Judging from the existing records, there are more than 3,000 songs, more than 650 songs with music scores and more than 100 songs with music scores. In the development of Qin Le, the contributions of literati in past dynasties mainly lie in (1) creating Qin Le and expressing their thoughts directly; (2) Inheriting and sorting out, a variety of Qin schools have been formed, such as Wu Sheng and Shusheng in the Tang Dynasty, Zhejiang School in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang School and Zhejiang School in the early Ming Dynasty, Yushan School, Shaoxing School and Jiang School in the late Ming Dynasty, Guangling School in the Qing Dynasty, Fujian School, Sichuan School and Zhucheng School in Shandong Province in modern times.

The musical theory of Guqin written directly by scholars in past dynasties is an important part of the musical theory in ancient China. It involves many theoretical issues, such as performance, creation, piano rhythm, intermittent aesthetics and so on, and is a treasure house for the birth of music theory.

In the process of the creation of Guqin notation (notation reduction), and even in the collection, arrangement, preservation and publication of Guqin notation, scholars of all ages have also made important contributions.

2. Tone music

This is a type of music that is sung with lyrics. Scholars' contributions to ci and qu are mainly as follows: first, selecting and creating tunes; The first is the theoretical study of tonal music.

Choosing a tune and composing a tune are two ways to create music with tone mode. Choosing a tune, also known as filling in words according to sounds, is to fill in new words with old songs. The sources of quoting old songs are: (1) other places or borders; (2) from the people; (3) Take a beautiful and independent passage from Daqu and Faqu to sing. In the application and transformation of this ancient epigraph, both graceful and unrestrained poets have made important contributions. Writing a song is a self-created song. Literati create new aphorisms by using all kinds of folk tune materials. This method originated from Liu Yong, and Zhou Bangyan can compose his own music. However, a large number of creators consciously pushed Jiang Kui (1155 ~1221) and created "Song of the Taoist priest of Baishi", which made many explorations and contributions to the development of Ci Dong. In the long-term development process, tonal music has formed four types: order, introduction, proximity and slow, as well as variations such as dispersion, reduction of words, stealing sound, promoting beat and breaking tune, as well as structural forms such as overlapping rhyme and couplets.

Zhang Yan (1248~ 1320) has always been the first person to study the melody of ci, and his book Etymology has made a comprehensive description of the melody characteristics of ci in Song Dynasty, which has become a valuable research material. Since then, Shen Kuo's Notes on Meng Xi, Wang Zhuo's Tales of Biji Man, and Zhao's Records of Waiting for Sharks have all left important information.

The common characteristics of literati music are the individualization of creative process, the centrality of creative expression and the relative stability of musical tunes.