Western Etiquette in Foreign Etiquette

Western table manners originated from the Metamja dynasty in France, and at that time, inspired by Byzantine culture, a series of elaborate manners were formulated.

In Charlemagne of the Roman Empire, etiquette became more complicated and even autocratic. The emperor must sit in the highest chair. Whenever the music starts, princes and nobles will hand the dishes to the emperor.

/kloc-before the 0/7th century, the traditional custom was to eat with a hat on. In the imperial era, table manners were complicated and strict, and different nationalities had different dining habits. Gauls sit and eat; The Romans ate while lying down; The French have learned to put their hands on the table since childhood; British people should put their hands on their thighs when they don't eat.

Western table manners

European table manners evolved from chivalry. /kloc-in the 0/2nd century, Italian culture flowed into France, table manners and menu language became more elegant and refined, and books teaching manners appeared one after another.

Today, table manners continue to be inherited in European countries. If you visit a friend's house, you must wear the right clothes, give the right gifts and behave gracefully everywhere.

Tableware is mainly placed for the convenience of eating, and it is taken from the outside to the inside. Never put the used tableware back on the table, usually the waiter will put it away.

① Red wine glass: When drinking, you should hold one end of the wine glass, not the body, to avoid hand temperature damaging the taste of the wine.

② Cup: It is best to wipe your mouth before drinking, so as not to leave oil stains on the cup.

③ White wine glass

④ Dessert spoon

⑤ dessert fork

6. Bread plate

All landowners butter knife

8 Harpoon

Pet-name ruby fork (main course fork)

Attending napkins: large napkins can be folded into triangles and placed on your knees. When wiping your mouth, use the corner position of the napkin; When you leave your seat, you can fold your napkin and put it on a chair or table. After eating, you should fold the napkin and put it on the right side of the plate.

(1 1) broadsword (main kitchen knife)

(12) fish knife

(13) Spoon: Don't make any noise when you drink soup. After drinking soup, don't put the spoon in the bowl, pick it up and put it on the soup plate.

"Sitting etiquette"

If a banquet is held as the host, the host and hostess should sit in the middle of a long table, face to face. As the host, you should invite all the guests to sit down one by one, and regarding the order of inviting them to sit down, the first one should be the female companion of the VIP, who is located on the host's right hand side, while the VIP sits on the hostess's right hand side.

If there is no special distinction between host and guest, unless there are elders present, you must be polite, otherwise the ladies can sit down generously. A polite gentleman should wait for the girls to sit down before sitting down.

When you go out to eat, it is inevitable to take your bag with you. At this time, you should put the bag between your back and the back of the chair, not just on the table or on the floor. After sitting down, you should keep the correct sitting posture, but don't be as stiff as Woodenhead, and keep a proper distance from the dining table.

When you have to leave the table halfway, you must definitely call the person at the same table, and the man should get up to show courtesy. Even if you leave the elder or lady next door, you should help drag the seat.

After dinner, you must wait for the host and hostess to leave before others can start to leave.

"Use etiquette"

Regarding the use of napkins, you must wait until everyone is seated before you can start using them. After the napkin is spread out, it should be laid flat on the thigh and never put into the neckline, because a three-year-old girl may be cute to do so, but it is a bit bad for adults after 13 years old.

In addition, the main function of napkins is to prevent food from staining clothes and wipe off oil stains on lips and hands. When you forget to bring paper towels, please don't use them to wipe your nose, because it is neither elegant nor hygienic.

Some people may be worried about the hygiene of tableware, so it is impolite to wipe tableware with napkins, which will cause embarrassment to restaurants or shopkeepers. After eating, you should fold your napkin and put it on the table before you leave.

The order of using knives and forks in western food is from outside to inside. Use the tableware placed on the outermost side of the plate first, and use a pair of knives and forks for each meal; After eating, the knife and fork are placed side by side in the center of the plate, and the waiter will take the initiative to take the plate away. Tableware is used not only to cut food, but also to move food, because it is impolite to turn over dishes in formal occasions.

"Edible etiquette"

Meat: Cut the steak from the outside to the inside. Please don't cut it into pieces for convenience. This is not only the lack of temperament, but also the regret that delicious gravy will be lost. When cutting meat, the size should be moderate, not too big, so there is a danger that your mouth will not close. When chewing food, be sure to keep your mouth shut, avoid making noise, and don't put food into your mouth before swallowing it.

Shellfish seafood: Shellfish seafood should be eaten with a shell in your left hand and a fork in your right hand. When eating fish fillets, you can eat them with a fork in your right hand and avoid using a knife, because the tender fish is easily chopped and becomes difficult to clean; When you meet a whole fish, eat the upper layer of the fish first, then remove the fishbone with a knife and fork, and never turn it over. When eating lobster, you can remove the shrimp shell with your fingers before eating.

Fruits: Fruits with plenty of water should be eaten with a small spoon. Peaches and melons will be peeled and sliced in the restaurant first, and should be eaten with a small fork. Strawberries are often put in small plates and can be eaten with a spoon or fork. In addition, when eating fruit, restaurants usually provide hand washing boxes with petals or lemons in them. For washing hands.

Dessert: Generally, cake and cake are divided and eaten with a small fork. After cutting the hard ones with a knife, divide them and eat them with a small fork. As for ice cream or pudding, you can eat it with a spoon. If you encounter small pieces of hard biscuits, you can take them directly.

"drinking etiquette"

Soup: When you drink soup, you should use a spoon instead of holding the whole bowl. When drinking soup with a spoon, the spoon should be scooped out from its own side. It is forbidden to stir the hot soup with your mouth or blow it cold. It is the least courtesy to avoid making noise when drinking soup. When the soup is almost finished, you can lift the soup plate with your left thumb and forefinger and tilt it outward, then you can drink the soup. After drinking the soup, the spoon should be placed on the plate of the soup plate or soup cup.

Coffee and tea: When drinking coffee or tea, the restaurant will definitely attach a small spoon to stir the sugar and cream, so try not to stir your drink with the spoon in the sugar pot and cream pot, and don't spoon the coffee to taste the sweetness, otherwise you will definitely get the attention of the whole table. When drinking coffee or tea, hold the cup handle with your forefinger and thumb and hold it up. As for the plates, there is no need to bring them up. After drinking, put the spoon on the plate.

Banquet etiquette

(1) When you are invited to dinner, you are likely to be more interested in the people who eat at the same table and the conversation at the table than the food. Therefore, when eating, you should make as little noise and movements as possible.

(2) As soon as the hostess picks up the napkin, you can also pick up the napkin and put it on your lap. Sometimes there is a bun wrapped in a napkin; In that case, bring it here and put it on a small plate next to it.

(3) If the napkin is large, put it in double folds on your knees; If it's small, open it all. Never pin your napkin on your collar or vest, and don't rub it with your hands. You can wipe off oil stains or dirt on your mouth or fingers with a corner of your napkin. Never use it to clean knives, forks or plates.

(4) Dinner usually begins with soup. The biggest spoon in front of your seat is the spoon, next to the plate on your right. Don't use the spoon in the middle of the table by mistake, because it may be used to get vegetables and jam.

(5) Guests are not allowed to eat any food until the hostess picks up her spoon or fork. The hostess usually starts after each guest gets the food. She won't invite you to dinner first, as China is used to. When she picks up a spoon or fork, it means that everyone can do it.

(6) If there are fish dishes, they are usually served after the soup. There may be a fork for eating fish on the table, or it may be similar to a fork for eating meat, usually smaller. In short, the harpoon is placed on the outside of the meat fork away from the plate.

(7) Usually, before the fish is served, the bones of the fish have been removed. If the fish you eat still has thorns, you can hold a bread roll or a piece of bread in your left hand and poke the thorns with a knife in your right hand.

(8) If there is a thorn in your mouth, take it out with your fingers quietly and as unnoticed as possible, and put it on the edge of the plate. Don't put it on the table or throw it underground.

Excerpt from /zhichang_s/canzhuoliyi/